
. set more off

. 
. clear

. use "main_analyses_and_supplemental_tables.dta" 

. 
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Figure 1. Average Private Fixed Investment Growth
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> sort countryname year

. 
. by countryname: gen lgelt=elt[_n-1] if  main_sample==1 
(3,219 missing values generated)

. by countryname: gen f1elt=elt[_n+1] if   main_sample==1 
(3,213 missing values generated)

. by countryname: gen f2elt=elt[_n+2] if   main_sample==1 
(3,243 missing values generated)

. 
. replace lgelt=. if elt==1 & lgelt==1
(8 real changes made, 8 to missing)

. replace f1elt=. if elt==1 & f1elt==1
(8 real changes made, 8 to missing)

. replace f2elt=. if elt==1 & f2elt==1
(10 real changes made, 10 to missing)

. 
. egen meanpfielt=mean(chrprivgfcf100_w005e) if  main_sample==1  & elt==1
(4,046 missing values generated)

. 
. egen meanpfilgelt=mean(chrprivgfcf100_w005e) if main_sample==1 & lgelt==1
(4,041 missing values generated)

. 
. egen meanpfif1elt=mean(chrprivgfcf100_w005e) if  main_sample==1  & f1elt==1
(4,064 missing values generated)

. 
. egen meanpfif2elt=mean(chrprivgfcf100_w005e) if main_sample==1  & f2elt==1
(4,067 missing values generated)

. 
. sum meanpfilgelt meanpfielt meanpfif1elt meanpfif2elt

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
meanpfilgelt |        241    12.85944           0   12.85944   12.85944
  meanpfielt |        236    6.957035           0   6.957035   6.957035
meanpfif1elt |        218    9.328693           0   9.328693   9.328693
meanpfif2elt |        215    11.72555           0   11.72555   11.72555

. 
. keep if main_sample==1
(3,213 observations deleted)

. gen id_check2=_n

. keep if id_check2<5
(1,065 observations deleted)

.  
. keep meanpfif2elt meanpfif1elt meanpfielt meanpfilgelt id_check2

. 
. gen yvalues=.
(4 missing values generated)

. replace yvalues=meanpfif2elt[2] if id_check2==1
(1 real change made)

. replace yvalues=meanpfif1elt[3] if id_check2==2 
(1 real change made)

. replace yvalues=meanpfielt[4] if id_check2==3
(1 real change made)

. replace yvalues=meanpfilgelt[1] if id_check2==4
(1 real change made)

. line yvalues id_check2, yscale(range(0 14)) ylabel(0 "0%" 2 "2%" 4 "4%" 6 "6%" 8 "8%" 10 "10%" 12 "12%" 14 "14%", angle(0)) xlabel(1 "
> Y-2" 2 "Y-1" 3 "Executive Election (Y)" 4 "Y+1") ytitle("") title("") xtitle("")

. ////////////////////
> 
. clear

. eststo clear

. use "main_analyses_and_supplemental_tables.dta" 

. 
. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Table 1. Institutional Constraints on the Executive and Electoral Investment Cycles
. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * (1) Pooled OLS
. eststo: reg chrprivgfcf100_w005e  elt  chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e if main_sample=
> =1, robust

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,069
                                                F(7, 1061)        =       2.04
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0472
                                                R-squared         =     0.0092
                                                Root MSE          =     32.459

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -3.276789   1.848127    -1.77   0.077    -6.903188    .3496093
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   14.95396   11.85721     1.26   0.208    -8.312284    38.22021
           regimedum2 |   -.380289   2.201958    -0.17   0.863    -4.700977    3.940399
           regimedum3 |    .505476   3.898222     0.13   0.897    -7.143625    8.154577
           regimedum4 |   1.919725   2.469436     0.78   0.437    -2.925808    6.765258
          rpt_for_elt |  -10.37448   4.603431    -2.25   0.024    -19.40734   -1.341617
          chcpi_w005e |  -.4367534   .8880607    -0.49   0.623    -2.179308    1.305801
                _cons |   8.806057   1.702609     5.17   0.000     5.465195    12.14692
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) Pooled OLS
. eststo: reg chrprivgfcf100_w005e  elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi
> _w005e if  main_sample==1, robust

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =      1,069
                                                F(9, 1059)        =       2.83
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0027
                                                R-squared         =     0.0149
                                                Root MSE          =     32.397

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -26.60358   7.995388    -3.33   0.001    -42.29218   -10.91497
         eltlnpolconv |   6.399139   2.073668     3.09   0.002     2.330174     10.4681
            lnpolconv |  -2.468309   1.518007    -1.63   0.104    -5.446952    .5103341
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   13.71392    11.9392     1.15   0.251    -9.713256     37.1411
           regimedum2 |  -.1019485   2.192767    -0.05   0.963    -4.404611    4.200714
           regimedum3 |     .56846   3.876911     0.15   0.883    -7.038841    8.175761
           regimedum4 |   2.267619   2.549413     0.89   0.374    -2.734857    7.270094
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.940991   4.684922    -2.12   0.034    -19.13378   -.7482069
          chcpi_w005e |  -.4532572   .8926969    -0.51   0.612    -2.204913    1.298399
                _cons |   17.88101   6.023945     2.97   0.003     6.060789    29.70124
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est2 stored)

. 
. * (3) PCSE
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e  elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt ch
> cpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1619
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     193.52
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   -22.5032   10.28161    -2.19   0.029    -42.65479   -2.351612
         eltlnpolconv |   5.592444   2.611764     2.14   0.032     .4734794    10.71141
            lnpolconv |   .4226987   1.898223     0.22   0.824    -3.297749    4.143147
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.391162   10.79272     0.59   0.554    -14.76219    27.54451
           regimedum2 |  -1.668383   3.921235    -0.43   0.670    -9.353863    6.017097
           regimedum3 |   2.035872    5.11147     0.40   0.690    -7.982425    12.05417
           regimedum4 |  -.2323873   3.936168    -0.06   0.953    -7.947135    7.482361
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.314674   5.866443    -1.42   0.156    -19.81269    3.183344
          chcpi_w005e |  -.7144249   .4314242    -1.66   0.098    -1.560001     .131151
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -20.12943   16.45517    -1.22   0.221    -52.38096     12.1221
                   9  |  -7.777842   18.19343    -0.43   0.669    -43.43631    27.88063
                  10  |   -21.6264   16.47386    -1.31   0.189    -53.91457    10.66177
                  11  |  -18.71152   16.32159    -1.15   0.252    -50.70124    13.27821
                  12  |  -25.24554   16.13732    -1.56   0.118     -56.8741    6.383029
                  13  |  -55.35104   17.92114    -3.09   0.002    -90.47583   -20.22625
                  15  |  -8.546742   22.43118    -0.38   0.703    -52.51105    35.41757
                  21  |  -28.50891   16.78236    -1.70   0.089    -61.40174    4.383921
                  24  |  -25.18535   25.33502    -0.99   0.320    -74.84108    24.47038
                  25  |  -27.55715   16.48212    -1.67   0.095    -59.86151    4.747211
                  26  |  -1.724081   19.28892    -0.09   0.929    -39.52968    36.08152
                  27  |  -24.57881   16.23814    -1.51   0.130    -56.40498    7.247352
                  29  |  -27.73041   16.47367    -1.68   0.092    -60.01822    4.557395
                  30  |  -16.05294   16.16363    -0.99   0.321    -47.73308    15.62719
                  32  |  -25.64993   16.02521    -1.60   0.109    -57.05876    5.758899
                  36  |  -17.67131   22.13755    -0.80   0.425    -61.06011    25.71749
                  37  |  -2.461518   22.17611    -0.11   0.912     -45.9259    41.00286
                  38  |  -8.953556    18.6366    -0.48   0.631    -45.48063    27.57351
                  39  |   -25.6606   16.07378    -1.60   0.110    -57.16462    5.843421
                  41  |  -5.315295   25.90198    -0.21   0.837    -56.08225    45.45166
                  42  |  -15.19932   18.94928    -0.80   0.422    -52.33921    21.94058
                  43  |  -21.63458   17.33499    -1.25   0.212    -55.61055    12.34138
                  44  |  -21.91126   16.13845    -1.36   0.175    -53.54204    9.719532
                  45  |   -23.6305   16.04138    -1.47   0.141    -55.07102    7.810026
                  46  |   -30.0244   16.88512    -1.78   0.075    -63.11863     3.06983
                  49  |  -10.18288   19.78045    -0.51   0.607    -48.95184    28.58609
                  51  |  -4.696109   18.02427    -0.26   0.794    -40.02302     30.6308
                  52  |  -18.72114   18.05571    -1.04   0.300    -54.10969     16.6674
                  53  |  -21.01105    17.5886    -1.19   0.232    -55.48406    13.46197
                  54  |  -19.38046   16.99412    -1.14   0.254    -52.68833    13.92741
                  55  |  -7.823826   20.50688    -0.38   0.703    -48.01658    32.36893
                  56  |  -22.01621   16.76113    -1.31   0.189    -54.86743      10.835
                  57  |  -22.71513   16.25104    -1.40   0.162    -54.56658    9.136313
                  59  |  -27.33255   16.21379    -1.69   0.092    -59.11099    4.445887
                  60  |  -22.11005   16.74918    -1.32   0.187    -54.93783    10.71774
                  61  |  -16.01771   17.58091    -0.91   0.362    -50.47566    18.44023
                  63  |   66.62923   50.02594     1.33   0.183    -31.41982    164.6783
                  64  |  -17.76344   17.69394    -1.00   0.315    -52.44293    16.91604
                  65  |  -19.18237   16.24104    -1.18   0.238    -51.01422    12.64948
                  66  |   -18.1697   16.67146    -1.09   0.276    -50.84516    14.50576
                  67  |  -16.02658    17.8296    -0.90   0.369    -50.97195    18.91879
                  68  |  -22.15483   16.80855    -1.32   0.187    -55.09898    10.78932
                  70  |  -26.38054   16.15306    -1.63   0.102    -58.03997    5.278878
                  71  |  -11.12665   16.65238    -0.67   0.504    -43.76471     21.5114
                  72  |  -30.01421   17.90404    -1.68   0.094    -65.10549    5.077065
                  73  |  -23.98584   16.47941    -1.46   0.146    -56.28488    8.313211
                  74  |  -25.17267   16.31354    -1.54   0.123    -57.14661    6.801277
                  75  |   -21.4711   16.52463    -1.30   0.194    -53.85878    10.91657
                  76  |  -22.74428   17.90318    -1.27   0.204    -57.83386     12.3453
                  78  |  -21.30832   16.22506    -1.31   0.189    -53.10886    10.49222
                  80  |   1.741972   33.28285     0.05   0.958    -63.49121    66.97515
                  81  |  -24.92979   15.97154    -1.56   0.119    -56.23343    6.373855
                  82  |  -24.26003   16.28282    -1.49   0.136    -56.17377    7.653707
                  86  |  -23.92349   16.25351    -1.47   0.141    -55.77979    7.932805
                  92  |  -31.07359    17.0118    -1.83   0.068     -64.4161     2.26893
                  93  |  -23.13401   16.07855    -1.44   0.150    -54.64738    8.379361
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -10.14391   7.674685    -1.32   0.186    -25.18602    4.898193
                1977  |  -10.24176   8.739241    -1.17   0.241    -27.37035    6.886842
                1978  |  -4.319164   7.688257    -0.56   0.574    -19.38787    10.74954
                1979  |  -.4324932   7.868728    -0.05   0.956    -15.85492    14.98993
                1980  |    -19.699   7.615199    -2.59   0.010    -34.62451   -4.773482
                1981  |  -18.87017   7.524176    -2.51   0.012    -33.61729   -4.123056
                1982  |  -17.20482   8.176049    -2.10   0.035    -33.22958   -1.180058
                1983  |  -20.38945   7.901776    -2.58   0.010    -35.87664   -4.902251
                1984  |  -15.83388    7.72515    -2.05   0.040    -30.97489   -.6928594
                1985  |  -20.20126   7.484207    -2.70   0.007    -34.87004   -5.532485
                1986  |  -2.660705   7.608273    -0.35   0.727    -17.57265    12.25124
                1987  |  -3.838489   7.155434    -0.54   0.592    -17.86288     10.1859
                1988  |  -2.034809   6.847387    -0.30   0.766    -15.45544    11.38582
                1989  |  -5.036998   7.000581    -0.72   0.472    -18.75789    8.683888
                1990  |  -1.979453    6.81033    -0.29   0.771    -15.32745    11.36855
                1991  |  -14.81654    6.73473    -2.20   0.028    -28.01637   -1.616711
                1992  |  -13.59443   7.022277    -1.94   0.053    -27.35784     .168982
                1993  |   3.929836   7.058077     0.56   0.578    -9.903742    17.76341
                1994  |  -.5997188   7.960194    -0.08   0.940    -16.20141    15.00197
                1995  |  -4.536911   7.809484    -0.58   0.561    -19.84322     10.7694
                1996  |  -11.32357   7.484857    -1.51   0.130    -25.99362    3.346482
                1997  |  -15.64689   7.688594    -2.04   0.042    -30.71625   -.5775187
                1998  |  -20.45336   7.472671    -2.74   0.006    -35.09953   -5.807195
                1999  |  -21.98694   7.898752    -2.78   0.005    -37.46821   -6.505673
                2000  |  -8.028846   7.978009    -1.01   0.314    -23.66546    7.607765
                2001  |  -19.70591   7.813108    -2.52   0.012    -35.01933   -4.392504
                2002  |  -16.50589   7.815686    -2.11   0.035    -31.82435   -1.187425
                2003  |   -8.97221    7.44171    -1.21   0.228    -23.55769    5.613274
                2004  |  -7.841597    7.31199    -1.07   0.284    -22.17283     6.48964
                2005  |  -4.667227   7.304227    -0.64   0.523    -18.98325    9.648794
                2006  |  -6.849414   7.445543    -0.92   0.358    -21.44241    7.743582
                2007  |  -11.34009   7.668401    -1.48   0.139    -26.36988    3.689701
                2008  |  -10.68975   7.837046    -1.36   0.173    -26.05008     4.67058
                2009  |  -33.89237    7.83779    -4.32   0.000    -49.25415   -18.53058
                2010  |   3.166056   8.370302     0.38   0.705    -13.23943    19.57155
                2011  |  -16.68311   7.981476    -2.09   0.037    -32.32651   -1.039703
                2012  |   -12.7792   7.954843    -1.61   0.108    -28.37041    2.812003
                2013  |  -23.40055   8.263532    -2.83   0.005    -39.59677    -7.20432
                2014  |  -19.91363    8.57153    -2.32   0.020    -36.71352   -3.113744
                2015  |  -22.75032   8.708643    -2.61   0.009    -39.81895   -5.681693
                2016  |  -24.10862   8.989842    -2.68   0.007    -41.72839   -6.488856
                      |
                _cons |   41.06676   18.53681     2.22   0.027     4.735286    77.39824
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0896604
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est3 stored)

. 
. testparm i.countryid 

 ( 1)  5.countryid = 0
 ( 2)  9.countryid = 0
 ( 3)  10.countryid = 0
 ( 4)  11.countryid = 0
 ( 5)  12.countryid = 0
 ( 6)  13.countryid = 0
 ( 7)  15.countryid = 0
 ( 8)  21.countryid = 0
 ( 9)  24.countryid = 0
 (10)  25.countryid = 0
 (11)  26.countryid = 0
 (12)  27.countryid = 0
 (13)  29.countryid = 0
 (14)  30.countryid = 0
 (15)  32.countryid = 0
 (16)  36.countryid = 0
 (17)  37.countryid = 0
 (18)  38.countryid = 0
 (19)  39.countryid = 0
 (20)  41.countryid = 0
 (21)  42.countryid = 0
 (22)  43.countryid = 0
 (23)  44.countryid = 0
 (24)  45.countryid = 0
 (25)  46.countryid = 0
 (26)  49.countryid = 0
 (27)  51.countryid = 0
 (28)  52.countryid = 0
 (29)  53.countryid = 0
 (30)  54.countryid = 0
 (31)  55.countryid = 0
 (32)  56.countryid = 0
 (33)  57.countryid = 0
 (34)  59.countryid = 0
 (35)  60.countryid = 0
 (36)  61.countryid = 0
 (37)  63.countryid = 0
 (38)  64.countryid = 0
 (39)  65.countryid = 0
 (40)  66.countryid = 0
 (41)  67.countryid = 0
 (42)  68.countryid = 0
 (43)  70.countryid = 0
 (44)  71.countryid = 0
 (45)  72.countryid = 0
 (46)  73.countryid = 0
 (47)  74.countryid = 0
 (48)  75.countryid = 0
 (49)  76.countryid = 0
 (50)  78.countryid = 0
 (51)  80.countryid = 0
 (52)  81.countryid = 0
 (53)  82.countryid = 0
 (54)  86.countryid = 0
 (55)  92.countryid = 0
 (56)  93.countryid = 0

           chi2( 56) =   69.73
         Prob > chi2 =    0.1027

. testparm i.year

 ( 1)  1976.year = 0
 ( 2)  1977.year = 0
 ( 3)  1978.year = 0
 ( 4)  1979.year = 0
 ( 5)  1980.year = 0
 ( 6)  1981.year = 0
 ( 7)  1982.year = 0
 ( 8)  1983.year = 0
 ( 9)  1984.year = 0
 (10)  1985.year = 0
 (11)  1986.year = 0
 (12)  1987.year = 0
 (13)  1988.year = 0
 (14)  1989.year = 0
 (15)  1990.year = 0
 (16)  1991.year = 0
 (17)  1992.year = 0
 (18)  1993.year = 0
 (19)  1994.year = 0
 (20)  1995.year = 0
 (21)  1996.year = 0
 (22)  1997.year = 0
 (23)  1998.year = 0
 (24)  1999.year = 0
 (25)  2000.year = 0
 (26)  2001.year = 0
 (27)  2002.year = 0
 (28)  2003.year = 0
 (29)  2004.year = 0
 (30)  2005.year = 0
 (31)  2006.year = 0
 (32)  2007.year = 0
 (33)  2008.year = 0
 (34)  2009.year = 0
 (35)  2010.year = 0
 (36)  2011.year = 0
 (37)  2012.year = 0
 (38)  2013.year = 0
 (39)  2014.year = 0
 (40)  2015.year = 0
 (41)  2016.year = 0

           chi2( 41) =  105.75
         Prob > chi2 =    0.0000

. testparm i.countryid i.year

 ( 1)  5.countryid = 0
 ( 2)  9.countryid = 0
 ( 3)  10.countryid = 0
 ( 4)  11.countryid = 0
 ( 5)  12.countryid = 0
 ( 6)  13.countryid = 0
 ( 7)  15.countryid = 0
 ( 8)  21.countryid = 0
 ( 9)  24.countryid = 0
 (10)  25.countryid = 0
 (11)  26.countryid = 0
 (12)  27.countryid = 0
 (13)  29.countryid = 0
 (14)  30.countryid = 0
 (15)  32.countryid = 0
 (16)  36.countryid = 0
 (17)  37.countryid = 0
 (18)  38.countryid = 0
 (19)  39.countryid = 0
 (20)  41.countryid = 0
 (21)  42.countryid = 0
 (22)  43.countryid = 0
 (23)  44.countryid = 0
 (24)  45.countryid = 0
 (25)  46.countryid = 0
 (26)  49.countryid = 0
 (27)  51.countryid = 0
 (28)  52.countryid = 0
 (29)  53.countryid = 0
 (30)  54.countryid = 0
 (31)  55.countryid = 0
 (32)  56.countryid = 0
 (33)  57.countryid = 0
 (34)  59.countryid = 0
 (35)  60.countryid = 0
 (36)  61.countryid = 0
 (37)  63.countryid = 0
 (38)  64.countryid = 0
 (39)  65.countryid = 0
 (40)  66.countryid = 0
 (41)  67.countryid = 0
 (42)  68.countryid = 0
 (43)  70.countryid = 0
 (44)  71.countryid = 0
 (45)  72.countryid = 0
 (46)  73.countryid = 0
 (47)  74.countryid = 0
 (48)  75.countryid = 0
 (49)  76.countryid = 0
 (50)  78.countryid = 0
 (51)  80.countryid = 0
 (52)  81.countryid = 0
 (53)  82.countryid = 0
 (54)  86.countryid = 0
 (55)  92.countryid = 0
 (56)  93.countryid = 0
 (57)  1976.year = 0
 (58)  1977.year = 0
 (59)  1978.year = 0
 (60)  1979.year = 0
 (61)  1980.year = 0
 (62)  1981.year = 0
 (63)  1982.year = 0
 (64)  1983.year = 0
 (65)  1984.year = 0
 (66)  1985.year = 0
 (67)  1986.year = 0
 (68)  1987.year = 0
 (69)  1988.year = 0
 (70)  1989.year = 0
 (71)  1990.year = 0
 (72)  1991.year = 0
 (73)  1992.year = 0
 (74)  1993.year = 0
 (75)  1994.year = 0
 (76)  1995.year = 0
 (77)  1996.year = 0
 (78)  1997.year = 0
 (79)  1998.year = 0
 (80)  1999.year = 0
 (81)  2000.year = 0
 (82)  2001.year = 0
 (83)  2002.year = 0
 (84)  2003.year = 0
 (85)  2004.year = 0
 (86)  2005.year = 0
 (87)  2006.year = 0
 (88)  2007.year = 0
 (89)  2008.year = 0
 (90)  2009.year = 0
 (91)  2010.year = 0
 (92)  2011.year = 0
 (93)  2012.year = 0
 (94)  2013.year = 0
 (95)  2014.year = 0
 (96)  2015.year = 0
 (97)  2016.year = 0

           chi2( 97) =  170.47
         Prob > chi2 =    0.0000

. 
. * (4) PCSE
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w0
> 05e  i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1601
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     193.19
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -12.72226   5.662693    -2.25   0.025    -23.82093   -1.623582
           eltpolconv |   22.05918   9.473001     2.33   0.020     3.492438    40.62592
              polconv |  -4.876177   6.629674    -0.74   0.462     -17.8701    8.117745
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.652648   10.80576     0.62   0.538    -14.52625    27.83155
           regimedum2 |  -1.349453   3.936056    -0.34   0.732    -9.063981    6.365075
           regimedum3 |   2.567827    5.11639     0.50   0.616    -7.460113    12.59577
           regimedum4 |   .0966157   3.937014     0.02   0.980    -7.619791    7.813022
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.268771   5.913308    -1.40   0.162    -19.85864    3.321099
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6552877   .4333999    -1.51   0.131    -1.504736    .1941605
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -19.94398   16.45846    -1.21   0.226    -52.20196      12.314
                   9  |  -12.47014   17.53668    -0.71   0.477    -46.84141    21.90113
                  10  |  -21.28257   16.47765    -1.29   0.196    -53.57816    11.01302
                  11  |   -17.9438   16.34628    -1.10   0.272    -49.98191    14.09432
                  12  |  -23.98689   16.22653    -1.48   0.139     -55.7903    7.816511
                  13  |  -53.38373   18.01293    -2.96   0.003    -88.68841   -18.07904
                  15  |  -7.007776   22.51111    -0.31   0.756    -51.12875     37.1132
                  21  |  -27.41582   16.80795    -1.63   0.103     -60.3588    5.527166
                  24  |  -26.81341    24.7385    -1.08   0.278    -75.29997    21.67315
                  25  |   -25.9813   16.58857    -1.57   0.117     -58.4943    6.531696
                  26  |  -3.282481   19.69015    -0.17   0.868    -41.87446     35.3095
                  27  |  -24.52401   16.27475    -1.51   0.132    -56.42193      7.3739
                  29  |  -26.74888   16.46538    -1.62   0.104    -59.02043    5.522667
                  30  |  -17.21238   16.23368    -1.06   0.289    -49.02981    14.60505
                  32  |   -25.6701   16.04923    -1.60   0.110      -57.126    5.785813
                  36  |  -16.70919   21.97498    -0.76   0.447    -59.77935    26.36098
                  37  |  -2.909786   22.15372    -0.13   0.896    -46.33029    40.51071
                  38  |  -9.407715   18.62957    -0.50   0.614    -45.92101    27.10558
                  39  |  -25.19244   16.07974    -1.57   0.117    -56.70815    6.323275
                  41  |  -6.875389   25.99826    -0.26   0.791    -57.83104    44.08026
                  42  |  -14.93633   18.94055    -0.79   0.430    -52.05912    22.18646
                  43  |  -23.82776   16.92374    -1.41   0.159    -56.99767     9.34216
                  44  |   -22.0765   16.16025    -1.37   0.172       -53.75    9.596999
                  45  |  -22.59003    16.0903    -1.40   0.160    -54.12643    8.946375
                  46  |  -29.69077   17.11008    -1.74   0.083    -63.22591     3.84437
                  49  |  -9.794929   19.68019    -0.50   0.619     -48.3674    28.77754
                  51  |  -4.563648   17.98744    -0.25   0.800    -39.81839    30.69109
                  52  |  -17.04414   18.15798    -0.94   0.348    -52.63314    18.54485
                  53  |  -21.79171   17.56828    -1.24   0.215    -56.22491    12.64149
                  54  |  -19.01794   17.00394    -1.12   0.263    -52.34505    14.30918
                  55  |  -7.830938   20.42131    -0.38   0.701    -47.85596    32.19409
                  56  |   -20.4377   16.87858    -1.21   0.226     -53.5191    12.64371
                  57  |  -22.90161   16.25886    -1.41   0.159    -54.76839    8.965171
                  59  |  -25.78942   16.33081    -1.58   0.114    -57.79721    6.218376
                  60  |  -21.28843   16.82801    -1.27   0.206    -54.27073    11.69388
                  61  |  -14.68861   17.66986    -0.83   0.406     -49.3209    19.94367
                  63  |   66.07793     49.558     1.33   0.182    -31.05397    163.2098
                  64  |   -16.7282   17.68549    -0.95   0.344    -51.39111    17.93472
                  65  |   -19.3986   16.26339    -1.19   0.233    -51.27425    12.47705
                  66  |  -17.77747   16.65512    -1.07   0.286     -50.4209    14.86596
                  67  |  -16.03235   17.90482    -0.90   0.371    -51.12516    19.06045
                  68  |   -21.5465   16.82685    -1.28   0.200    -54.52652    11.43353
                  70  |  -26.12413    16.1697    -1.62   0.106    -57.81617    5.567908
                  71  |   -11.4434   16.68648    -0.69   0.493    -44.14831    21.26151
                  72  |  -28.32511   18.00905    -1.57   0.116     -63.6222    6.971981
                  73  |  -24.33905   16.49129    -1.48   0.140    -56.66138     7.98328
                  74  |  -25.42114   16.32906    -1.56   0.120    -57.42551    6.583238
                  75  |  -20.56612     16.586    -1.24   0.215    -53.07408    11.94184
                  76  |  -23.77499   17.94146    -1.33   0.185    -58.93961    11.38963
                  78  |  -22.19685   16.27496    -1.36   0.173    -54.09519    9.701497
                  80  |   1.704548   33.12524     0.05   0.959    -63.21974    66.62883
                  81  |  -25.15078   15.99472    -1.57   0.116    -56.49985    6.198284
                  82  |  -24.27941    16.3016    -1.49   0.136    -56.22997    7.671145
                  86  |  -23.44285   16.29983    -1.44   0.150    -55.38992    8.504221
                  92  |  -29.99919   17.14226    -1.75   0.080    -63.59739    3.599018
                  93  |   -22.7256   16.09297    -1.41   0.158    -54.26723    8.816031
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -9.227805   7.733191    -1.19   0.233    -24.38458    5.928972
                1977  |   -10.1745   8.753129    -1.16   0.245    -27.33031    6.981319
                1978  |  -4.535194   7.693673    -0.59   0.556    -19.61452    10.54413
                1979  |  -1.349976   7.775312    -0.17   0.862    -16.58931    13.88936
                1980  |  -20.08892   7.561223    -2.66   0.008    -34.90864    -5.26919
                1981  |  -20.45945    7.49941    -2.73   0.006    -35.15802   -5.760874
                1982  |  -17.03361   8.167246    -2.09   0.037    -33.04112   -1.026104
                1983  |  -20.66904   7.899717    -2.62   0.009     -36.1522   -5.185875
                1984  |  -15.76352   7.718978    -2.04   0.041    -30.89244    -.634604
                1985  |   -20.1546   7.477873    -2.70   0.007    -34.81096    -5.49824
                1986  |  -2.883634   7.566486    -0.38   0.703    -17.71367    11.94641
                1987  |   -4.24055   7.154011    -0.59   0.553    -18.26215    9.781055
                1988  |   -2.30236   6.827888    -0.34   0.736    -15.68477    11.08006
                1989  |  -5.190645   6.990095    -0.74   0.458    -18.89098    8.509689
                1990  |  -2.844443    6.79353    -0.42   0.675    -16.15952    10.47063
                1991  |  -15.73133   6.762679    -2.33   0.020    -28.98594   -2.476726
                1992  |   -15.3268   7.068525    -2.17   0.030    -29.18085   -1.472743
                1993  |   3.719953   7.069186     0.53   0.599     -10.1354     17.5753
                1994  |  -.9098565   8.014406    -0.11   0.910     -16.6178    14.79809
                1995  |  -4.023537   7.831177    -0.51   0.607    -19.37236    11.32529
                1996  |  -10.79983   7.529853    -1.43   0.151    -25.55807    3.958408
                1997  |  -15.08011   7.722018    -1.95   0.051    -30.21498    .0547723
                1998  |  -19.94234   7.475274    -2.67   0.008     -34.5936   -5.291068
                1999  |  -22.08938   7.927989    -2.79   0.005    -37.62795   -6.550803
                2000  |   -8.56866   7.997046    -1.07   0.284    -24.24258    7.105261
                2001  |  -19.26646   7.835392    -2.46   0.014    -34.62355   -3.909376
                2002  |  -16.40939   7.835005    -2.09   0.036    -31.76572   -1.053066
                2003  |  -8.584751   7.454835    -1.15   0.249    -23.19596    6.026457
                2004  |  -7.707737   7.317646    -1.05   0.292    -22.05006    6.634584
                2005  |   -4.37048   7.316861    -0.60   0.550    -18.71126    9.970304
                2006  |  -6.509541   7.454156    -0.87   0.383    -21.11942    8.100336
                2007  |   -11.0364   7.688936    -1.44   0.151    -26.10644    4.033638
                2008  |  -10.32544   7.839067    -1.32   0.188    -25.68973     5.03885
                2009  |  -33.48503   7.844989    -4.27   0.000    -48.86093   -18.10914
                2010  |   3.311642   8.366945     0.40   0.692    -13.08727    19.71055
                2011  |  -16.31818   7.989143    -2.04   0.041    -31.97661   -.6597464
                2012  |  -12.55024   7.955223    -1.58   0.115    -28.14219    3.041713
                2013  |  -22.94109   8.269523    -2.77   0.006    -39.14906   -6.733126
                2014  |  -19.39896    8.59527    -2.26   0.024    -36.24538   -2.552538
                2015  |  -22.35571     8.7121    -2.57   0.010    -39.43111   -5.280303
                2016  |  -24.05895   8.988792    -2.68   0.007    -41.67666   -6.441242
                      |
                _cons |    44.3567   17.48962     2.54   0.011     10.07768    78.63572
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0848619
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est4 stored)

. 
. testparm i.countryid 

 ( 1)  5.countryid = 0
 ( 2)  9.countryid = 0
 ( 3)  10.countryid = 0
 ( 4)  11.countryid = 0
 ( 5)  12.countryid = 0
 ( 6)  13.countryid = 0
 ( 7)  15.countryid = 0
 ( 8)  21.countryid = 0
 ( 9)  24.countryid = 0
 (10)  25.countryid = 0
 (11)  26.countryid = 0
 (12)  27.countryid = 0
 (13)  29.countryid = 0
 (14)  30.countryid = 0
 (15)  32.countryid = 0
 (16)  36.countryid = 0
 (17)  37.countryid = 0
 (18)  38.countryid = 0
 (19)  39.countryid = 0
 (20)  41.countryid = 0
 (21)  42.countryid = 0
 (22)  43.countryid = 0
 (23)  44.countryid = 0
 (24)  45.countryid = 0
 (25)  46.countryid = 0
 (26)  49.countryid = 0
 (27)  51.countryid = 0
 (28)  52.countryid = 0
 (29)  53.countryid = 0
 (30)  54.countryid = 0
 (31)  55.countryid = 0
 (32)  56.countryid = 0
 (33)  57.countryid = 0
 (34)  59.countryid = 0
 (35)  60.countryid = 0
 (36)  61.countryid = 0
 (37)  63.countryid = 0
 (38)  64.countryid = 0
 (39)  65.countryid = 0
 (40)  66.countryid = 0
 (41)  67.countryid = 0
 (42)  68.countryid = 0
 (43)  70.countryid = 0
 (44)  71.countryid = 0
 (45)  72.countryid = 0
 (46)  73.countryid = 0
 (47)  74.countryid = 0
 (48)  75.countryid = 0
 (49)  76.countryid = 0
 (50)  78.countryid = 0
 (51)  80.countryid = 0
 (52)  81.countryid = 0
 (53)  82.countryid = 0
 (54)  86.countryid = 0
 (55)  92.countryid = 0
 (56)  93.countryid = 0

           chi2( 56) =   65.91
         Prob > chi2 =    0.1714

. testparm i.year

 ( 1)  1976.year = 0
 ( 2)  1977.year = 0
 ( 3)  1978.year = 0
 ( 4)  1979.year = 0
 ( 5)  1980.year = 0
 ( 6)  1981.year = 0
 ( 7)  1982.year = 0
 ( 8)  1983.year = 0
 ( 9)  1984.year = 0
 (10)  1985.year = 0
 (11)  1986.year = 0
 (12)  1987.year = 0
 (13)  1988.year = 0
 (14)  1989.year = 0
 (15)  1990.year = 0
 (16)  1991.year = 0
 (17)  1992.year = 0
 (18)  1993.year = 0
 (19)  1994.year = 0
 (20)  1995.year = 0
 (21)  1996.year = 0
 (22)  1997.year = 0
 (23)  1998.year = 0
 (24)  1999.year = 0
 (25)  2000.year = 0
 (26)  2001.year = 0
 (27)  2002.year = 0
 (28)  2003.year = 0
 (29)  2004.year = 0
 (30)  2005.year = 0
 (31)  2006.year = 0
 (32)  2007.year = 0
 (33)  2008.year = 0
 (34)  2009.year = 0
 (35)  2010.year = 0
 (36)  2011.year = 0
 (37)  2012.year = 0
 (38)  2013.year = 0
 (39)  2014.year = 0
 (40)  2015.year = 0
 (41)  2016.year = 0

           chi2( 41) =  104.16
         Prob > chi2 =    0.0000

. testparm i.countryid i.year

 ( 1)  5.countryid = 0
 ( 2)  9.countryid = 0
 ( 3)  10.countryid = 0
 ( 4)  11.countryid = 0
 ( 5)  12.countryid = 0
 ( 6)  13.countryid = 0
 ( 7)  15.countryid = 0
 ( 8)  21.countryid = 0
 ( 9)  24.countryid = 0
 (10)  25.countryid = 0
 (11)  26.countryid = 0
 (12)  27.countryid = 0
 (13)  29.countryid = 0
 (14)  30.countryid = 0
 (15)  32.countryid = 0
 (16)  36.countryid = 0
 (17)  37.countryid = 0
 (18)  38.countryid = 0
 (19)  39.countryid = 0
 (20)  41.countryid = 0
 (21)  42.countryid = 0
 (22)  43.countryid = 0
 (23)  44.countryid = 0
 (24)  45.countryid = 0
 (25)  46.countryid = 0
 (26)  49.countryid = 0
 (27)  51.countryid = 0
 (28)  52.countryid = 0
 (29)  53.countryid = 0
 (30)  54.countryid = 0
 (31)  55.countryid = 0
 (32)  56.countryid = 0
 (33)  57.countryid = 0
 (34)  59.countryid = 0
 (35)  60.countryid = 0
 (36)  61.countryid = 0
 (37)  63.countryid = 0
 (38)  64.countryid = 0
 (39)  65.countryid = 0
 (40)  66.countryid = 0
 (41)  67.countryid = 0
 (42)  68.countryid = 0
 (43)  70.countryid = 0
 (44)  71.countryid = 0
 (45)  72.countryid = 0
 (46)  73.countryid = 0
 (47)  74.countryid = 0
 (48)  75.countryid = 0
 (49)  76.countryid = 0
 (50)  78.countryid = 0
 (51)  80.countryid = 0
 (52)  81.countryid = 0
 (53)  82.countryid = 0
 (54)  86.countryid = 0
 (55)  92.countryid = 0
 (56)  93.countryid = 0
 (57)  1976.year = 0
 (58)  1977.year = 0
 (59)  1978.year = 0
 (60)  1979.year = 0
 (61)  1980.year = 0
 (62)  1981.year = 0
 (63)  1982.year = 0
 (64)  1983.year = 0
 (65)  1984.year = 0
 (66)  1985.year = 0
 (67)  1986.year = 0
 (68)  1987.year = 0
 (69)  1988.year = 0
 (70)  1989.year = 0
 (71)  1990.year = 0
 (72)  1991.year = 0
 (73)  1992.year = 0
 (74)  1993.year = 0
 (75)  1994.year = 0
 (76)  1995.year = 0
 (77)  1996.year = 0
 (78)  1997.year = 0
 (79)  1998.year = 0
 (80)  1999.year = 0
 (81)  2000.year = 0
 (82)  2001.year = 0
 (83)  2002.year = 0
 (84)  2003.year = 0
 (85)  2004.year = 0
 (86)  2005.year = 0
 (87)  2006.year = 0
 (88)  2007.year = 0
 (89)  2008.year = 0
 (90)  2009.year = 0
 (91)  2010.year = 0
 (92)  2011.year = 0
 (93)  2012.year = 0
 (94)  2013.year = 0
 (95)  2014.year = 0
 (96)  2015.year = 0
 (97)  2016.year = 0

           chi2( 97) =  169.99
         Prob > chi2 =    0.0000

. 
. * (5) PSCE
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.countr
> yid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1569
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(104)    =     190.66
Estimated coefficients     =       105          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
            lnpolconv |   3.045397   1.700428     1.79   0.073    -.2873807    6.378174
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.786065   10.82417     0.63   0.531    -14.42892    28.00105
           regimedum2 |  -2.074784   3.960364    -0.52   0.600    -9.836954    5.687386
           regimedum3 |   1.799677   5.122182     0.35   0.725    -8.239615    11.83897
           regimedum4 |  -.3592689   3.980237    -0.09   0.928     -8.16039    7.441852
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.440457   5.844675    -1.44   0.149    -19.89581    3.014895
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6877735    .428409    -1.61   0.108     -1.52744    .1518926
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -20.57011   16.46335    -1.25   0.212    -52.83769    11.69747
                   9  |  -.9655123   18.52854    -0.05   0.958    -37.28078    35.34975
                  10  |  -22.31975   16.47157    -1.36   0.175    -54.60343    9.963926
                  11  |  -19.62761   16.30956    -1.20   0.229    -51.59375    12.33854
                  12  |  -26.96705    16.1283    -1.67   0.095    -58.57794    4.643839
                  13  |  -56.81601   17.94376    -3.17   0.002    -91.98513    -21.6469
                  15  |  -10.44466   22.45764    -0.47   0.642    -54.46082     33.5715
                  21  |   -29.4095   16.77871    -1.75   0.080    -62.29517    3.476156
                  24  |  -28.75417   24.76607    -1.16   0.246    -77.29478    19.78643
                  25  |  -29.44006   16.49472    -1.78   0.074    -61.76913    2.889007
                  26  |  -4.342426   19.74378    -0.22   0.826    -43.03953    34.35468
                  27  |  -26.52957   16.17892    -1.64   0.101    -58.23967    5.180541
                  29  |  -28.72396   16.48115    -1.74   0.081    -61.02641    3.578494
                  30  |    -16.399   16.06161    -1.02   0.307    -47.87919    15.08118
                  32  |  -25.91561   16.00417    -1.62   0.105    -57.28321    5.451993
                  36  |  -18.76297   22.29194    -0.84   0.400    -62.45437    24.92843
                  37  |  -2.634848   22.19651    -0.12   0.906     -46.1392     40.8695
                  38  |  -9.786672   18.76768    -0.52   0.602    -46.57064     26.9973
                  39  |  -26.33457   16.07812    -1.64   0.101    -57.84711    5.177967
                  41  |  -7.571015   26.15943    -0.29   0.772    -58.84256    43.70053
                  42  |   -16.0508    18.9533    -0.85   0.397    -53.19859    21.09699
                  43  |  -22.56036   17.18918    -1.31   0.189    -56.25053    11.12981
                  44  |  -22.44607    16.1312    -1.39   0.164    -54.06265    9.170503
                  45  |  -24.97313   16.03564    -1.56   0.119    -56.40242     6.45615
                  46  |  -30.60648   16.80636    -1.82   0.069    -63.54633    2.333373
                  49  |  -10.97804   19.87814    -0.55   0.581    -49.93848    27.98241
                  51  |  -5.212516   18.12073    -0.29   0.774    -40.72849    30.30346
                  52  |  -20.50264   18.10138    -1.13   0.257     -55.9807    14.97542
                  53  |   -20.5827   17.65876    -1.17   0.244    -55.19324    14.02784
                  54  |  -19.74572   16.96705    -1.16   0.245    -53.00053     13.5091
                  55  |  -7.808749   20.64629    -0.38   0.705    -48.27473    32.65723
                  56  |  -23.63369   16.77602    -1.41   0.159    -56.51408    9.246696
                  57  |  -22.88638   16.25379    -1.41   0.159    -54.74323    8.970458
                  59  |  -29.09499   16.21686    -1.79   0.073    -60.87945    2.689465
                  60  |  -23.34004   16.68299    -1.40   0.162    -56.03809    9.358015
                  61  |  -17.56364   17.58469    -1.00   0.318      -52.029    16.90173
                  63  |   66.40671   50.51266     1.31   0.189    -32.59629    165.4097
                  64  |  -19.35161   17.74278    -1.09   0.275    -54.12681    15.42359
                  65  |  -20.50129   16.24558    -1.26   0.207    -52.34205    11.33946
                  66  |  -19.17047   16.71466    -1.15   0.251    -51.93061    13.58967
                  67  |  -17.03989   17.93239    -0.95   0.342    -52.18673    18.10694
                  68  |  -23.25286   16.81469    -1.38   0.167    -56.20905    9.703333
                  70  |   -26.6951   16.16019    -1.65   0.099     -58.3685    4.978289
                  71  |  -11.05551   16.62859    -0.66   0.506    -43.64695    21.53593
                  72  |   -31.6453   17.86002    -1.77   0.076    -66.65029    3.359688
                  73  |  -24.65455   16.44854    -1.50   0.134    -56.89309    7.583998
                  74  |  -25.16952   16.29854    -1.54   0.123    -57.11407    6.775027
                  75  |  -22.87995   16.51712    -1.39   0.166     -55.2529    9.493005
                  76  |  -22.49044   18.00164    -1.25   0.212    -57.77301    12.79213
                  78  |   -20.8127    16.1654    -1.29   0.198     -52.4963     10.8709
                  80  |   .9495232    33.4215     0.03   0.977    -64.55542    66.45446
                  81  |  -25.75398   15.95453    -1.61   0.106    -57.02428    5.516327
                  82  |  -24.73925   16.26906    -1.52   0.128    -56.62602    7.147516
                  86  |  -25.20314   16.23758    -1.55   0.121    -57.02822    6.621936
                  92  |  -32.62429   16.99537    -1.92   0.055    -65.93461    .6860253
                  93  |  -23.81957   16.05618    -1.48   0.138     -55.2891    7.649963
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -11.19375   7.621231    -1.47   0.142    -26.13109     3.74359
                1977  |  -10.37167   8.617792    -1.20   0.229    -27.26224     6.51889
                1978  |   -4.00032   7.663362    -0.52   0.602    -19.02023    11.01959
                1979  |   1.769488   7.805999     0.23   0.821    -13.52999    17.06897
                1980  |  -17.78051   7.568622    -2.35   0.019    -32.61474   -2.946288
                1981  |  -19.95383   7.414478    -2.69   0.007    -34.48594   -5.421717
                1982  |  -17.54204   8.158042    -2.15   0.032    -33.53151   -1.552572
                1983  |  -20.05794     7.8864    -2.54   0.011      -35.515   -4.600879
                1984  |  -16.03159   7.692427    -2.08   0.037    -31.10847   -.9547115
                1985  |  -20.06124   7.445838    -2.69   0.007    -34.65482   -5.467667
                1986  |  -2.077833   7.602763    -0.27   0.785    -16.97897    12.82331
                1987  |  -3.305523   7.130308    -0.46   0.643    -17.28067    10.66962
                1988  |  -1.584403   6.822867    -0.23   0.816    -14.95698    11.78817
                1989  |  -5.171574   6.896147    -0.75   0.453    -18.68777    8.344626
                1990  |  -2.400165   6.789627    -0.35   0.724    -15.70759    10.90726
                1991  |  -13.49688   6.724054    -2.01   0.045    -26.67578    -.317975
                1992  |  -14.34813   6.975531    -2.06   0.040    -28.01992   -.6763366
                1993  |   3.213774   7.006952     0.46   0.646     -10.5196    16.94715
                1994  |  -.7453172   7.864611    -0.09   0.924    -16.15967    14.66904
                1995  |  -4.880818   7.792706    -0.63   0.531    -20.15424     10.3926
                1996  |  -11.98795   7.439868    -1.61   0.107    -26.56982    2.593928
                1997  |  -15.99427   7.673858    -2.08   0.037    -31.03475    -.953783
                1998  |   -20.7919   7.455653    -2.79   0.005    -35.40471    -6.17909
                1999  |  -23.06225   7.890298    -2.92   0.003    -38.52695   -7.597554
                2000  |  -8.536299     7.9819    -1.07   0.285    -24.18054    7.107937
                2001  |   -19.6061   7.810359    -2.51   0.012    -34.91413   -4.298082
                2002  |  -16.23445   7.811039    -2.08   0.038    -31.54381   -.9250961
                2003  |  -9.379193   7.417889    -1.26   0.206    -23.91799    5.159602
                2004  |  -7.987605    7.25498    -1.10   0.271     -22.2071    6.231894
                2005  |  -4.742707    7.28857    -0.65   0.515    -19.02804    9.542627
                2006  |  -6.762911   7.432586    -0.91   0.363    -21.33051     7.80469
                2007  |  -11.41764   7.666967    -1.49   0.136    -26.44462    3.609342
                2008  |  -10.83452    7.84096    -1.38   0.167    -26.20252    4.533481
                2009  |  -34.04759   7.843084    -4.34   0.000    -49.41975   -18.67543
                2010  |   3.534664   8.372754     0.42   0.673    -12.87563    19.94496
                2011  |   -17.0131   7.969619    -2.13   0.033    -32.63327   -1.392939
                2012  |  -12.75973    7.97644    -1.60   0.110    -28.39327    2.873802
                2013  |  -24.41572    8.19095    -2.98   0.003    -40.46969   -8.361752
                2014  |  -20.05233   8.614007    -2.33   0.020    -36.93547   -3.169182
                2015  |  -22.94968   8.715446    -2.63   0.008    -40.03164   -5.867718
                2016  |  -24.31608   9.006016    -2.70   0.007    -41.96754    -6.66461
                      |
                _cons |   31.96309   18.17736     1.76   0.079    -3.663884    67.59006
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0944458
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est5 stored)

. 
. * (6) Two-way Clustered SEs
. eststo: reghdfe chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4  rpt_for_elt c
> hcpi_w005e if main_sample==1, absorb(countryid year) cluster(countryid year)
(MWFE estimator converged in 8 iterations)
Warning: VCV matrix was non-positive semi-definite; adjustment from Cameron, Gelbach & Miller applied.
warning: missing F statistic; dropped variables due to collinearity or too few clusters

HDFE Linear regression                            Number of obs   =      1,069
Absorbing 2 HDFE groups                           F(   9,     41) =          .
Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity           Prob > F        =          .
                                                  R-squared       =     0.1736
                                                  Adj R-squared   =     0.0816
Number of clusters (countryid) =         57       Within R-sq.    =     0.0125
Number of clusters (year)    =         42         Root MSE        =    31.1490

                                 (Std. Err. adjusted for 42 clusters in countryid year)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -22.21091   8.289908    -2.68   0.011    -38.95272   -5.469103
         eltlnpolconv |   5.533864   2.079423     2.66   0.011     1.334385    9.733344
            lnpolconv |   .0600028   1.992052     0.03   0.976    -3.963027    4.083033
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   8.549256   9.817645     0.87   0.389    -11.27788    28.37639
           regimedum2 |  -1.549136   2.605813    -0.59   0.555    -6.811682     3.71341
           regimedum3 |   2.241741   4.784107     0.47   0.642    -7.419959    11.90344
           regimedum4 |   .0792647    3.55038     0.02   0.982    -7.090874    7.249403
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.123133   4.855084    -1.88   0.067    -18.92817    .6819085
          chcpi_w005e |   -.724663   .4579082    -1.58   0.121    -1.649427    .2001014
                _cons |   9.659238    7.62925     1.27   0.213    -5.748344    25.06682
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Absorbed degrees of freedom:
-----------------------------------------------------+
 Absorbed FE | Categories  - Redundant  = Num. Coefs |
-------------+---------------------------------------|
   countryid |        57          57           0    *|
        year |        42          42           0    *|
-----------------------------------------------------+
* = FE nested within cluster; treated as redundant for DoF computation
(est6 stored)

. 
. * (7) Driscoll-Kraay
. eststo: xtscc chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4  rpt_for_elt chc
> pi_w005e i.year if main_sample==1, fe

Regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors   Number of obs     =      1069
Method: Fixed-effects regression                 Number of groups  =        57
Group variable (i): countryid                    F( 50,    41)     =  2.85e+07
maximum lag: 3                                   Prob > F          =    0.0000
                                                 within R-squared  =    0.0873

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |             Drisc/Kraay
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -22.21091   9.758275    -2.28   0.028    -41.91815   -2.503676
         eltlnpolconv |   5.533864   2.565246     2.16   0.037     .3532446    10.71448
            lnpolconv |   .0600028   1.756975     0.03   0.973    -3.488281    3.608287
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   8.549256   9.500146     0.90   0.373    -10.63668    27.73519
           regimedum2 |  -1.549136   2.365074    -0.66   0.516    -6.325501    3.227228
           regimedum3 |   2.241741    4.87559     0.46   0.648    -7.604712    12.08819
           regimedum4 |   .0792647   4.051648     0.02   0.984    -8.103205    8.261735
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.123133    5.46782    -1.67   0.103    -20.16562    1.919354
          chcpi_w005e |   -.724663   .3916451    -1.85   0.071    -1.515606    .0662803
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (omitted)
                1975  |    9.27416   2.091511     4.43   0.000     5.050268    13.49805
                1976  |  -.2262449   1.101157    -0.21   0.838    -2.450077    1.997587
                1977  |          0  (omitted)
                1978  |   4.981696   2.376446     2.10   0.042      .182367    9.781026
                1979  |   9.513462   1.864469     5.10   0.000      5.74809    13.27883
                1980  |  -10.80725   2.811929    -3.84   0.000    -16.48606   -5.128447
                1981  |  -10.25049   1.721923    -5.95   0.000    -13.72798   -6.772994
                1982  |  -7.504311   1.468186    -5.11   0.000    -10.46937    -4.53925
                1983  |  -10.68467   1.470126    -7.27   0.000    -13.65365   -7.715691
                1984  |  -6.385737   1.450176    -4.40   0.000    -9.314427   -3.457046
                1985  |  -10.42399   1.459325    -7.14   0.000    -13.37116   -7.476827
                1986  |   6.876904   1.453272     4.73   0.000     3.941961    9.811847
                1987  |    5.77527    1.69404     3.41   0.001     2.354087    9.196452
                1988  |   7.313856   2.032037     3.60   0.001     3.210074    11.41764
                1989  |   4.312346   1.552293     2.78   0.008     1.177426    7.447266
                1990  |   7.543723   2.152392     3.50   0.001      3.19688    11.89057
                1991  |  -5.341941   1.980508    -2.70   0.010    -9.341658   -1.342224
                1992  |  -4.069088   1.878641    -2.17   0.036     -7.86308   -.2750964
                1993  |   13.44381   1.965834     6.84   0.000     9.473724    17.41389
                1994  |   8.879054   2.267195     3.92   0.000     4.300361    13.45775
                1995  |    4.28434   2.523212     1.70   0.097    -.8113894     9.38007
                1996  |  -1.600899    2.63214    -0.61   0.546    -6.916613    3.714815
                1997  |  -5.870915   2.687536    -2.18   0.035     -11.2985   -.4433263
                1998  |  -10.57433   2.448534    -4.32   0.000    -15.51924   -5.629413
                1999  |  -12.20343   2.128553    -5.73   0.000    -16.50213   -7.904729
                2000  |    1.65129   2.214632     0.75   0.460     -2.82125    6.123829
                2001  |  -10.04628   2.485964    -4.04   0.000    -15.06679   -5.025778
                2002  |  -6.811581   2.683589    -2.54   0.015     -12.2312   -1.391963
                2003  |    .691872   2.287359     0.30   0.764    -3.927544    5.311288
                2004  |   1.562846   2.736246     0.57   0.571    -3.963114    7.088807
                2005  |   4.673852   2.590004     1.80   0.078    -.5567667    9.904471
                2006  |   2.640239   3.033587     0.87   0.389    -3.486215    8.766693
                2007  |  -2.349311   2.938435    -0.80   0.429    -8.283601     3.58498
                2008  |  -1.423495   3.230062    -0.44   0.662    -7.946737    5.099747
                2009  |  -24.60334    3.18488    -7.73   0.000    -31.03534   -18.17135
                2010  |    13.0245   3.500715     3.72   0.001     5.954659    20.09433
                2011  |  -7.160902   3.304616    -2.17   0.036    -13.83471    -.487094
                2012  |  -3.405938   3.313863    -1.03   0.310    -10.09842    3.286543
                2013  |  -13.59679   2.908702    -4.67   0.000    -19.47103   -7.722544
                2014  |  -10.31051   3.420061    -3.01   0.004    -17.21746   -3.403554
                2015  |  -13.05008   3.281795    -3.98   0.000     -19.6778   -6.422361
                2016  |  -14.26131   3.241575    -4.40   0.000     -20.8078   -7.714814
                2017  |          0  (omitted)
                2018  |          0  (omitted)
                      |
                _cons |   12.89181   7.259629     1.78   0.083    -1.769311    27.55292
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(est7 stored)

. 
. * (8) PSCE, Interest Rate
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e  elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chrealinterest_w005e chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regi
> medum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1) 

Number of gaps in sample:  15
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =        810
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         54
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          3
                                                              avg =         15
                                                              max =         40
Estimated covariances      =        54          R-squared         =     0.2142
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(104)    =     180.75
Estimated coefficients     =       105          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -21.74373   9.703604    -2.24   0.025    -40.76244   -2.725014
         eltlnpolconv |   5.477432   2.375865     2.31   0.021     .8208208    10.13404
            lnpolconv |  -4.784163   2.124195    -2.25   0.024    -8.947509   -.6208172
 chrealinterest_w005e |  -.4345249   .1706345    -2.55   0.011    -.7689623   -.1000874
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   19.30887    13.9638     1.38   0.167    -8.059669    46.67741
           regimedum2 |  -6.002523   4.505092    -1.33   0.183    -14.83234    2.827295
           regimedum3 |  -1.010172   4.277448    -0.24   0.813    -9.393816    7.373471
           regimedum4 |  -1.213436   3.809767    -0.32   0.750    -8.680442    6.253569
          rpt_for_elt |  -4.832244   8.345917    -0.58   0.563    -21.18994    11.52545
          chcpi_w005e |   1.119474    1.04036     1.08   0.282    -.9195938    3.158542
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -33.44643   19.78767    -1.69   0.091    -72.22954    5.336694
                   9  |  -40.03679    21.8329    -1.83   0.067    -82.82849    2.754912
                  10  |  -31.98381   19.76221    -1.62   0.106    -70.71703    6.749418
                  11  |  -29.13878   19.56058    -1.49   0.136    -67.47681    9.199252
                  12  |  -35.51743   19.56517    -1.82   0.069    -73.86445      2.8296
                  13  |  -60.44009   25.12735    -2.41   0.016    -109.6888    -11.1914
                  15  |  -17.50209   24.86821    -0.70   0.482    -66.24289     31.2387
                  21  |  -43.02237   20.59857    -2.09   0.037    -83.39482   -2.649924
                  24  |   -38.8453   23.97691    -1.62   0.105    -85.83917    8.148573
                  25  |  -32.79949   20.37652    -1.61   0.107    -72.73674    7.137754
                  26  |  -2.946195   23.03574    -0.13   0.898    -48.09541    42.20302
                  27  |   -33.1573   19.46564    -1.70   0.088    -71.30924    4.994646
                  32  |  -34.68105   19.74103    -1.76   0.079    -73.37277    4.010667
                  36  |  -7.033626   28.58697    -0.25   0.806    -63.06305     48.9958
                  37  |  -32.78748   21.20137    -1.55   0.122    -74.34141    8.766446
                  39  |  -32.41303   19.42554    -1.67   0.095     -70.4864    5.660333
                  41  |  -37.33827   22.81857    -1.64   0.102    -82.06184    7.385301
                  42  |  -25.74861   21.84559    -1.18   0.239    -68.56519    17.06797
                  43  |  -36.44227   20.09579    -1.81   0.070    -75.82929    2.944763
                  44  |  -29.40731   19.50658    -1.51   0.132     -67.6395    8.824884
                  45  |  -31.44771   19.46565    -1.62   0.106    -69.59969    6.704269
                  46  |  -43.41232   20.34107    -2.13   0.033    -83.28008   -3.544561
                  49  |  -23.67409   22.61601    -1.05   0.295    -68.00065    20.65248
                  51  |  -18.25893   21.03784    -0.87   0.385    -59.49234    22.97447
                  52  |  -24.37947   20.92648    -1.17   0.244    -65.39462    16.63567
                  53  |  -37.33747   20.38916    -1.83   0.067    -77.29948    2.624539
                  54  |  -36.68304   20.42882    -1.80   0.073    -76.72278    3.356704
                  55  |  -17.36045   22.46195    -0.77   0.440    -61.38506    26.66416
                  56  |  -31.98383   19.98886    -1.60   0.110    -71.16128    7.193621
                  57  |  -35.02733     19.616    -1.79   0.074    -73.47398    3.419328
                  59  |   -34.9317   19.54052    -1.79   0.074    -73.23042    3.367016
                  60  |  -32.26222    20.1135    -1.60   0.109    -71.68396    7.159517
                  61  |  -29.83588   21.31376    -1.40   0.162    -71.61008    11.93832
                  63  |   53.37876   50.93929     1.05   0.295    -46.46041    153.2179
                  64  |  -25.94833   20.92129    -1.24   0.215    -66.95331    15.05666
                  65  |   -34.5742   19.86634    -1.74   0.082    -73.51152    4.363115
                  66  |  -28.97874   19.87371    -1.46   0.145    -67.93049    9.973013
                  67  |   -25.3804   20.23744    -1.25   0.210    -65.04505    14.28426
                  68  |  -33.42647   20.10402    -1.66   0.096    -72.82962    5.976676
                  70  |  -34.66787   19.92891    -1.74   0.082    -73.72783    4.392083
                  71  |  -29.77007   19.93107    -1.49   0.135    -68.83426    9.294113
                  72  |  -42.51819   21.04637    -2.02   0.043    -83.76831   -1.268071
                  73  |  -36.18635   20.28703    -1.78   0.074    -75.94821    3.575499
                  74  |  -37.41357   19.76172    -1.89   0.058    -76.14583    1.318686
                  75  |  -32.23666   19.76067    -1.63   0.103    -70.96687     6.49354
                  76  |  -34.78912   29.08606    -1.20   0.232    -91.79676    22.21851
                  78  |  -31.00749   19.89978    -1.56   0.119    -70.01034    7.995356
                  80  |  -10.04441   34.80182    -0.29   0.773    -78.25472    58.16591
                  81  |  -36.34726   19.40622    -1.87   0.061    -74.38276    1.688244
                  82  |   -36.7005    19.8183    -1.85   0.064    -75.54366    2.142657
                  86  |  -34.46288   19.56229    -1.76   0.078    -72.80427    3.878504
                  92  |  -35.76361    20.0664    -1.78   0.075    -75.09303    3.565807
                  93  |  -32.85107    19.4063    -1.69   0.090    -70.88671    5.184576
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -11.78657   14.47212    -0.81   0.415    -40.15139    16.57826
                1977  |  -11.80838   15.43905    -0.76   0.444    -42.06837    18.45161
                1978  |  -11.77979   13.83971    -0.85   0.395    -38.90513    15.34554
                1979  |  -20.13165    13.3985    -1.50   0.133    -46.39222    6.128915
                1980  |  -8.454734   13.10892    -0.64   0.519    -34.14775    17.23829
                1981  |  -28.18117   14.03839    -2.01   0.045    -55.69591   -.6664289
                1982  |  -18.91493   13.55215    -1.40   0.163    -45.47665    7.646792
                1983  |   -21.1095   12.71812    -1.66   0.097    -46.03655    3.817555
                1984  |  -7.387649   12.38575    -0.60   0.551    -31.66328    16.88798
                1985  |  -18.78296   12.51374    -1.50   0.133    -43.30944    5.743512
                1986  |  -1.627098   12.93259    -0.13   0.900    -26.97452    23.72032
                1987  |  -5.731235   12.48313    -0.46   0.646    -30.19771    18.73524
                1988  |  -4.057267   12.22586    -0.33   0.740    -28.01951    19.90498
                1989  |     -5.191   12.32997    -0.42   0.674    -29.35729    18.97529
                1990  |  -4.203979   12.30451    -0.34   0.733    -28.32037    19.91241
                1991  |   -15.7817   12.11929    -1.30   0.193    -39.53507    7.971675
                1992  |  -12.19934   12.16057    -1.00   0.316    -36.03361    11.63493
                1993  |   9.944871   12.50227     0.80   0.426    -14.55912    34.44886
                1994  |   4.149866   13.07427     0.32   0.751    -21.47524    29.77497
                1995  |  -11.40193   13.05396    -0.87   0.382    -36.98722    14.18336
                1996  |  -17.60996   12.18961    -1.44   0.149    -41.50116    6.281244
                1997  |  -9.177044   12.22597    -0.75   0.453     -33.1395    14.78541
                1998  |  -18.57665   12.03631    -1.54   0.123    -42.16738    5.014086
                1999  |  -20.58132    12.1866    -1.69   0.091    -44.46661    3.303966
                2000  |  -10.51768   12.49456    -0.84   0.400    -35.00657    13.97121
                2001  |   -16.2766   12.32526    -1.32   0.187    -40.43366     7.88047
                2002  |  -9.069296    12.5065    -0.73   0.468    -33.58159      15.443
                2003  |  -14.78881   12.43476    -1.19   0.234    -39.16049    9.582867
                2004  |  -9.310527   12.07615    -0.77   0.441    -32.97935    14.35829
                2005  |  -4.707943   12.07389    -0.39   0.697    -28.37233    18.95644
                2006  |  -8.935936     12.107    -0.74   0.460    -32.66521    14.79334
                2007  |  -13.49379   12.36481    -1.09   0.275    -37.72837    10.74079
                2008  |  -13.80869    12.6045    -1.10   0.273    -38.51306    10.89568
                2009  |  -32.71077    12.5453    -2.61   0.009     -57.2991   -8.122435
                2010  |   4.040414   12.99035     0.31   0.756     -21.4202    29.50103
                2011  |  -16.90813   12.85114    -1.32   0.188    -42.09589    8.279637
                2012  |  -12.67947   12.88402    -0.98   0.325    -37.93169    12.57274
                2013  |  -23.49444   13.25901    -1.77   0.076    -49.48163    2.492749
                2014  |  -19.53681   13.13096    -1.49   0.137    -45.27301    6.199397
                2015  |  -22.82965   13.10196    -1.74   0.081    -48.50903    2.849727
                2016  |  -22.61345   13.25822    -1.71   0.088    -48.59908    3.372172
                      |
                _cons |   71.90931   24.72904     2.91   0.004     23.44129    120.3773
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0904719
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est8 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table 1.rtf", title("Table 1. Institutional Constraints on the Executive and Electoral Investment Cycles"
> ) mtitles("Pooled OLS" "Pooled OLS" "PSCE" "PSCE" "PSCE" "Two-way slustered SEs" "Driscoll-Kraay" "PSCE, Interest Rate")  se(a) label 
>  nogap onecell compress  keep(elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 r
> pt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  chrealinterest_w005e) order(elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum4 r
> egimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt  chcpi_w005e chrealinterest_w005e) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
(output written to ./working data/Table 1.rtf)

. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Table 2. Alternative Measures of Institutional Constraints
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * (1) ln XCONST
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnxconst lnxconst chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi
> _w005e i.countryid i.year  if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  23
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,057
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =   18.54386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1675
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     196.64
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -44.63008   18.43653    -2.42   0.015    -80.76502   -8.495133
          eltlnxconst |   24.10554   10.01264     2.41   0.016     4.481114    43.72996
             lnxconst |  -28.75812   7.580045    -3.79   0.000    -43.61474    -13.9015
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.437949   10.78414     0.60   0.551    -14.69857    27.57447
           regimedum2 |  -.9799161   4.161098    -0.24   0.814    -9.135518    7.175686
           regimedum3 |   3.011994   5.259327     0.57   0.567    -7.296098    13.32009
           regimedum4 |   1.239118   4.047397     0.31   0.759    -6.693634    9.171871
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.315211   5.857767    -1.42   0.156    -19.79622    3.165801
          chcpi_w005e |  -.5229597   .4481932    -1.17   0.243    -1.401402    .3554828
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -25.57955   16.26821    -1.57   0.116    -57.46466     6.30556
                   9  |  -19.19858   17.33993    -1.11   0.268    -53.18422    14.78707
                  10  |   -18.6642   16.22154    -1.15   0.250    -50.45784    13.12945
                  11  |  -16.41638   16.04061    -1.02   0.306     -47.8554    15.02263
                  12  |  -24.94169   15.81446    -1.58   0.115    -55.93747    6.054086
                  13  |  -48.95678   17.68906    -2.77   0.006     -83.6267   -14.28686
                  15  |  -7.343893   22.14857    -0.33   0.740     -50.7543    36.06651
                  21  |  -25.09197   16.53046    -1.52   0.129    -57.49107    7.307126
                  24  |   -33.1433   24.27777    -1.37   0.172    -80.72685    14.44025
                  25  |  -20.22122   16.23678    -1.25   0.213    -52.04472    11.60228
                  26  |   -8.27555   19.67967    -0.42   0.674    -46.84698    30.29588
                  27  |  -21.80564   15.92128    -1.37   0.171    -53.01079    9.399497
                  29  |  -28.92943   16.17433    -1.79   0.074    -60.63055    2.771683
                  30  |  -27.88133    16.1517    -1.73   0.084    -59.53807    3.775409
                  32  |  -28.78613   15.76039    -1.83   0.068    -59.67593    2.103664
                  36  |  -19.69896   22.41992    -0.88   0.380     -63.6412    24.24328
                  37  |  -6.001475    21.9632    -0.27   0.785    -49.04856    37.04561
                  38  |  -13.81623   18.43159    -0.75   0.453    -49.94149    22.30903
                  39  |  -30.14938   15.91908    -1.89   0.058    -61.35019    1.051441
                  41  |  -10.64799   26.66134    -0.40   0.690    -62.90324    41.60727
                  42  |  -19.04991   18.73854    -1.02   0.309    -55.77678    17.67697
                  43  |  -26.44719   16.89014    -1.57   0.117    -59.55126    6.656887
                  44  |  -24.66827   15.90817    -1.55   0.121     -55.8477    6.511163
                  45  |  -18.59064   15.78723    -1.18   0.239    -49.53304    12.35176
                  46  |  -26.72333   16.54361    -1.62   0.106    -59.14821    5.701541
                  49  |   -9.35475   19.57027    -0.48   0.633    -47.71178    29.00228
                  51  |  -6.419512   17.72966    -0.36   0.717    -41.16901    28.32999
                  52  |  -18.29519   17.72356    -1.03   0.302    -53.03273    16.44234
                  53  |  -21.36953    17.3502    -1.23   0.218    -55.37531    12.63624
                  54  |  -18.62817   16.68627    -1.12   0.264    -51.33267    14.07632
                  55  |  -10.03175   19.96015    -0.50   0.615    -49.15292    29.08941
                  56  |  -27.05574   16.52766    -1.64   0.102    -59.44936    5.337887
                  57  |  -26.65325   15.94745    -1.67   0.095    -57.90967    4.603165
                  59  |   -21.2613   15.95935    -1.33   0.183    -52.54105    10.01845
                  60  |   -17.6903   16.41501    -1.08   0.281    -49.86313    14.48253
                  61  |  -10.34615   17.33304    -0.60   0.551    -44.31829    23.62599
                  63  |   57.97106   48.68094     1.19   0.234    -37.44183    153.3839
                  64  |  -22.25268   17.64248    -1.26   0.207    -56.83131    12.32594
                  65  |  -19.82655   15.98232    -1.24   0.215    -51.15132    11.49822
                  66  |  -15.44638   16.39391    -0.94   0.346    -47.57786     16.6851
                  67  |  -18.76155   17.70531    -1.06   0.289    -53.46332    15.94021
                  68  |  -18.93225   16.58007    -1.14   0.254    -51.42858    13.56409
                  70  |  -24.37101   15.91073    -1.53   0.126    -55.55547    6.813447
                  71  |  -10.75814   16.39344    -0.66   0.512     -42.8887    21.37242
                  72  |  -31.30746   17.55322    -1.78   0.074    -65.71115    3.096218
                  73  |  -24.93226   16.28135    -1.53   0.126    -56.84312    6.978606
                  74  |  -24.08773    16.0751    -1.50   0.134    -55.59435    7.418877
                  75  |   -18.5441   16.23804    -1.14   0.253    -50.37007    13.28186
                  76  |  -30.55302   18.55037    -1.65   0.100    -66.91109    5.805036
                  78  |   -24.5587   15.92991    -1.54   0.123    -55.78075    6.663357
                  80  |   .8097946   33.05598     0.02   0.980    -63.97874    65.59833
                  81  |  -20.67317   15.74862    -1.31   0.189     -51.5399    10.19356
                  82  |  -26.54082    16.0469    -1.65   0.098    -57.99216     4.91052
                  86  |  -27.93942   16.03682    -1.74   0.081    -59.37102    3.492181
                  92  |  -33.00149   16.79413    -1.97   0.049    -65.91739   -.0855985
                  93  |  -18.56117   15.84457    -1.17   0.241    -49.61597    12.49362
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -9.514181   7.843872    -1.21   0.225    -24.88789    5.859525
                1977  |  -9.353034   8.937531    -1.05   0.295    -26.87027    8.164204
                1978  |  -5.661232   7.870876    -0.72   0.472    -21.08786    9.765401
                1979  |  -1.051079   7.934289    -0.13   0.895      -16.602    14.49984
                1980  |  -20.87054   7.995913    -2.61   0.009    -36.54224   -5.198834
                1981  |   -19.4551   7.858854    -2.48   0.013    -34.85817   -4.052028
                1982  |  -15.90216   8.415465    -1.89   0.059    -32.39617    .5918523
                1983  |  -20.48409   8.104513    -2.53   0.011    -36.36864   -4.599533
                1984  |  -16.14934   7.933191    -2.04   0.042    -31.69811    -.600572
                1985  |  -20.21087   7.654693    -2.64   0.008    -35.21379   -5.207944
                1986  |  -2.457971   7.926607    -0.31   0.756    -17.99384    13.07789
                1987  |  -3.648845   7.337501    -0.50   0.619    -18.03008    10.73239
                1988  |  -.6635764   7.018106    -0.09   0.925    -14.41881    13.09166
                1989  |  -4.868783   7.187159    -0.68   0.498    -18.95536     9.21779
                1990  |  -1.824524   6.958324    -0.26   0.793    -15.46259    11.81354
                1991  |  -10.91751   6.853043    -1.59   0.111    -24.34923    2.514206
                1992  |  -14.00122   7.334772    -1.91   0.056    -28.37711    .3746725
                1993  |   5.416962   7.275678     0.74   0.457    -8.843105    19.67703
                1994  |   2.442276   8.092149     0.30   0.763    -13.41804     18.3026
                1995  |  -2.075248   7.962823    -0.26   0.794     -17.6821     13.5316
                1996  |  -9.346403    7.64354    -1.22   0.221    -24.32747     5.63466
                1997  |  -13.72285   7.831345    -1.75   0.080      -29.072    1.626303
                1998  |  -18.48807   7.604427    -2.43   0.015    -33.39247   -3.583664
                1999  |  -20.50401   8.037511    -2.55   0.011    -36.25724   -4.750778
                2000  |  -5.792167   8.190366    -0.71   0.479    -21.84499    10.26066
                2001  |  -16.29661   8.037408    -2.03   0.043    -32.04963   -.5435756
                2002  |  -13.19105   8.010272    -1.65   0.100    -28.89089    2.508797
                2003  |  -5.262415    7.60089    -0.69   0.489    -20.15989    9.635054
                2004  |   -4.62086   7.460928    -0.62   0.536    -19.24401    10.00229
                2005  |   -1.21085   7.428829    -0.16   0.871    -15.77109    13.34939
                2006  |  -2.975399    7.55879    -0.39   0.694    -17.79036    11.83956
                2007  |  -7.756811   7.740082    -1.00   0.316    -22.92709    7.413471
                2008  |  -7.722006   7.924119    -0.97   0.330    -23.25299    7.808983
                2009  |  -30.09017   7.905679    -3.81   0.000    -45.58502   -14.59532
                2010  |   6.667408    8.47555     0.79   0.431    -9.944365    23.27918
                2011  |  -13.33052   8.120867    -1.64   0.101    -29.24713    2.586084
                2012  |  -9.071884   8.090365    -1.12   0.262    -24.92871    6.784939
                2013  |  -19.72354   8.286999    -2.38   0.017    -35.96576   -3.481321
                2014  |   -16.1971   8.587086    -1.89   0.059    -33.02748    .6332824
                2015  |  -19.26306   8.726381    -2.21   0.027    -36.36646   -2.159673
                2016  |   -21.7872   9.150456    -2.38   0.017    -39.72176   -3.852635
                      |
                _cons |   90.01566   21.32777     4.22   0.000       48.214    131.8173
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0851501
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) Linear XCONST
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltxconst xconst chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w00
> 5e i.countryid i.year  if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  23
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,057
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =   18.54386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1676
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     196.42
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -28.26886    12.5569    -2.25   0.024    -52.87993    -3.65778
            eltxconst |   4.402116   1.956429     2.25   0.024     .5675862    8.236647
               xconst |  -6.000304   1.574861    -3.81   0.000    -9.086975   -2.913633
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.219346   10.76379     0.58   0.563     -14.8773      27.316
           regimedum2 |  -.8211087   4.151576    -0.20   0.843    -8.958048     7.31583
           regimedum3 |   3.011694   5.263971     0.57   0.567      -7.3055    13.32889
           regimedum4 |   1.295059   4.049617     0.32   0.749    -6.642046    9.232163
          rpt_for_elt |   -8.36902   5.831422    -1.44   0.151     -19.7984    3.060357
          chcpi_w005e |  -.5414262   .4499536    -1.20   0.229    -1.423319    .3404668
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -26.23477    16.2371    -1.62   0.106     -58.0589    5.589366
                   9  |  -19.99453   17.30532    -1.16   0.248    -53.91233    13.92328
                  10  |  -17.91128   16.18474    -1.11   0.268    -49.63279    13.81023
                  11  |  -16.26287    15.9972    -1.02   0.309     -47.6168    15.09107
                  12  |  -25.21706   15.76372    -1.60   0.110    -56.11337     5.67926
                  13  |  -47.84631   17.66752    -2.71   0.007    -82.47401   -13.21861
                  15  |   -7.59196    22.1281    -0.34   0.732    -50.96225    35.77833
                  21  |  -24.82746   16.48409    -1.51   0.132    -57.13569    7.480774
                  24  |  -34.23538   24.30914    -1.41   0.159    -81.88042    13.40965
                  25  |  -18.96972   16.21953    -1.17   0.242    -50.75941    12.81997
                  26  |  -9.253052   19.63174    -0.47   0.637    -47.73056    29.22446
                  27  |  -20.69541   15.90212    -1.30   0.193      -51.863    10.47218
                  29  |   -29.7962   16.13996    -1.85   0.065    -61.42995     1.83754
                  30  |  -28.73372   16.11767    -1.78   0.075    -60.32377    2.856333
                  32  |  -29.68729   15.72482    -1.89   0.059    -60.50737    1.132779
                  36  |  -20.63008   22.47239    -0.92   0.359    -64.67516      23.415
                  37  |  -6.750616   21.95975    -0.31   0.759    -49.79094    36.28971
                  38  |  -14.39511   18.42659    -0.78   0.435    -50.51056    21.72033
                  39  |   -30.1246   15.85397    -1.90   0.057    -61.19781    .9486126
                  41  |  -11.17497   26.69326    -0.42   0.675     -63.4928    41.14286
                  42  |  -19.96447   18.73131    -1.07   0.286    -56.67717    16.74824
                  43  |  -26.17905    16.8749    -1.55   0.121    -59.25324    6.895145
                  44  |  -25.67923   15.86809    -1.62   0.106    -56.78012    5.421653
                  45  |  -17.47527   15.75645    -1.11   0.267    -48.35734    13.40679
                  46  |  -25.62269   16.48065    -1.55   0.120    -57.92417    6.678791
                  49  |  -9.518916   19.51617    -0.49   0.626    -47.76991    28.73208
                  51  |   -6.29809   17.66699    -0.36   0.721    -40.92476    28.32858
                  52  |  -18.72132   17.68741    -1.06   0.290      -53.388    15.94537
                  53  |  -21.64625   17.30682    -1.25   0.211    -55.56698    12.27449
                  54  |  -19.03387    16.6368    -1.14   0.253     -51.6414    13.57366
                  55  |    -10.652   19.95099    -0.53   0.593    -49.75521    28.45122
                  56  |  -27.92424   16.50794    -1.69   0.091    -60.27922    4.430732
                  57  |  -27.68104   15.90268    -1.74   0.082    -58.84972     3.48763
                  59  |  -20.01503   15.93289    -1.26   0.209    -51.24292    11.21286
                  60  |  -16.45079   16.37674    -1.00   0.315    -48.54861    15.64704
                  61  |   -9.06146    17.3178    -0.52   0.601    -43.00372     24.8808
                  63  |   57.08176   48.89402     1.17   0.243    -38.74875    152.9123
                  64  |  -23.32271   17.63642    -1.32   0.186    -57.88947    11.24404
                  65  |  -20.07689   15.92763    -1.26   0.207    -51.29448     11.1407
                  66  |  -14.40655   16.36511    -0.88   0.379    -46.48158    17.66848
                  67  |  -19.31409   17.63974    -1.09   0.274    -53.88735    15.25917
                  68  |  -17.80003   16.55868    -1.07   0.282    -50.25445    14.65439
                  70  |  -24.06695   15.85919    -1.52   0.129    -55.15039    7.016484
                  71  |  -11.02387   16.33956    -0.67   0.500    -43.04883    21.00109
                  72  |   -32.2803   17.53836    -1.84   0.066    -66.65485    2.094245
                  73  |  -24.22133   16.24156    -1.49   0.136     -56.0542    7.611548
                  74  |  -24.06771   16.02516    -1.50   0.133    -55.47643    7.341022
                  75  |  -17.90548   16.20282    -1.11   0.269    -49.66242    13.85147
                  76  |  -30.89371   18.39675    -1.68   0.093    -66.95067    5.163248
                  78  |  -25.36201   15.88705    -1.60   0.110    -56.50005    5.776043
                  80  |   .5197615   33.09336     0.02   0.987    -64.34204    65.38156
                  81  |  -19.51735   15.72295    -1.24   0.214    -50.33376    11.29906
                  82  |  -27.22678   16.01132    -1.70   0.089    -58.60839    4.154826
                  86  |  -27.14963   15.96716    -1.70   0.089    -58.44469    4.145435
                  92  |  -33.71306   16.76595    -2.01   0.044    -66.57371   -.8524017
                  93  |   -17.4288   15.82127    -1.10   0.271    -48.43791    13.58032
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -9.645656   7.861418    -1.23   0.220    -25.05375    5.762439
                1977  |  -9.544719   8.980485    -1.06   0.288    -27.14615    8.056707
                1978  |  -5.942475   7.887252    -0.75   0.451     -21.4012    9.516254
                1979  |  -1.350106   7.949006    -0.17   0.865    -16.92987    14.22966
                1980  |  -21.24965    8.01829    -2.65   0.008    -36.96521   -5.534088
                1981  |  -19.83929   7.878192    -2.52   0.012    -35.28026   -4.398313
                1982  |  -16.49784   8.429667    -1.96   0.050    -33.01968     .024003
                1983  |  -20.86738   8.127319    -2.57   0.010    -36.79663   -4.938125
                1984  |  -16.47384   7.953718    -2.07   0.038    -32.06284   -.8848405
                1985  |  -20.57414   7.671487    -2.68   0.007    -35.60998   -5.538299
                1986  |  -2.957701   7.944919    -0.37   0.710    -18.52945    12.61405
                1987  |  -3.796497   7.353511    -0.52   0.606    -18.20911    10.61612
                1988  |  -.8701267   7.030274    -0.12   0.901    -14.64921    12.90896
                1989  |  -4.833475   7.197833    -0.67   0.502    -18.94097    9.274019
                1990  |  -1.967664   6.970692    -0.28   0.778    -15.62997    11.69464
                1991  |  -10.94219    6.87043    -1.59   0.111    -24.40799    2.523603
                1992  |   -14.0251   7.347683    -1.91   0.056     -28.4263     .376092
                1993  |    5.47023   7.287123     0.75   0.453    -8.812269    19.75273
                1994  |     2.2593   8.100425     0.28   0.780    -13.61724    18.13584
                1995  |  -2.185743   7.967995    -0.27   0.784    -17.80273    13.43124
                1996  |  -9.582554     7.6478    -1.25   0.210    -24.57197    5.406858
                1997  |  -13.86189    7.83242    -1.77   0.077    -29.21316    1.489367
                1998  |  -18.63757   7.606877    -2.45   0.014    -33.54678    -3.72837
                1999  |  -20.92097   8.031808    -2.60   0.009    -36.66302    -5.17891
                2000  |  -6.147637   8.190457    -0.75   0.453    -22.20064    9.905363
                2001  |  -16.54153    8.03423    -2.06   0.040    -32.28833    -.794728
                2002  |  -13.41542   8.007947    -1.68   0.094    -29.11071    2.279865
                2003  |  -5.471015   7.599046    -0.72   0.472    -20.36487    9.422841
                2004  |  -4.778241   7.463976    -0.64   0.522    -19.40737    9.850884
                2005  |  -1.311636    7.42417    -0.18   0.860    -15.86274    13.23947
                2006  |  -3.066537   7.559226    -0.41   0.685    -17.88235    11.74927
                2007  |  -7.861246   7.741785    -1.02   0.310    -23.03487    7.312373
                2008  |  -7.909425   7.915565    -1.00   0.318    -23.42365    7.604797
                2009  |  -30.26965    7.91256    -3.83   0.000    -45.77798   -14.76131
                2010  |   6.470904    8.46996     0.76   0.445    -10.12991    23.07172
                2011  |  -13.42648   8.113858    -1.65   0.098    -29.32935    2.476387
                2012  |   -9.20614   8.077144    -1.14   0.254    -25.03705    6.624771
                2013  |  -19.79355   8.289383    -2.39   0.017    -36.04044   -3.546662
                2014  |  -16.19177   8.604666    -1.88   0.060     -33.0566    .6730666
                2015  |   -19.3004   8.742931    -2.21   0.027    -36.43623   -2.164573
                2016  |  -21.94317   9.169355    -2.39   0.017    -39.91478   -3.971568
                      |
                _cons |   74.93933   19.20749     3.90   0.000     37.29333    112.5853
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0877784
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est2 stored)

. 
. * (3) ln Liberal Component Index
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnv2xlib lnv2xlib chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi
> _w005e i.countryid i.year  if  main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1566
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     192.95
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -38.56133   24.50067    -1.57   0.116    -86.58176    9.459094
          eltlnv2xlib |   8.770681   5.873637     1.49   0.135    -2.741435     20.2828
             lnv2xlib |  -3.655292   5.599521    -0.65   0.514    -14.63015    7.319568
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.582842   10.84787     0.61   0.544     -14.6786    27.84429
           regimedum2 |  -1.308139   3.922721    -0.33   0.739    -8.996531    6.380252
           regimedum3 |   2.736093    5.14043     0.53   0.595    -7.338965    12.81115
           regimedum4 |   .4608424   4.026654     0.11   0.909    -7.431255     8.35294
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.232876   5.902367    -1.39   0.163     -19.8013    3.335551
          chcpi_w005e |  -.5966341   .4407697    -1.35   0.176    -1.460527    .2672588
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -21.57089   16.90206    -1.28   0.202    -54.69832    11.55653
                   9  |   -11.0755   17.82951    -0.62   0.534     -46.0207     23.8697
                  10  |  -21.96746   16.60681    -1.32   0.186    -54.51621    10.58129
                  11  |    -17.895   16.38807    -1.09   0.275    -50.01504    14.22503
                  12  |  -24.70173   16.12201    -1.53   0.125    -56.30028    6.896826
                  13  |  -52.86015   17.83567    -2.96   0.003    -87.81742   -17.90287
                  15  |  -9.450878   22.64069    -0.42   0.676    -53.82581    34.92405
                  21  |  -27.88046    16.8187    -1.66   0.097    -60.84452    5.083591
                  24  |  -29.59285    24.7164    -1.20   0.231    -78.03612    18.85041
                  25  |  -25.73004   16.51106    -1.56   0.119    -58.09112    6.631035
                  26  |  -4.773581   20.07186    -0.24   0.812     -44.1137    34.56653
                  27  |  -24.90991   16.15432    -1.54   0.123     -56.5718    6.751989
                  29  |  -27.65923   16.58391    -1.67   0.095     -60.1631    4.844645
                  30  |  -19.23082   16.54866    -1.16   0.245     -51.6656    13.20397
                  32  |   -26.5971   16.14965    -1.65   0.100    -58.24984    5.055638
                  36  |   -17.3063   22.45738    -0.77   0.441    -61.32196    26.70936
                  37  |  -3.485349   22.25602    -0.16   0.876    -47.10634    40.13564
                  38  |  -10.42916   18.80686    -0.55   0.579    -47.28993    26.43162
                  39  |  -26.13611   16.20184    -1.61   0.107    -57.89113     5.61891
                  41  |  -9.133171   26.37476    -0.35   0.729    -60.82674     42.5604
                  42  |  -15.66598   19.05362    -0.82   0.411    -53.01039    21.67843
                  43  |   -25.7705   16.99457    -1.52   0.129    -59.07924    7.538235
                  44  |  -23.40044   16.44896    -1.42   0.155     -55.6398    8.838916
                  45  |  -22.83115   16.05351    -1.42   0.155    -54.29546    8.633146
                  46  |    -30.336   16.92106    -1.79   0.073    -63.50066    2.828661
                  49  |  -10.21667   19.78523    -0.52   0.606    -48.99501    28.56166
                  51  |  -5.182763   18.02565    -0.29   0.774    -40.51239    30.14686
                  52  |  -19.83406   18.06596    -1.10   0.272    -55.24269    15.57457
                  53  |  -21.75713   17.62075    -1.23   0.217    -56.29316     12.7789
                  54  |  -20.07381   17.24486    -1.16   0.244    -53.87311    13.72549
                  55  |  -8.083111   20.46706    -0.39   0.693    -48.19781    32.03159
                  56  |  -21.92458   16.93556    -1.29   0.195    -55.11767    11.26851
                  57  |  -22.36964   16.29567    -1.37   0.170    -54.30856    9.569286
                  59  |  -25.76772   16.18594    -1.59   0.111    -57.49157    5.956134
                  60  |   -21.7588   16.78757    -1.30   0.195    -54.66182    11.14423
                  61  |  -14.71156   17.49693    -0.84   0.400    -49.00492    19.58179
                  63  |   65.23471   50.14169     1.30   0.193    -33.04119    163.5106
                  64  |  -17.29396   17.75029    -0.97   0.330    -52.08388    17.49596
                  65  |  -20.02801   16.34224    -1.23   0.220     -52.0582    12.00219
                  66  |  -20.28431   17.74971    -1.14   0.253    -55.07311    14.50449
                  67  |  -16.54219   17.98985    -0.92   0.358    -51.80164    18.71726
                  68  |  -22.17103   16.88909    -1.31   0.189    -55.27303    10.93098
                  70  |   -26.8304   16.35954    -1.64   0.101     -58.8945    5.233706
                  71  |  -11.44171   16.68641    -0.69   0.493    -44.14648    21.26306
                  72  |  -28.51498   17.83539    -1.60   0.110     -63.4717    6.441741
                  73  |  -25.28764   16.65276    -1.52   0.129    -57.92646    7.351177
                  74  |  -25.86423   16.36179    -1.58   0.114    -57.93276    6.204293
                  75  |  -21.08935   16.50024    -1.28   0.201    -53.42922    11.25052
                  76  |  -24.43911   18.13768    -1.35   0.178    -59.98831    11.11009
                  78  |  -21.86525   16.22492    -1.35   0.178    -53.66551    9.935003
                  80  |   .2877393   33.37334     0.01   0.993     -65.1228    65.69828
                  81  |  -25.91952   16.07415    -1.61   0.107    -57.42429    5.585237
                  82  |  -25.22107   16.51904    -1.53   0.127    -57.59779     7.15566
                  86  |  -23.84195   16.26727    -1.47   0.143    -55.72522    8.041323
                  92  |  -30.87975   17.13824    -1.80   0.072    -64.47008    2.710583
                  93  |  -22.52875   16.13662    -1.40   0.163    -54.15594    9.098441
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -9.632783   7.749504    -1.24   0.214    -24.82153    5.555965
                1977  |   -7.82018   8.827908    -0.89   0.376    -25.12256    9.482201
                1978  |  -4.412706   7.727853    -0.57   0.568    -19.55902    10.73361
                1979  |   -.294412   7.788465    -0.04   0.970    -15.55952     14.9707
                1980  |  -19.64432   7.622799    -2.58   0.010    -34.58473   -4.703911
                1981  |  -19.33239   7.577705    -2.55   0.011    -34.18442   -4.480357
                1982  |  -16.61045   8.280696    -2.01   0.045    -32.84032   -.3805865
                1983  |  -20.12166     7.9609    -2.53   0.011    -35.72473   -4.518582
                1984  |  -15.35107   7.809167    -1.97   0.049    -30.65676   -.0453856
                1985  |  -19.37076   7.549136    -2.57   0.010    -34.16679   -4.574726
                1986  |   -2.01235   7.630408    -0.26   0.792    -16.96767    12.94297
                1987  |  -3.277269   7.225178    -0.45   0.650    -17.43836    10.88382
                1988  |  -1.454138   6.939551    -0.21   0.834    -15.05541    12.14713
                1989  |    -4.0809   7.101131    -0.57   0.566    -17.99886     9.83706
                1990  |  -2.431728   6.887075    -0.35   0.724    -15.93015    11.06669
                1991  |  -14.48757   6.852515    -2.11   0.034    -27.91825   -1.056885
                1992  |  -15.27925   7.184503    -2.13   0.033    -29.36062   -1.197881
                1993  |   4.069762   7.184568     0.57   0.571    -10.01173    18.15126
                1994  |   .5144219   8.096235     0.06   0.949    -15.35391    16.38275
                1995  |  -2.954639   7.923846    -0.37   0.709    -18.48509    12.57581
                1996  |   -9.95589   7.664395    -1.30   0.194    -24.97783    5.066049
                1997  |  -14.19204   7.878677    -1.80   0.072    -29.63396    1.249886
                1998  |  -19.19488   7.689067    -2.50   0.013    -34.26517   -4.124586
                1999  |  -21.19074   8.114154    -2.61   0.009    -37.09419   -5.287291
                2000  |  -7.436714    8.19022    -0.91   0.364    -23.48925    8.615822
                2001  |  -18.08706   8.030984    -2.25   0.024     -33.8275   -2.346621
                2002  |  -15.14256   8.052179    -1.88   0.060    -30.92454    .6394206
                2003  |   -7.52032   7.691111    -0.98   0.328    -22.59462    7.553981
                2004  |  -6.619837   7.584156    -0.87   0.383    -21.48451    8.244836
                2005  |  -3.168185   7.566801    -0.42   0.675    -17.99884    11.66247
                2006  |  -5.438523    7.60127    -0.72   0.474    -20.33674    9.459693
                2007  |  -9.743675    7.81824    -1.25   0.213    -25.06714    5.579793
                2008  |  -9.317937   8.128432    -1.15   0.252    -25.24937    6.613498
                2009  |   -32.1136   8.066324    -3.98   0.000     -47.9233   -16.30389
                2010  |    4.68863   8.536392     0.55   0.583    -12.04239    21.41965
                2011  |  -15.30078   8.192948    -1.87   0.062    -31.35866    .7571048
                2012  |  -11.24999   8.124648    -1.38   0.166    -27.17401    4.674026
                2013  |  -22.29168   8.278987    -2.69   0.007    -38.51819   -6.065161
                2014  |   -18.5947    8.70422    -2.14   0.033    -35.65466   -1.534745
                2015  |  -21.50112   8.868814    -2.42   0.015    -38.88368   -4.118563
                2016  |  -22.72427    9.16314    -2.48   0.013    -40.68369   -4.764842
                      |
                _cons |   56.60992   28.41139     1.99   0.046     .9246164    112.2952
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0901458
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est3 stored)

. 
. * (4) Linear Liberal Component Index
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltv2xlib v2x_liberal chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcp
> i_w005e i.countryid i.year  if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1570
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     191.12
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -14.58831    7.51456    -1.94   0.052    -29.31658    .1399537
            eltv2xlib |   18.90312   10.69511     1.77   0.077      -2.0589    39.86514
          v2x_liberal |  -12.46918   11.75797    -1.06   0.289    -35.51438    10.57602
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.221747   10.83988     0.57   0.566    -15.02402    27.46751
           regimedum2 |  -1.450877   3.940649    -0.37   0.713    -9.174406    6.272652
           regimedum3 |   2.754183   5.133076     0.54   0.592    -7.306462    12.81483
           regimedum4 |   .6793706   4.030172     0.17   0.866    -7.219621    8.578362
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.104984   5.892427    -1.38   0.169    -19.65393    3.443961
          chcpi_w005e |   -.579473   .4402508    -1.32   0.188    -1.442349    .2834027
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -23.60319   17.07585    -1.38   0.167    -57.07124    9.864862
                   9  |  -10.74897   17.90195    -0.60   0.548    -45.83615    24.33821
                  10  |  -22.99984   16.71648    -1.38   0.169    -55.76354    9.763865
                  11  |  -17.06133   16.45391    -1.04   0.300     -49.3104    15.18774
                  12  |  -24.58637   16.13897    -1.52   0.128    -56.21817    7.045429
                  13  |   -52.3965   17.87541    -2.93   0.003    -87.43166   -17.36134
                  15  |  -11.58841   22.79947    -0.51   0.611    -56.27455    33.09772
                  21  |  -28.19976   16.87782    -1.67   0.095    -61.27969    4.880159
                  24  |  -30.96261   24.84516    -1.25   0.213    -79.65822      17.733
                  25  |  -24.54527   16.61075    -1.48   0.139    -57.10174      8.0112
                  26  |  -5.790521   20.17175    -0.29   0.774    -45.32642    33.74538
                  27  |  -24.73454   16.16813    -1.53   0.126    -56.42348    6.954406
                  29  |  -28.75006   16.68412    -1.72   0.085    -61.45034    3.950207
                  30  |  -21.27414   16.80059    -1.27   0.205     -54.2027    11.65441
                  32  |  -27.78625   16.24917    -1.71   0.087    -59.63404    4.061535
                  36  |  -18.07396   22.59676    -0.80   0.424    -62.36279    26.21487
                  37  |  -4.458764   22.34309    -0.20   0.842    -48.25042     39.3329
                  38  |  -9.944191   18.88152    -0.53   0.598    -46.95129    27.06291
                  39  |  -27.29649   16.29801    -1.67   0.094       -59.24    4.647022
                  41  |  -10.99285   26.54676    -0.41   0.679    -63.02354    41.03783
                  42  |  -16.74276   19.16491    -0.87   0.382    -54.30529    20.81978
                  43  |  -27.27667   17.15908    -1.59   0.112    -60.90785      6.3545
                  44  |  -25.04129   16.56329    -1.51   0.131    -57.50474     7.42216
                  45  |  -22.88426    16.0775    -1.42   0.155    -54.39557    8.627056
                  46  |  -30.31228   16.91384    -1.79   0.073     -63.4628     2.83824
                  49  |  -11.49345     19.889    -0.58   0.563    -50.47517    27.48828
                  51  |  -6.711322   18.12686    -0.37   0.711    -42.23932    28.81668
                  52  |   -21.4883   18.18114    -1.18   0.237    -57.12269    14.14608
                  53  |  -21.92578   17.65226    -1.24   0.214    -56.52357      12.672
                  54  |    -21.763   17.42219    -1.25   0.212    -55.90986    12.38386
                  55  |  -8.102308   20.49314    -0.40   0.693    -48.26812     32.0635
                  56  |  -23.70614   17.11588    -1.39   0.166    -57.25266    9.840377
                  57  |  -23.27849   16.36989    -1.42   0.155    -55.36288    8.805909
                  59  |  -25.21048   16.22257    -1.55   0.120    -57.00614    6.585171
                  60  |  -22.55691   16.84994    -1.34   0.181    -55.58218    10.46836
                  61  |  -14.44174   17.53596    -0.82   0.410    -48.81158    19.92811
                  63  |   64.08496   50.33482     1.27   0.203    -34.56947    162.7394
                  64  |  -17.30464   17.75376    -0.97   0.330    -52.10137    17.49208
                  65  |  -20.43068    16.3849    -1.25   0.212     -52.5445    11.68315
                  66  |  -22.85527    17.9131    -1.28   0.202    -57.96429    12.25375
                  67  |  -17.05607   18.03481    -0.95   0.344    -52.40365    18.29152
                  68  |  -23.01777   16.95211    -1.36   0.175    -56.24329    10.20776
                  70  |  -28.27525   16.50625    -1.71   0.087    -60.62689      4.0764
                  71  |  -11.59376   16.71165    -0.69   0.488    -44.34799    21.16048
                  72  |  -28.06477   17.86272    -1.57   0.116    -63.07505    6.945507
                  73  |  -26.04412   16.68082    -1.56   0.118    -58.73793    6.649684
                  74  |  -26.25434   16.41086    -1.60   0.110    -58.41903     5.91035
                  75  |  -21.34173    16.5221    -1.29   0.196    -53.72445    11.04099
                  76  |   -25.7704   18.23703    -1.41   0.158    -61.51433    9.973519
                  78  |  -21.87184   16.24944    -1.35   0.178    -53.72017    9.976483
                  80  |  -1.453538   33.52334    -0.04   0.965    -67.15808    64.25101
                  81  |  -26.37381   16.10075    -1.64   0.101    -57.93069    5.183075
                  82  |  -26.47135   16.67615    -1.59   0.112    -59.15601     6.21331
                  86  |  -24.44734   16.31514    -1.50   0.134    -56.42442    7.529749
                  92  |  -32.02016   17.27286    -1.85   0.064    -65.87435    1.834029
                  93  |  -21.50912   16.22408    -1.33   0.185    -53.30774     10.2895
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -9.406284   7.774126    -1.21   0.226    -24.64329    5.830724
                1977  |  -8.026749   8.846887    -0.91   0.364    -25.36633     9.31283
                1978  |  -4.329415   7.756493    -0.56   0.577    -19.53186    10.87303
                1979  |  -.2860562   7.816609    -0.04   0.971    -15.60633    15.03422
                1980  |  -19.48846   7.652403    -2.55   0.011    -34.48689   -4.490025
                1981  |  -19.17204   7.600049    -2.52   0.012    -34.06786   -4.276213
                1982  |  -16.22304   8.309484    -1.95   0.051    -32.50933     .063252
                1983  |   -20.0763    7.98909    -2.51   0.012    -35.73463   -4.417974
                1984  |  -15.16899   7.832927    -1.94   0.053    -30.52125    .1832625
                1985  |  -19.32352   7.564865    -2.55   0.011    -34.15038   -4.496655
                1986  |  -1.835598   7.653234    -0.24   0.810    -16.83566    13.16446
                1987  |  -3.206703   7.244604    -0.44   0.658    -17.40587    10.99246
                1988  |  -1.060594   6.968547    -0.15   0.879     -14.7187    12.59751
                1989  |  -3.883951   7.125903    -0.55   0.586    -17.85046    10.08256
                1990  |  -2.033973    6.91467    -0.29   0.769    -15.58648    11.51853
                1991  |  -14.15577   6.892173    -2.05   0.040    -27.66418   -.6473579
                1992  |  -14.77316   7.216803    -2.05   0.041    -28.91784   -.6284885
                1993  |   4.613674   7.235863     0.64   0.524    -9.568358    18.79571
                1994  |    .948639   8.134257     0.12   0.907    -14.99421    16.89149
                1995  |  -2.350471   7.948237    -0.30   0.767    -17.92873    13.22779
                1996  |  -9.332585   7.700526    -1.21   0.226    -24.42534    5.760169
                1997  |  -13.58433   7.919297    -1.72   0.086    -29.10587    1.937204
                1998  |  -18.63468   7.741002    -2.41   0.016    -33.80676   -3.462594
                1999  |  -20.57322   8.157518    -2.52   0.012    -36.56167   -4.584782
                2000  |   -6.88995   8.227823    -0.84   0.402    -23.01619    9.236288
                2001  |  -17.41575   8.057937    -2.16   0.031    -33.20901   -1.622481
                2002  |  -14.44786   8.095139    -1.78   0.074    -30.31405    1.418316
                2003  |  -6.763571   7.751634    -0.87   0.383    -21.95649    8.429352
                2004  |  -5.857423   7.636275    -0.77   0.443    -20.82425    9.109402
                2005  |  -2.299154   7.623927    -0.30   0.763    -17.24178    12.64347
                2006  |  -4.613347    7.64955    -0.60   0.546    -19.60619     10.3795
                2007  |  -8.820021   7.862933    -1.12   0.262    -24.23109    6.591045
                2008  |  -8.493551    8.18283    -1.04   0.299     -24.5316      7.5445
                2009  |  -31.28154   8.132161    -3.85   0.000    -47.22028    -15.3428
                2010  |   5.480321   8.592254     0.64   0.524    -11.36019    22.32083
                2011  |  -14.40155   8.253133    -1.74   0.081    -30.57739    1.774293
                2012  |  -10.31729   8.175773    -1.26   0.207    -26.34151     5.70693
                2013  |  -21.48927   8.283506    -2.59   0.009    -37.72464   -5.253895
                2014  |  -17.85086   8.740909    -2.04   0.041    -34.98273   -.7189915
                2015  |  -20.68376   8.921162    -2.32   0.020    -38.16891   -3.198599
                2016  |  -21.89097   9.216011    -2.38   0.018    -39.95402   -3.827919
                      |
                _cons |   49.51826   18.83538     2.63   0.009     12.60159    86.43493
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0933433
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est4 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table 2.rtf", title("Table 2. Alternative Measures of Institutional Constraints") mtitles("ln XCONST" "Li
> near XCONST)" "ln Liberal Component Index" "Linear Liberal Component Index")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep(elt lnxconst x
> const eltlnxconst eltxconst   eltlnv2xlib lnv2xlib eltv2xlib  v2x_liberal chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e chcpi_w005e regimedum4 regimedum3 regi
> medum2  rpt_for_elt    ) order(elt eltlnxconst lnxconst eltxconst  xconst eltlnv2xlib lnv2xlib eltv2xlib  v2x_liberal     chlgrealpcgd
> pUS_w005e    regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2)
(output written to ./working data/Table 2.rtf)

. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Calculate standard deviations for alternative measures of institutional constraints within main sample
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> clear

. use "main_analyses_and_supplemental_tables.dta" 

. 
. 
. collapse (sd) polconv lnpolconv xconst lnxconst v2x_liberal lnv2xlib if main_sample==1 , by(countryname)

. 
. sum polconv lnpolconv xconst lnxconst v2x_liberal lnv2xlib,d 

                        (sd) polconv
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%            0              0
 5%     .0042916       .0026508
10%     .0116256       .0042916       Obs                  57
25%     .0434305       .0072534       Sum of Wgt.          57

50%     .1305374                      Mean           .1262422
                        Largest       Std. Dev.       .084955
75%     .1763529       .2784248
90%     .2458401       .2912887       Variance       .0072174
95%     .2912887       .2924677       Skewness       .1992543
99%     .2964277       .2964277       Kurtosis       2.117716

                       (sd) lnpolconv
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%            0              0
 5%     .0060103       .0034958
10%     .0162353       .0060103       Obs                  57
25%     .1129056       .0095384       Sum of Wgt.          57

50%     .4103775                      Mean           .4993662
                        Largest       Std. Dev.      .4573981
75%     .8405754       1.231313
90%     1.025305       1.429114       Variance       .2092131
95%     1.429114       1.811764       Skewness        1.02441
99%     1.854692       1.854692       Kurtosis       3.641133

                         (sd) xconst
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%            0              0
 5%            0              0
10%            0              0       Obs                  57
25%            0              0       Sum of Wgt.          57

50%     .3149704                      Mean             .39852
                        Largest       Std. Dev.      .4750202
75%      .598317        1.46385
90%     1.054093       1.541035       Variance       .2256442
95%     1.541035       1.690308       Skewness       1.277912
99%     1.864625       1.864625       Kurtosis       4.172777

                        (sd) lnxconst
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%            0              0
 5%            0              0
10%            0              0       Obs                  57
25%            0              0       Sum of Wgt.          57

50%     .0536472                      Mean           .0778359
                        Largest       Std. Dev.      .0999532
75%      .117607       .3284366
90%     .2136989       .3368954       Variance       .0099906
95%     .3368954       .3382212       Skewness       1.535407
99%     .3981932       .3981932       Kurtosis       4.839276

                      (sd) v2x_liberal
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%     2.32e-16       2.32e-16
 5%     .0086932       .0073137
10%     .0136626       .0086932       Obs                  57
25%     .0275429            .01       Sum of Wgt.          57

50%     .0556063                      Mean           .0606736
                        Largest       Std. Dev.      .0467559
75%     .0762862       .1311335
90%     .1152562       .1322022       Variance       .0021861
95%     .1322022       .2282792       Skewness       1.808198
99%     .2399795       .2399795       Kurtosis       7.529997

                        (sd) lnv2xlib
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%            0              0
 5%      .011068       .0089624
10%      .019426        .011068       Obs                  57
25%     .0374664       .0165764       Sum of Wgt.          57

50%     .1034857                      Mean           .1144721
                        Largest       Std. Dev.       .098887
75%     .1555578       .2311043
90%     .2218269       .2793082       Variance       .0097786
95%     .2793082       .4447888       Skewness       1.814656
99%     .5111604       .5111604       Kurtosis       7.515285

. 
. 
. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Table 3. Endogenous Political Institutions and Urbanization
. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> clear

. use "main_analyses_and_supplemental_tables.dta" 

. 
. eststo clear

. 
. * (1) Pooled OLS
. eststo: reg chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi
> _w005e if  main_sample==1& colony==1 &englishlaw!=.&  lpd1500s!=., robust

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(9, 803)         =       2.11
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0268
                                                R-squared         =     0.0160
                                                Root MSE          =     31.845

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -28.57526   11.49474    -2.49   0.013    -51.13854   -6.011979
         eltlnpolconv |   7.160754   2.999143     2.39   0.017     1.273669    13.04784
            lnpolconv |  -2.781904   2.452451    -1.13   0.257    -7.595875    2.032067
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   7.089609   10.17415     0.70   0.486    -12.88147    27.06068
           regimedum2 |  -2.483414   2.479866    -1.00   0.317      -7.3512    2.384372
           regimedum3 |  -3.924096   2.819014    -1.39   0.164    -9.457603    1.609411
           regimedum4 |   1.568334   3.215395     0.49   0.626    -4.743237    7.879905
          rpt_for_elt |  -11.78879   5.410812    -2.18   0.030     -22.4098   -1.167784
          chcpi_w005e |   .0888438   .9581779     0.09   0.926    -1.791985    1.969673
                _cons |   20.58951    9.36607     2.20   0.028     2.204642    38.97438
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) Pooled OLS
. eststo: reg chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w00
> 5e if  main_sample==1& colony==1 &englishlaw!=.&  lpd1500s!=., robust

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(9, 803)         =       2.00
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0365
                                                R-squared         =     0.0188
                                                Root MSE          =       31.8

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -15.38945   5.425848    -2.84   0.005    -26.03997   -4.738929
           eltpolconv |   28.21066   10.41061     2.71   0.007     7.775443    48.64589
              polconv |  -15.91208   6.565305    -2.42   0.016    -28.79926   -3.024891
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   8.545056   10.09829     0.85   0.398    -11.27711    28.36722
           regimedum2 |  -2.547189   2.505619    -1.02   0.310    -7.465525    2.371146
           regimedum3 |  -3.924572   2.822633    -1.39   0.165    -9.465182    1.616037
           regimedum4 |   1.740397   3.218483     0.54   0.589    -4.577236     8.05803
          rpt_for_elt |  -11.66334   5.275167    -2.21   0.027    -22.01808   -1.308591
          chcpi_w005e |   .2047905   .9487109     0.22   0.829    -1.657456    2.067037
                _cons |   17.40478   3.671514     4.74   0.000     10.19788    24.61168
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est2 stored)

. 
. * (3) 2SLS 2nd Stage
. eststo: ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt  (eltlnpolconv lnpolconv =englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s) lgurbanpct lgurb
> anpctelt  chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i.regionid if  main_sample==1& colon
> y==1 &englishlaw!=.&  lpd1500s!=., robust
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        813
                                                  Wald chi2(54)   =     139.13
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.0420
                                                  Root MSE        =     31.227

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
         eltlnpolconv |    31.3963   15.92228     1.97   0.049     .1892132    62.60339
            lnpolconv |  -14.78891   13.48311    -1.10   0.273    -41.21533     11.6375
                  elt |  -117.9823   57.70652    -2.04   0.041     -231.085    -4.87962
           lgurbanpct |  -.1295335   .0746168    -1.74   0.083    -.2757798    .0167129
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0717117    .104624     0.69   0.493    -.1333476    .2767709
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   3.433437   11.03091     0.31   0.756    -18.18674    25.05361
           regimedum2 |  -.6847369   3.396034    -0.20   0.840    -7.340842    5.971368
           regimedum3 |    -1.1073   3.390906    -0.33   0.744    -7.753353    5.538753
           regimedum4 |   4.311835   4.367494     0.99   0.324    -4.248296    12.87197
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.737926   5.183407    -1.88   0.060    -19.89722    .4213656
          chcpi_w005e |   .3004457   1.089097     0.28   0.783    -1.834145    2.435036
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   21.38286   15.49407     1.38   0.168    -8.984963    51.75069
                1976  |   8.468114   7.634403     1.11   0.267    -6.495042    23.43127
                1977  |   1.857612   7.220665     0.26   0.797    -12.29463    16.00986
                1978  |   15.68776   8.442545     1.86   0.063    -.8593225    32.23484
                1979  |   17.44591   10.96986     1.59   0.112    -4.054628    38.94645
                1980  |  -12.66231   20.82419    -0.61   0.543    -53.47698    28.15235
                1981  |    1.34393   8.936178     0.15   0.880    -16.17066    18.85852
                1982  |   5.187183   9.681405     0.54   0.592    -13.78802    24.16239
                1983  |  -4.123669   6.463912    -0.64   0.524     -16.7927    8.545367
                1984  |  -.4598643   8.648112    -0.05   0.958    -17.40985    16.49012
                1985  |  -4.447326   6.783785    -0.66   0.512     -17.7433    8.848648
                1986  |   11.89048   9.732469     1.22   0.222    -7.184812    30.96577
                1987  |   11.26523   6.908141     1.63   0.103    -2.274482    24.80493
                1988  |   12.47547   8.252952     1.51   0.131    -3.700015    28.65096
                1989  |   5.290601   6.922629     0.76   0.445    -8.277503    18.85871
                1990  |   16.62456   7.315815     2.27   0.023     2.285826    30.96329
                1991  |  -2.454411   9.260611    -0.27   0.791    -20.60488    15.69605
                1992  |   8.175236   7.414954     1.10   0.270    -6.357807    22.70828
                1993  |   17.16628   6.441888     2.66   0.008      4.54041    29.79215
                1994  |   12.02895   6.431967     1.87   0.061    -.5774767    24.63537
                1995  |   18.04493   15.41864     1.17   0.242    -12.17504     48.2649
                1996  |   3.062219   7.517876     0.41   0.684    -11.67255    17.79698
                1997  |   13.02826   7.738518     1.68   0.092    -2.138958    28.19548
                1998  |   4.067888   7.153253     0.57   0.570     -9.95223    18.08801
                1999  |  -1.786635   6.551875    -0.27   0.785    -14.62807     11.0548
                2000  |   17.06187   8.301303     2.06   0.040     .7916147    33.33212
                2001  |  -1.044331   6.645644    -0.16   0.875    -14.06955    11.98089
                2002  |    4.63585   10.67103     0.43   0.664    -16.27898    25.55068
                2003  |   9.902198   7.761984     1.28   0.202    -5.311011    25.11541
                2004  |   16.83473   6.450137     2.61   0.009     4.192692    29.47676
                2005  |   20.95247   8.448176     2.48   0.013     4.394351    37.51059
                2006  |   15.29831   5.450118     2.81   0.005     4.616269    25.98034
                2007  |   7.661342   7.127829     1.07   0.282    -6.308946    21.63163
                2008  |   17.85269   11.31822     1.58   0.115    -4.330608    40.03598
                2009  |    -10.686   6.053562    -1.77   0.078    -22.55077    1.178759
                2010  |   31.48235     14.476     2.17   0.030     3.109915    59.85479
                2011  |   8.469685   6.465694     1.31   0.190    -4.202842    21.14221
                2012  |   14.32969   8.849088     1.62   0.105    -3.014202    31.67358
                2013  |    2.38571   6.229485     0.38   0.702    -9.823856    14.59528
                2014  |   4.545041   6.051562     0.75   0.453    -7.315802    16.40588
                2015  |   3.433936   5.586771     0.61   0.539    -7.515933    14.38381
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |  -8.745863   3.365326    -2.60   0.009    -15.34178   -2.149946
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |  -6.595518   3.470825    -1.90   0.057    -13.39821    .2071749
                      |
                _cons |   65.35721   47.36392     1.38   0.168    -27.47437    158.1888
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  eltlnpolconv lnpolconv
Instruments:   elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2
               regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year
               1977.year 1978.year 1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year
               1984.year 1985.year 1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year
               1991.year 1992.year 1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year
               1998.year 1999.year 2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year
               2005.year 2006.year 2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year
               2012.year 2013.year 2014.year 2015.year 2.regionid 4.regionid
               englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s
(est3 stored)

. 
. * (4) 2SLS 2nd Stage
. eststo: ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt  (eltpolconv polconv =englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s) lgurbanpct lgurbanpc
> telt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  i.year i.regionid if  main_sample==1& colony==1 &
> englishlaw!=.&  lpd1500s!=., robust
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        813
                                                  Wald chi2(54)   =     147.69
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.0821
                                                  Root MSE        =     30.567

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           eltpolconv |   94.37062   50.27511     1.88   0.061    -4.166785     192.908
              polconv |  -24.51615   25.22874    -0.97   0.331    -73.96357    24.93126
                  elt |   -47.0652   21.47858    -2.19   0.028    -89.16245   -4.967961
           lgurbanpct |  -.1428244   .0744219    -1.92   0.055    -.2886887    .0030399
        lgurbanpctelt |    .107086    .103739     1.03   0.302    -.0962386    .3104106
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   5.938687   11.00038     0.54   0.589    -15.62166    27.49903
           regimedum2 |  -1.822869   2.912995    -0.63   0.531    -7.532234    3.886497
           regimedum3 |  -.8625179   3.297163    -0.26   0.794    -7.324839    5.599803
           regimedum4 |   2.574737   3.325851     0.77   0.439    -3.943811    9.093284
          rpt_for_elt |  -10.40621   5.137132    -2.03   0.043     -20.4748   -.3376109
          chcpi_w005e |   .0806233   1.058651     0.08   0.939    -1.994294    2.155541
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   21.67624   14.93104     1.45   0.147     -7.58805    50.94054
                1976  |   11.40669   7.318646     1.56   0.119     -2.93759    25.75098
                1977  |    .472432   7.942021     0.06   0.953    -15.09364    16.03851
                1978  |   16.03141   8.212889     1.95   0.051    -.0655532    32.12838
                1979  |   17.49065     11.701     1.49   0.135    -5.442895     40.4242
                1980  |   .7787888   11.97659     0.07   0.948     -22.6949    24.25248
                1981  |  -1.847809   7.384972    -0.25   0.802    -16.32209    12.62647
                1982  |    5.65772   9.462514     0.60   0.550    -12.88847    24.20391
                1983  |  -3.801213   5.984041    -0.64   0.525    -15.52972    7.927291
                1984  |   .4517903   8.300653     0.05   0.957    -15.81719    16.72077
                1985  |  -2.510587   6.665594    -0.38   0.706    -15.57491    10.55374
                1986  |     15.889   8.578745     1.85   0.064    -.9250352    32.70303
                1987  |   11.71537   6.483753     1.81   0.071    -.9925548    24.42329
                1988  |   16.28376   6.945389     2.34   0.019     2.671051    29.89648
                1989  |   6.742951   6.645543     1.01   0.310    -6.282074    19.76798
                1990  |   17.08075   6.688578     2.55   0.011     3.971381    30.19013
                1991  |   2.928199   6.434477     0.46   0.649    -9.683143    15.53954
                1992  |   8.657692   5.994024     1.44   0.149    -3.090379    20.40576
                1993  |   17.51743   5.866406     2.99   0.003     6.019486    29.01538
                1994  |   13.58373   7.088131     1.92   0.055    -.3087529    27.47621
                1995  |   17.71823   14.71795     1.20   0.229    -11.12842    46.56489
                1996  |   2.271099   6.787495     0.33   0.738    -11.03215    15.57434
                1997  |   12.17932   7.081483     1.72   0.085    -1.700132    26.05877
                1998  |   3.818173   6.582378     0.58   0.562    -9.083051     16.7194
                1999  |  -.6362874   5.663608    -0.11   0.911    -11.73675    10.46418
                2000  |    15.0289   7.452944     2.02   0.044     .4213937     29.6364
                2001  |   .3856722   6.157442     0.06   0.950    -11.68269    12.45404
                2002  |   5.352879   10.40116     0.51   0.607    -15.03302    25.73878
                2003  |   11.69264   7.274262     1.61   0.108    -2.564653    25.94993
                2004  |   18.21481   5.943952     3.06   0.002     6.564874    29.86474
                2005  |   22.23816    8.03487     2.77   0.006     6.490109    37.98622
                2006  |   16.09756   4.767697     3.38   0.001      6.75304    25.44207
                2007  |   7.796114   6.405227     1.22   0.224    -4.757901    20.35013
                2008  |   18.88928   11.09387     1.70   0.089    -2.854306    40.63286
                2009  |   -9.17834   5.338306    -1.72   0.086    -19.64123    1.284548
                2010  |   32.92991   14.40376     2.29   0.022     4.699048    61.16077
                2011  |   9.856068   6.053505     1.63   0.103    -2.008584    21.72072
                2012  |   15.02311   8.514233     1.76   0.078    -1.664485     31.7107
                2013  |   4.675786   5.647746     0.83   0.408    -6.393594    15.74516
                2014  |   6.325136   5.916679     1.07   0.285    -5.271342    17.92161
                2015  |   4.338277   5.111968     0.85   0.396    -5.680997    14.35755
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |  -9.474758   3.332541    -2.84   0.004    -16.00642   -2.943098
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |  -6.215377   3.549369    -1.75   0.080    -13.17201     .741258
                      |
                _cons |   22.10739     10.766     2.05   0.040     1.006414    43.20837
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  eltpolconv polconv
Instruments:   elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2
               regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year
               1977.year 1978.year 1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year
               1984.year 1985.year 1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year
               1991.year 1992.year 1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year
               1998.year 1999.year 2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year
               2005.year 2006.year 2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year
               2012.year 2013.year 2014.year 2015.year 2.regionid 4.regionid
               englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s
(est4 stored)

. 
. // N.B. additional ivregress results are in supplemental_analysis.do file
. 
. * (5) PSCE
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 re
> gimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i.countryid if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1634
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(108)    =     195.28
Estimated coefficients     =       109          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -26.66587   11.82233    -2.26   0.024    -49.83721   -3.494532
         eltlnpolconv |   5.573237   2.598447     2.14   0.032     .4803753     10.6661
            lnpolconv |   .2194632   1.918587     0.11   0.909    -3.540898    3.979825
           lgurbanpct |  -.3620203   .2311681    -1.57   0.117    -.8151015    .0910609
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0921688   .1027505     0.90   0.370    -.1092185     .293556
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.063361   10.83107     0.56   0.576    -15.16515    27.29187
           regimedum2 |  -1.343183   3.927457    -0.34   0.732    -9.040857    6.354492
           regimedum3 |   2.516686   5.131606     0.49   0.624    -7.541077    12.57445
           regimedum4 |    .367368    4.02375     0.09   0.927    -7.519036    8.253772
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.027502    5.84773    -1.37   0.170    -19.48884    3.433839
          chcpi_w005e |  -.7318016   .4320236    -1.69   0.090    -1.578552    .1149491
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -9.424976   7.799533    -1.21   0.227    -24.71178    5.861826
                1977  |  -9.752676   8.873699    -1.10   0.272    -27.14481    7.639454
                1978  |  -3.666766   7.750591    -0.47   0.636    -18.85765    11.52411
                1979  |   .9246299   7.983615     0.12   0.908    -14.72297    16.57223
                1980  |  -18.79668   7.671638    -2.45   0.014    -33.83281   -3.760546
                1981  |  -17.78302   7.595803    -2.34   0.019    -32.67052   -2.895521
                1982  |  -15.55125   8.300513    -1.87   0.061    -31.81996    .7174524
                1983  |  -18.86056   7.979846    -2.36   0.018    -34.50077   -3.220349
                1984  |  -13.97368    7.84674    -1.78   0.075    -29.35301    1.405649
                1985  |  -18.36511   7.576421    -2.42   0.015    -33.21462   -3.515594
                1986  |  -.3050301   7.687876    -0.04   0.968    -15.37299    14.76293
                1987  |  -1.133172   7.307114    -0.16   0.877    -15.45485    13.18851
                1988  |   .9156725   7.039106     0.13   0.897    -12.88072    14.71207
                1989  |  -2.523657   7.158797    -0.35   0.724    -16.55464    11.50733
                1990  |   1.438207   7.027301     0.20   0.838    -12.33505    15.21146
                1991  |  -11.70547   6.879038    -1.70   0.089    -25.18814    1.777192
                1992  |  -10.33257   7.261832    -1.42   0.155     -24.5655    3.900361
                1993  |   7.285918   7.290364     1.00   0.318    -7.002934    21.57477
                1994  |   2.751775   8.170734     0.34   0.736    -13.26257    18.76612
                1995  |   -.446484   8.064235    -0.06   0.956    -16.25209    15.35913
                1996  |  -7.165501    7.73242    -0.93   0.354    -22.32076    7.989764
                1997  |  -11.35122     7.9593    -1.43   0.154    -26.95116     4.24872
                1998  |  -16.12238   7.725633    -2.09   0.037    -31.26434   -.9804146
                1999  |  -17.78329   8.172798    -2.18   0.030    -33.80168   -1.764902
                2000  |  -3.471163   8.216276    -0.42   0.673    -19.57477    12.63244
                2001  |  -14.92767   8.113444    -1.84   0.066    -30.82973    .9743891
                2002  |   -11.7037   8.145763    -1.44   0.151     -27.6691    4.261699
                2003  |  -4.115973   7.849414    -0.52   0.600    -19.50054    11.26859
                2004  |  -2.858016   7.822778    -0.37   0.715    -18.19038    12.47435
                2005  |   .5976556   7.838716     0.08   0.939    -14.76595    15.96126
                2006  |  -1.395717   7.955378    -0.18   0.861    -16.98797    14.19654
                2007  |  -5.739318   8.178711    -0.70   0.483     -21.7693    10.29066
                2008  |  -5.069964   8.400678    -0.60   0.546    -21.53499    11.39506
                2009  |  -28.07115   8.355132    -3.36   0.001    -44.44691    -11.6954
                2010  |   8.986273   8.901122     1.01   0.313    -8.459606    26.43215
                2011  |  -10.52407   8.689371    -1.21   0.226    -27.55492    6.506787
                2012  |  -6.569159   8.616287    -0.76   0.446    -23.45677    10.31845
                2013  |  -16.93452   8.915806    -1.90   0.058    -34.40918    .5401374
                2014  |  -13.51458   9.144865    -1.48   0.139    -31.43819    4.409026
                2015  |  -16.18137   9.448639    -1.71   0.087    -34.70037    2.337618
                2016  |  -17.45028   9.770841    -1.79   0.074    -36.60077    1.700219
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -26.38926    16.8512    -1.57   0.117    -59.41701     6.63849
                   9  |  -12.57949    18.4849    -0.68   0.496    -48.80922    23.65024
                  10  |  -15.72208   16.88621    -0.93   0.352    -48.81844    17.37428
                  11  |  -18.18361   16.27954    -1.12   0.264    -50.09093     13.7237
                  12  |  -12.95413   18.09048    -0.72   0.474    -48.41082    22.50256
                  13  |  -46.05251   18.99954    -2.42   0.015    -83.29091   -8.814105
                  15  |  -21.01938   23.67445    -0.89   0.375    -67.42046     25.3817
                  21  |  -18.54376    18.1211    -1.02   0.306    -54.06046    16.97294
                  24  |  -20.45752   25.38971    -0.81   0.420    -70.22044    29.30541
                  25  |  -24.36109   16.51926    -1.47   0.140    -56.73825    8.016067
                  26  |  -1.720591   19.28777    -0.09   0.929    -39.52393    36.08274
                  27  |  -21.83933   16.32285    -1.34   0.181    -53.83152    10.15287
                  29  |  -22.01858   16.80716    -1.31   0.190    -54.96001    10.92284
                  30  |  -11.44017    16.3083    -0.70   0.483    -43.40386    20.52352
                  32  |  -20.65643   16.34557    -1.26   0.206    -52.69316    11.38029
                  36  |  -19.27979    22.2712    -0.87   0.387    -62.93054    24.37096
                  37  |   .6220128   22.30848     0.03   0.978     -43.1018    44.34582
                  38  |  -9.110621   18.58975    -0.49   0.624    -45.54586    27.32462
                  39  |  -25.03278   16.02991    -1.56   0.118    -56.45083    6.385275
                  41  |  -7.966802   25.92603    -0.31   0.759    -58.78089    42.84728
                  42  |   -21.4672   19.41122    -1.11   0.269    -59.51249    16.57809
                  43  |   -23.0534   17.32203    -1.33   0.183    -57.00395    10.89715
                  44  |  -21.15518   16.10259    -1.31   0.189    -52.71567     10.4053
                  45  |  -28.50256   16.39755    -1.74   0.082    -60.64116     3.63604
                  46  |  -27.12187   16.87191    -1.61   0.108     -60.1902    5.946464
                  49  |  -17.86634   20.27883    -0.88   0.378    -57.61211    21.87943
                  51  |  -8.432944    18.0935    -0.47   0.641    -43.89555    27.02967
                  52  |  -4.226931    20.4173    -0.21   0.836     -44.2441    35.79024
                  53  |  -20.72923   17.53984    -1.18   0.237    -55.10669    13.64823
                  54  |  -24.74388   17.32179    -1.43   0.153    -58.69397     9.20621
                  55  |  -18.34968   21.57623    -0.85   0.395    -60.63831    23.93894
                  56  |  -15.11369   17.47124    -0.87   0.387    -49.35669    19.12931
                  57  |   -26.4112   16.34107    -1.62   0.106     -58.4391    5.616709
                  59  |  -26.84255   16.16451    -1.66   0.097    -58.52441    4.839318
                  60  |  -21.93126   16.66699    -1.32   0.188    -54.59795    10.73543
                  61  |  -10.45771   18.08606    -0.58   0.563    -45.90573    24.99031
                  63  |   60.92946    50.1256     1.22   0.224    -37.31492    159.1738
                  64  |  -20.00747   17.70625    -1.13   0.258    -54.71108    14.69614
                  65  |  -29.85337   17.81254    -1.68   0.094    -64.76531    5.058577
                  66  |  -15.29671   16.66837    -0.92   0.359    -47.96613     17.3727
                  67  |  -25.60185   18.82762    -1.36   0.174    -62.50331    11.29961
                  68  |  -18.70714   16.90478    -1.11   0.268    -51.83989    14.42562
                  70  |  -29.90729   16.29758    -1.84   0.066    -61.84997    2.035389
                  71  |  -5.130789   17.10721    -0.30   0.764     -38.6603    28.39872
                  72  |  -38.08942   18.64812    -2.04   0.041    -74.63906   -1.539781
                  73  |  -14.06394   17.69442    -0.79   0.427    -48.74437    20.61648
                  74  |   -24.5025   16.26602    -1.51   0.132     -56.3833    7.378309
                  75  |  -18.58627    16.6344    -1.12   0.264     -51.1891    14.01657
                  76  |  -12.70518   19.27643    -0.66   0.510    -50.48629    25.07594
                  78  |  -22.66368    16.1973    -1.40   0.162     -54.4098    9.082431
                  80  |  -1.485751   33.34554    -0.04   0.964     -66.8418     63.8703
                  81  |  -20.37341   16.15904    -1.26   0.207    -52.04454    11.29772
                  82  |  -31.61884   17.03177    -1.86   0.063     -65.0005    1.762821
                  86  |   -26.5459   16.29333    -1.63   0.103    -58.48024    5.388447
                  92  |  -22.81047   17.96998    -1.27   0.204    -58.03098    12.41004
                  93  |  -6.566876   19.51788    -0.34   0.737    -44.82122    31.68747
                      |
                _cons |   52.67401   20.41812     2.58   0.010     12.65522    92.69279
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0902397
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est5 stored)

. 
. * (6) PSCE
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regime
> dum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i.countryid if  main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1619
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(108)    =     194.63
Estimated coefficients     =       109          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -17.34672   8.275446    -2.10   0.036     -33.5663   -1.127145
           eltpolconv |   22.05473     9.4293     2.34   0.019     3.573639    40.53581
              polconv |  -6.242104   6.820241    -0.92   0.360    -19.60953    7.125323
           lgurbanpct |  -.4110087   .2335635    -1.76   0.078    -.8687848    .0467674
        lgurbanpctelt |   .1007757   .1032266     0.98   0.329    -.1015447    .3030961
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.282891   10.83912     0.58   0.562     -14.9614    27.52718
           regimedum2 |  -.9564936   3.947777    -0.24   0.809    -8.693995    6.781007
           regimedum3 |   3.116556   5.144089     0.61   0.545    -6.965674    13.19879
           regimedum4 |   .7937201   4.034404     0.20   0.844    -7.113566    8.701006
          rpt_for_elt |  -7.967907   5.892028    -1.35   0.176    -19.51607    3.580256
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6712074   .4349358    -1.54   0.123    -1.523666    .1812512
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -8.428972   7.857455    -1.07   0.283     -23.8293    6.971357
                1977  |  -9.607046   8.871395    -1.08   0.279    -26.99466    7.780569
                1978  |  -3.829968   7.750658    -0.49   0.621    -19.02098    11.36104
                1979  |   .1726509   7.886814     0.02   0.983    -15.28522    15.63052
                1980  |  -18.99976   7.625686    -2.49   0.013    -33.94583    -4.05369
                1981  |  -19.20579   7.570041    -2.54   0.011     -34.0428   -4.368784
                1982  |  -15.16762    8.29285    -1.83   0.067    -31.42131    1.086066
                1983  |  -18.94104   7.975348    -2.37   0.018    -34.57243   -3.309644
                1984  |   -13.6691   7.840364    -1.74   0.081    -29.03593    1.697733
                1985  |   -18.0882   7.569419    -2.39   0.017    -32.92399   -3.252414
                1986  |  -.2130218   7.655335    -0.03   0.978     -15.2172    14.79116
                1987  |  -1.189735   7.305696    -0.16   0.871    -15.50864    13.12917
                1988  |   1.054558   7.036346     0.15   0.881    -12.73643    14.84554
                1989  |  -2.356346   7.155403    -0.33   0.742    -16.38068    11.66799
                1990  |   .9872178   7.023938     0.14   0.888    -12.77945    14.75388
                1991  |  -12.23214   6.907015    -1.77   0.077    -25.76964    1.305363
                1992  |  -11.60003   7.320849    -1.58   0.113    -25.94863    2.748573
                1993  |   7.540801   7.330435     1.03   0.304    -6.826587    21.90819
                1994  |   2.953223   8.232905     0.36   0.720    -13.18297    19.08942
                1995  |   .7011431   8.124129     0.09   0.931    -15.22186    16.62414
                1996  |  -5.990219   7.835671    -0.76   0.445    -21.34785    9.367414
                1997  |  -10.14772   8.036901    -1.26   0.207    -25.89975    5.604322
                1998  |   -14.9838   7.761668    -1.93   0.054    -30.19639    .2287922
                1999  |  -17.24698    8.24324    -2.09   0.036    -33.40344   -1.090531
                2000  |  -3.350835    8.26743    -0.41   0.685     -19.5547    12.85303
                2001  |  -13.83346    8.15886    -1.70   0.090    -29.82453    2.157616
                2002  |  -10.96778   8.185451    -1.34   0.180    -27.01096    5.075414
                2003  |  -3.081789   7.892261    -0.39   0.696    -18.55034    12.38676
                2004  |  -2.059134   7.859498    -0.26   0.793    -17.46347     13.3452
                2005  |   1.605629     7.8999     0.20   0.839    -13.87789    17.08915
                2006  |  -.3313177   8.003278    -0.04   0.967    -16.01745    15.35482
                2007  |  -4.679563   8.249327    -0.57   0.571    -20.84795    11.48882
                2008  |  -3.955275   8.444547    -0.47   0.640    -20.50628    12.59573
                2009  |  -26.88902    8.40554    -3.20   0.001    -43.36357   -10.41446
                2010  |     9.8925   8.928716     1.11   0.268    -7.607461    27.39246
                2011  |  -9.339785   8.745654    -1.07   0.286    -26.48095    7.801381
                2012  |   -5.52309   8.653942    -0.64   0.523     -22.4845    11.43832
                2013  |  -15.61208    8.95986    -1.74   0.081    -33.17308    1.948924
                2014  |  -12.14046   9.205009    -1.32   0.187    -30.18194    5.901029
                2015  |  -14.90668   9.477532    -1.57   0.116     -33.4823    3.668942
                2016  |  -16.49428   9.806105    -1.68   0.093    -35.71389    2.725335
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -27.10002   16.86996    -1.61   0.108    -60.16453    5.964498
                   9  |  -17.60364   17.73032    -0.99   0.321    -52.35442    17.14714
                  10  |  -14.54328   16.89823    -0.86   0.389     -47.6632    18.57665
                  11  |  -17.21957   16.30299    -1.06   0.291    -49.17285     14.7337
                  12  |  -9.716768   18.38173    -0.53   0.597    -45.74429    26.31076
                  13  |  -42.50185   19.26123    -2.21   0.027    -80.25317    -4.75054
                  15  |  -20.85588   23.63227    -0.88   0.377    -67.17428    25.46253
                  21  |  -16.06039   18.17573    -0.88   0.377    -51.68417    19.56339
                  24  |   -21.2743   24.87588    -0.86   0.392    -70.03013    27.48154
                  25  |  -22.04745   16.67979    -1.32   0.186    -54.73923    10.64433
                  26  |  -3.217744   19.69222    -0.16   0.870    -41.81378     35.3783
                  27  |   -21.0757   16.41823    -1.28   0.199    -53.25483    11.10343
                  29  |  -20.25905   16.80748    -1.21   0.228     -53.2011      12.683
                  30  |  -12.06085   16.34596    -0.74   0.461    -44.09834    19.97663
                  32  |  -20.03871   16.35762    -1.23   0.221    -52.09905    12.02164
                  36  |   -18.3513   22.10363    -0.83   0.406    -61.67362    24.97102
                  37  |   .5604107   22.29314     0.03   0.980    -43.13334    44.25416
                  38  |  -9.704641   18.58699    -0.52   0.602    -46.13448     26.7252
                  39  |  -24.49514   16.03269    -1.53   0.127    -55.91864     6.92836
                  41  |  -9.889676   26.01893    -0.38   0.704    -60.88585    41.10649
                  42  |  -22.01058   19.39683    -1.13   0.256    -60.02766    16.00651
                  43  |  -25.30357   16.90746    -1.50   0.134    -58.44159    7.834438
                  44  |  -21.25796   16.12112    -1.32   0.187    -52.85478    10.33886
                  45  |  -27.95536   16.40018    -1.70   0.088    -60.09912    4.188394
                  46  |  -26.51837   17.07897    -1.55   0.120    -59.99253    6.955793
                  49  |  -18.55092   20.19995    -0.92   0.358    -58.14208    21.04025
                  51  |  -8.719767   18.03054    -0.48   0.629    -44.05898    26.61945
                  52  |  -.2460495    20.7598    -0.01   0.991    -40.93451    40.44241
                  53  |  -21.43289   17.52054    -1.22   0.221    -55.77253    12.90674
                  54  |  -25.09169   17.32438    -1.45   0.148    -59.04685    8.863467
                  55  |   -19.7406   21.48991    -0.92   0.358    -61.86005    22.37885
                  56  |  -12.31291   17.71252    -0.70   0.487    -47.02882    22.40299
                  57  |  -27.10975   16.35301    -1.66   0.097    -59.16107    4.941566
                  59  |   -24.9438   16.29192    -1.53   0.126    -56.87537    6.987775
                  60  |  -20.86653   16.74393    -1.25   0.213    -53.68403    11.95098
                  61  |  -8.112313   18.26668    -0.44   0.657    -43.91434    27.68971
                  63  |   59.51152   49.69113     1.20   0.231    -37.88131    156.9043
                  64  |  -19.00572   17.66647    -1.08   0.282    -53.63136    15.61992
                  65  |  -31.51309   17.85118    -1.77   0.078    -66.50076     3.47459
                  66  |  -14.44193   16.64544    -0.87   0.386     -47.0664    18.18253
                  67  |   -26.8619   18.87268    -1.42   0.155    -63.85167    10.12788
                  68  |    -17.586     16.923    -1.04   0.299    -50.75448    15.58248
                  70  |  -30.10549   16.30629    -1.85   0.065    -62.06523    1.854252
                  71  |  -4.699022   17.12567    -0.27   0.784    -38.26472    28.86668
                  72  |  -37.23614   18.66734    -1.99   0.046    -73.82345   -.6488301
                  73  |  -13.04613   17.73545    -0.74   0.462    -47.80697    21.71471
                  74  |  -24.62246   16.28373    -1.51   0.131    -56.53799    7.293077
                  75  |  -17.07744   16.73342    -1.02   0.307    -49.87434    15.71946
                  76  |  -12.44195   19.29644    -0.64   0.519    -50.26227    25.37838
                  78  |  -23.84346   16.25434    -1.47   0.142    -55.70138    8.014462
                  80  |  -2.002352   33.20834    -0.06   0.952    -67.08951    63.08481
                  81  |  -19.99184   16.18009    -1.24   0.217    -51.70424    11.72056
                  82  |  -32.68482   17.07541    -1.91   0.056    -66.15201    .7823596
                  86  |  -26.28804   16.31541    -1.61   0.107    -58.26564     5.68957
                  92  |  -20.31499   18.23981    -1.11   0.265    -56.06435    15.43437
                  93  |  -3.857236   19.60847    -0.20   0.844    -42.28913    34.57466
                      |
                _cons |    57.2318   19.23762     2.97   0.003     19.52675    94.93684
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0859269
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est6 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table 3.rtf", title("Table 3. Endogenous Political Institutions and Urbanization") mtitles( "Pooled OLS" 
> "Pooled OLS" "2SLS 2nd Stage" "2SLS 2nd Stage" "PSCE" "PSCE")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep(elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv el
> tpolconv polconv lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt  chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2  rpt_for_elt  chcpi_w005e ) order(el
> t  eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltpolconv polconv  lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2  rpt_fo
> r_elt  chcpi_w005e) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2)
(output written to ./working data/Table 3.rtf)

. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Table 4. Presidential Systems with Fixed Elections
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * (1) President-Fixed
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chc
> pi_w005e i.countryid i.year  if  pfix1_sample==1 & president_fixed==1,hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  13
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =        627
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         38
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =       16.5
                                                              max =         37
Estimated covariances      =        38          R-squared         =     0.2100
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(87)     =     222.67
Estimated coefficients     =        88          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   -31.1014    15.9688    -1.95   0.051    -62.39967    .1968688
         eltlnpolconv |   7.531402   4.221842     1.78   0.074    -.7432564    15.80606
            lnpolconv |  -1.447995   2.508431    -0.58   0.564    -6.364429     3.46844
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.139891   13.96197     0.44   0.660    -21.22507    33.50485
           regimedum2 |   .6125311   5.918496     0.10   0.918    -10.98751    12.21257
           regimedum3 |   4.065792   5.977798     0.68   0.496    -7.650478    15.78206
           regimedum4 |   3.883247   6.593277     0.59   0.556    -9.039338    16.80583
          rpt_for_elt |  -16.46703   5.167143    -3.19   0.001    -26.59445   -6.339615
          chcpi_w005e |  -.5587955    .431073    -1.30   0.195    -1.403683     .286092
                      |
            countryid |
                  12  |  -4.314727   5.162676    -0.84   0.403    -14.43339    5.803933
                  15  |   14.60036   15.94741     0.92   0.360    -16.65599    45.85672
                  21  |  -4.528423   6.572993    -0.69   0.491    -17.41125    8.354407
                  24  |  -4.270771   19.79951    -0.22   0.829    -43.07709    34.53555
                  25  |  -2.163838   6.592181    -0.33   0.743    -15.08427     10.7566
                  26  |    25.4395   12.17813     2.09   0.037      1.57081    49.30819
                  29  |   -6.03931   6.053426    -1.00   0.318    -17.90381    5.825188
                  30  |   2.673641   5.821499     0.46   0.646    -8.736287    14.08357
                  32  |  -4.710854   5.021594    -0.94   0.348      -14.553    5.131289
                  36  |   5.125013   14.65919     0.35   0.727    -23.60647     33.8565
                  37  |   18.64441   15.01548     1.24   0.214    -10.78538    48.07421
                  38  |   9.845977   9.442179     1.04   0.297    -8.660354    28.35231
                  39  |  -4.048607   4.907602    -0.82   0.409    -13.66733    5.570115
                  41  |   17.02486   19.12181     0.89   0.373    -20.45321    54.50292
                  43  |  -.1706628   9.646341    -0.02   0.986    -19.07714    18.73582
                  44  |    .807003   5.359573     0.15   0.880    -9.697566    11.31157
                  49  |   13.50515   13.40697     1.01   0.314    -12.77203    39.78232
                  51  |   19.45507   10.03229     1.94   0.052    -.2078627    39.11801
                  53  |   2.139492    10.1781     0.21   0.834    -17.80921    22.08819
                  54  |   3.469009   7.544072     0.46   0.646     -11.3171    18.25512
                  55  |   13.24692   12.96599     1.02   0.307    -12.16595    38.65979
                  57  |   1.334586   7.338057     0.18   0.856    -13.04774    15.71691
                  60  |  -16.14972   5.641442    -2.86   0.004    -27.20674   -5.092691
                  61  |    7.69236   9.212515     0.83   0.404    -10.36384    25.74856
                  63  |   85.54941   41.18302     2.08   0.038     4.832186    166.2666
                  64  |   3.348291   8.925463     0.38   0.708     -14.1453    20.84188
                  66  |    2.40367   6.932609     0.35   0.729    -11.18399    15.99133
                  67  |   8.251678   9.535872     0.87   0.387    -10.43829    26.94164
                  71  |    10.8763   7.273003     1.50   0.135    -3.378523    25.13112
                  73  |   -1.98626   5.381159    -0.37   0.712    -12.53314    8.560618
                  74  |  -2.946347   5.764865    -0.51   0.609    -14.24527    8.352581
                  76  |  -1.764852   10.95667    -0.16   0.872    -23.23953    19.70982
                  78  |  -.2173548   6.389184    -0.03   0.973    -12.73992    12.30521
                  80  |   22.77807   26.02073     0.88   0.381    -28.22162    73.77776
                  82  |  -5.934658   5.044841    -1.18   0.239    -15.82236    3.953049
                  92  |  -7.690807   7.486785    -1.03   0.304    -22.36464    6.983022
                  93  |  -1.440323   4.917761    -0.29   0.770    -11.07896    8.198311
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |   24.89148   16.67496     1.49   0.136    -7.790829     57.5738
                1977  |   19.29628    17.3664     1.11   0.267    -14.74124    53.33379
                1978  |   7.434791   17.60298     0.42   0.673    -27.06641    41.93599
                1979  |   25.49238   17.09995     1.49   0.136    -8.022906    59.00767
                1980  |  -18.35456   16.75802    -1.10   0.273    -51.19967    14.49055
                1981  |   13.49428   14.47753     0.93   0.351    -14.88116    41.86972
                1982  |   5.019524   14.54093     0.35   0.730    -23.48018    33.51922
                1983  |   .1501721   14.45305     0.01   0.992    -28.17729    28.47763
                1984  |   9.401274    14.4723     0.65   0.516    -18.96392    37.76647
                1985  |   6.696901    14.0647     0.48   0.634    -20.86941    34.26321
                1986  |   25.51329   13.82312     1.85   0.065    -1.579527    52.60611
                1987  |   20.80255   13.73989     1.51   0.130    -6.127146    47.73224
                1988  |   16.64574   13.54227     1.23   0.219    -9.896629    43.18811
                1989  |   16.01895   13.80094     1.16   0.246    -11.03041     43.0683
                1990  |   26.24643   13.56514     1.93   0.053    -.3407607    52.83362
                1991  |   7.619313   13.65323     0.56   0.577    -19.14052    34.37914
                1992  |    17.5126   13.85946     1.26   0.206    -9.651447    44.67665
                1993  |   22.58352   13.83874     1.63   0.103    -4.539912    49.70696
                1994  |   23.26636   15.11606     1.54   0.124    -6.360579     52.8933
                1995  |   22.94692   14.88057     1.54   0.123    -6.218465    52.11231
                1996  |   18.63688   14.85115     1.25   0.210    -10.47083    47.74459
                1997  |   15.27186   14.47174     1.06   0.291    -13.09223    43.63596
                1998  |   13.98758   14.13688     0.99   0.322    -13.72019    41.69536
                1999  |   4.433702   14.49363     0.31   0.760    -23.97328    32.84069
                2000  |   18.17723   14.48158     1.26   0.209    -10.20615    46.56061
                2001  |   2.084771   14.59067     0.14   0.886    -26.51241    30.68195
                2002  |   11.43513   14.46797     0.79   0.429    -16.92157    39.79182
                2003  |   21.21056   14.04923     1.51   0.131     -6.32542    48.74654
                2004  |   18.21705   14.22276     1.28   0.200    -9.659047    46.09316
                2005  |   18.71778   14.22786     1.32   0.188    -9.168314    46.60387
                2006  |   21.86899   14.32443     1.53   0.127    -6.206364    49.94435
                2007  |   12.60877   14.40299     0.88   0.381    -15.62056    40.83811
                2008  |   20.53613   14.92217     1.38   0.169    -8.710781    49.78304
                2009  |  -12.68008   15.18676    -0.83   0.404    -42.44557    17.08542
                2010  |   43.24553    15.7163     2.75   0.006     12.44216    74.04891
                2011  |   9.066779   15.45707     0.59   0.557    -21.22852    39.36208
                2012  |   16.77587    15.1781     1.11   0.269    -12.97265    46.52439
                2013  |   2.502199   15.31308     0.16   0.870    -27.51088    32.51528
                2014  |   1.215324   15.69529     0.08   0.938    -29.54688    31.97753
                2015  |  -3.432832   16.30021    -0.21   0.833    -35.38065    28.51499
                2016  |  -2.475185   16.46756    -0.15   0.881    -34.75101    29.80064
                      |
                _cons |  -2.163699   16.69544    -0.13   0.897    -34.88616    30.55876
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0098905
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) Disc.
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chc
> pi_w005e i.countryid i.year  if pfix0_sample==1 & president_fixed==0,hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  9
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =        436
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         21
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          5
                                                              avg =  20.761905
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        21          R-squared         =     0.1989
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(70)     =     129.57
Estimated coefficients     =        71          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -9.427247   12.01124    -0.78   0.433    -32.96885    14.11436
         eltlnpolconv |   2.865816   2.957477     0.97   0.333    -2.930733    8.662365
            lnpolconv |   4.272524   3.634714     1.18   0.240    -2.851385    11.39643
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   -9.75159   16.22266    -0.60   0.548    -41.54741    22.04423
           regimedum2 |  -5.148046   4.817495    -1.07   0.285    -14.59016    4.294071
           regimedum3 |  -9.558071   7.245521    -1.32   0.187    -23.75903    4.642889
           regimedum4 |  -7.560381   3.600793    -2.10   0.036    -14.61781   -.5029562
          rpt_for_elt |   3.285067   10.51764     0.31   0.755    -17.32912    23.89926
          chcpi_w005e |  -3.137276   8.988125    -0.35   0.727    -20.75368    14.47913
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -26.65612   16.65207    -1.60   0.109    -59.29359    5.981341
                   9  |  -1.458261   20.99931    -0.07   0.945    -42.61615    39.69962
                  11  |  -23.65042   16.86715    -1.40   0.161    -56.70944    9.408588
                  13  |  -64.09043   20.78747    -3.08   0.002    -104.8331   -23.34774
                  27  |  -29.76836   16.98678    -1.75   0.080    -63.06184    3.525111
                  42  |  -14.81147    19.4269    -0.76   0.446     -52.8875    23.26456
                  45  |  -26.54337   16.38145    -1.62   0.105    -58.65042    5.563677
                  46  |  -29.10192   17.36396    -1.68   0.094    -63.13466    4.930813
                  52  |   -26.0535   18.29297    -1.42   0.154    -61.90705    9.800053
                  56  |  -31.13722   17.17418    -1.81   0.070      -64.798    2.523558
                  59  |  -34.43391   16.65148    -2.07   0.039    -67.07022   -1.797608
                  60  |  -15.45608   18.49246    -0.84   0.403    -51.70063    20.78847
                  65  |  -20.48632   16.49558    -1.24   0.214    -52.81705    11.84442
                  68  |  -27.10835   16.90635    -1.60   0.109    -60.24417    6.027484
                  70  |   -28.1629   16.40865    -1.72   0.086    -60.32326    3.997451
                  72  |  -35.82478   18.64671    -1.92   0.055    -72.37166    .7220971
                  75  |  -26.55549   16.70828    -1.59   0.112    -59.30311    6.192126
                  81  |  -27.61294    16.1902    -1.71   0.088    -59.34515    4.119265
                  82  |   -8.25913   18.09885    -0.46   0.648    -43.73222    27.21396
                  86  |   -31.1789    16.6349    -1.87   0.061     -63.7827    1.424907
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -21.28658   8.184778    -2.60   0.009    -37.32845   -5.244711
                1977  |  -22.89862   9.998665    -2.29   0.022    -42.49565   -3.301598
                1978  |  -5.891048    8.71339    -0.68   0.499    -22.96898    11.18688
                1979  |  -3.572317   8.979581    -0.40   0.691    -21.17197    14.02734
                1980  |  -12.73409   8.206577    -1.55   0.121    -28.81869    3.350504
                1981  |   -27.7554      8.934    -3.11   0.002    -45.26572   -10.24508
                1982  |  -15.86049   9.946289    -1.59   0.111    -35.35486    3.633875
                1983  |  -19.23804   9.581316    -2.01   0.045    -38.01708   -.4590061
                1984  |  -19.51494   9.011848    -2.17   0.030    -37.17784   -1.852044
                1985  |  -23.29075   9.418631    -2.47   0.013    -41.75092   -4.830567
                1986  |  -15.87471   9.836807    -1.61   0.107     -35.1545    3.405077
                1987  |  -3.647887   8.609934    -0.42   0.672    -20.52305    13.22727
                1988  |   12.52851   8.460801     1.48   0.139    -4.054356    29.11137
                1989  |   2.704622   8.269578     0.33   0.744    -13.50345     18.9127
                1990  |  -11.01963   8.484455    -1.30   0.194    -27.64885    5.609601
                1991  |  -12.98491   8.431671    -1.54   0.124    -29.51068    3.540862
                1992  |  -18.92514   8.567497    -2.21   0.027    -35.71712    -2.13315
                1993  |   6.884856    8.92638     0.77   0.441    -10.61053    24.38024
                1994  |  -3.641473   9.759345    -0.37   0.709    -22.76944    15.48649
                1995  |  -10.87083   9.838867    -1.10   0.269    -30.15466     8.41299
                1996  |  -19.27059   8.234428    -2.34   0.019    -35.40977   -3.131408
                1997  |  -26.46125   9.571441    -2.76   0.006    -45.22093    -7.70157
                1998  |  -36.37633   9.993242    -3.64   0.000    -55.96273   -16.78994
                1999  |  -28.32397   11.41677    -2.48   0.013    -50.70043   -5.947519
                2000  |  -13.65832   10.68405    -1.28   0.201    -34.59868    7.282037
                2001  |    -19.424   9.660902    -2.01   0.044    -38.35902   -.4889787
                2002  |  -23.91119   10.25557    -2.33   0.020    -44.01174   -3.810643
                2003  |   -17.7597   9.571946    -1.86   0.064    -36.52036    1.000973
                2004  |  -9.504189   9.150847    -1.04   0.299    -27.43952    8.431141
                2005  |  -3.166194   9.104327    -0.35   0.728    -21.01035    14.67796
                2006  |  -14.87421   9.303405    -1.60   0.110    -33.10855    3.360125
                2007  |  -10.30114   10.09322    -1.02   0.307    -30.08349    9.481218
                2008  |  -21.19237   8.937067    -2.37   0.018     -38.7087   -3.676042
                2009  |  -28.38527   8.440443    -3.36   0.001    -44.92824   -11.84231
                2010  |  -22.30086   9.084788    -2.45   0.014    -40.10672   -4.495001
                2011  |  -19.41005    8.36231    -2.32   0.020    -35.79988   -3.020224
                2012  |  -22.15444    8.41577    -2.63   0.008    -38.64904   -5.659832
                2013  |  -29.44396   9.182552    -3.21   0.001    -47.44143   -11.44649
                2014  |  -17.06357   9.307669    -1.83   0.067    -35.30627    1.179124
                2015  |  -17.98527   8.366659    -2.15   0.032    -34.38362   -1.586919
                2016  |  -24.65037   8.880167    -2.78   0.006    -42.05517    -7.24556
                      |
                _cons |   39.35748   21.41938     1.84   0.066    -2.623734     81.3387
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .1767106
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est2 stored)

. 
. * (3) President-Fixed
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w0
> 05e i.countryid i.year if  pfix1_sample==1 & president_fixed==1,hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  13
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =        627
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         38
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =       16.5
                                                              max =         37
Estimated covariances      =        38          R-squared         =     0.2088
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(87)     =     259.50
Estimated coefficients     =        88          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -15.57485   8.051402    -1.93   0.053    -31.35531    .2056046
           eltpolconv |   25.89949   15.14606     1.71   0.087    -3.786242    55.58522
              polconv |  -10.01486   8.977543    -1.12   0.265    -27.61052    7.580799
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   7.141672   13.95614     0.51   0.609    -20.21186    34.49521
           regimedum2 |   .3531588   5.923341     0.06   0.952    -11.25638    11.96269
           regimedum3 |   4.153744   5.993523     0.69   0.488    -7.593345    15.90083
           regimedum4 |   3.397024   6.609242     0.51   0.607    -9.556852     16.3509
          rpt_for_elt |  -16.47586   5.161438    -3.19   0.001    -26.59209   -6.359628
          chcpi_w005e |   -.500166   .4320403    -1.16   0.247    -1.346949    .3466174
                      |
            countryid |
                  12  |  -2.872633   5.562384    -0.52   0.606    -13.77471     8.02944
                  15  |   15.71687   16.06807     0.98   0.328    -15.77596     47.2097
                  21  |  -4.040548   6.523136    -0.62   0.536    -16.82566    8.744562
                  24  |  -5.926188   19.15321    -0.31   0.757     -43.4658    31.61342
                  25  |  -.3711902   6.897224    -0.05   0.957     -13.8895    13.14712
                  26  |   22.96507   12.70746     1.81   0.071    -1.941094    47.87124
                  29  |  -5.373748   5.968892    -0.90   0.368    -17.07256    6.325065
                  30  |    1.33277   5.933048     0.22   0.822    -10.29579    12.96133
                  32  |  -5.142169   5.033732    -1.02   0.307     -15.0081    4.723765
                  36  |   6.301408   14.43872     0.44   0.663    -21.99796    34.60078
                  37  |   17.39511   14.97908     1.16   0.246    -11.96335    46.75357
                  38  |   8.919618   9.458385     0.94   0.346    -9.618477    27.45771
                  39  |  -4.119518   4.873116    -0.85   0.398    -13.67065    5.431614
                  41  |   14.84413   19.12721     0.78   0.438    -22.64451    52.33278
                  43  |  -2.474285   8.679705    -0.29   0.776    -19.48619    14.53763
                  44  |   .1735262   5.398381     0.03   0.974    -10.40711    10.75416
                  49  |   12.87513   13.26001     0.97   0.332    -13.11401    38.86428
                  51  |    18.9259   9.996043     1.89   0.058     -.665985    38.51778
                  53  |   .9842946   10.08633     0.10   0.922    -18.78455    20.75314
                  54  |   3.334252    7.43956     0.45   0.654    -11.24702    17.91552
                  55  |   13.16421   12.85466     1.02   0.306    -12.03047    38.35889
                  57  |   .2399848   7.369067     0.03   0.974    -14.20312    14.68309
                  60  |  -15.64446   5.696922    -2.75   0.006    -26.81022   -4.478698
                  61  |   8.397764   9.408397     0.89   0.372    -10.04236    26.83788
                  63  |   84.75882   40.74592     2.08   0.038     4.898295    164.6194
                  64  |   4.700004   8.963159     0.52   0.600    -12.86746    22.26747
                  66  |   2.735031   6.800003     0.40   0.688    -10.59273    16.06279
                  67  |   7.498387   9.626373     0.78   0.436    -11.36896    26.36573
                  71  |   9.802322   7.292991     1.34   0.179    -4.491677    24.09632
                  73  |  -2.604824   5.319233    -0.49   0.624    -13.03033    7.820682
                  74  |  -3.525556   5.710448    -0.62   0.537    -14.71783    7.666717
                  76  |  -3.594499   10.99151    -0.33   0.744    -25.13746    17.94847
                  78  |  -1.525648   6.462884    -0.24   0.813    -14.19267    11.14137
                  80  |   22.35832   25.87611     0.86   0.388    -28.35793    73.07457
                  82  |  -6.492759   5.107625    -1.27   0.204    -16.50352    3.518002
                  92  |   -6.83449   7.806424    -0.88   0.381     -22.1348    8.465819
                  93  |  -1.397406   4.903568    -0.28   0.776    -11.00822     8.21341
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |   24.81541    16.6686     1.49   0.137    -7.854441    57.48525
                1977  |   16.69122   17.55882     0.95   0.342    -17.72342    51.10587
                1978  |   7.255823   17.54724     0.41   0.679    -27.13613    41.64777
                1979  |   25.19184   17.05175     1.48   0.140    -8.228972    58.61264
                1980  |  -18.15175   16.08592    -1.13   0.259    -49.67957    13.37607
                1981  |   10.07235   14.38351     0.70   0.484    -18.11882    38.26352
                1982  |   4.527881   14.47863     0.31   0.754    -23.84972    32.90548
                1983  |  -.5551945   14.43134    -0.04   0.969    -28.84009     27.7297
                1984  |   8.784196   14.44465     0.61   0.543     -19.5268    37.09519
                1985  |   6.453106   14.01318     0.46   0.645    -21.01223    33.91844
                1986  |   24.91803   13.75445     1.81   0.070    -2.040189    51.87625
                1987  |   20.23858   13.70774     1.48   0.140    -6.628094    47.10525
                1988  |   16.16015   13.48298     1.20   0.231      -10.266     42.5863
                1989  |   15.15045   13.75385     1.10   0.271     -11.8066     42.1075
                1990  |   25.17651   13.51831     1.86   0.063    -1.318882    51.67191
                1991  |   7.024616   13.68375     0.51   0.608    -19.79503    33.84426
                1992  |   14.86171   13.84017     1.07   0.283    -12.26452    41.98795
                1993  |   22.35695   13.76979     1.62   0.104    -4.631332    49.34524
                1994  |   22.39402   15.11068     1.48   0.138    -7.222373    52.01041
                1995  |   23.31221    14.8092     1.57   0.115    -5.713287    52.33771
                1996  |   18.79931   14.79005     1.27   0.204    -10.18865    47.78727
                1997  |   15.47609   14.42477     1.07   0.283    -12.79595    43.74812
                1998  |   13.97254   14.02645     1.00   0.319    -13.51879    41.46387
                1999  |   4.531936   14.44945     0.31   0.754    -23.78846    32.85233
                2000  |   16.82501   14.51275     1.16   0.246    -11.61945    45.26947
                2001  |   2.037903   14.60033     0.14   0.889    -26.57822    30.65403
                2002  |   10.94805   14.48863     0.76   0.450    -17.44914    39.34525
                2003  |   21.25713   13.98863     1.52   0.129    -6.160078    48.67434
                2004  |     17.714   14.18649     1.25   0.212    -10.09101    45.51901
                2005  |   18.27607     14.148     1.29   0.196    -9.453512    46.00564
                2006  |    21.3375   14.27766     1.49   0.135    -6.646193    49.32119
                2007  |    12.2977   14.38413     0.85   0.393    -15.89468    40.49009
                2008  |   20.28068   14.84554     1.37   0.172    -8.816041     49.3774
                2009  |  -12.90158     15.179    -0.85   0.395    -42.65187    16.84871
                2010  |   42.80025    15.7032     2.73   0.006     12.02255    73.57795
                2011  |    8.80962   15.36889     0.57   0.567    -21.31286     38.9321
                2012  |   16.38086   15.10202     1.08   0.278    -13.21854    45.98027
                2013  |   2.746169   15.17012     0.18   0.856    -26.98672    32.47906
                2014  |   1.181858   15.79531     0.07   0.940    -29.77637    32.14009
                2015  |  -3.364319   16.18244    -0.21   0.835    -35.08132    28.35269
                2016  |  -3.074889   16.40416    -0.19   0.851    -35.22645    29.07667
                      |
                _cons |  -2.231788   14.65932    -0.15   0.879    -30.96354    26.49996
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0038939
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est3 stored)

. 
. * (4) Disc.
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w0
> 05e i.countryid i.year if pfix0_sample==1 & president_fixed==0, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  9
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =        436
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         21
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          5
                                                              avg =  20.761905
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        21          R-squared         =     0.1916
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(70)     =     126.13
Estimated coefficients     =        71          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -3.038643   6.958545    -0.44   0.662    -16.67714    10.59986
           eltpolconv |   7.831119   11.06416     0.71   0.479    -13.85423    29.51647
              polconv |   6.719079   9.684167     0.69   0.488    -12.26154     25.6997
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |  -10.08672   16.37142    -0.62   0.538    -42.17411    22.00068
           regimedum2 |  -4.260619     4.8576    -0.88   0.380    -13.78134    5.260102
           regimedum3 |   -8.48535   7.156701    -1.19   0.236    -22.51223    5.541526
           regimedum4 |  -6.231069   3.608228    -1.73   0.084    -13.30307    .8409287
          rpt_for_elt |   4.151706   10.71127     0.39   0.698      -16.842    25.14541
          chcpi_w005e |  -4.152381   9.753039    -0.43   0.670    -23.26799    14.96322
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -25.37603   16.68882    -1.52   0.128    -58.08552     7.33347
                   9  |   -14.1558   18.21439    -0.78   0.437    -49.85536    21.54376
                  11  |  -23.11276   16.92977    -1.37   0.172     -56.2945    10.06897
                  13  |  -60.43051   21.33985    -2.83   0.005    -102.2559   -18.60517
                  27  |   -29.3741   17.18055    -1.71   0.087    -63.04736    4.299155
                  42  |  -14.79404   19.42012    -0.76   0.446    -52.85678    23.26871
                  45  |  -25.99047   16.47212    -1.58   0.115    -58.27524    6.294296
                  46  |  -28.27227     17.685    -1.60   0.110    -62.93425    6.389696
                  52  |  -25.39022    18.4353    -1.38   0.168    -61.52275    10.74231
                  56  |  -29.57409    17.3197    -1.71   0.088    -63.52009    4.371905
                  59  |  -33.21388    16.8322    -1.97   0.048    -66.20438   -.2233789
                  60  |  -15.07323    18.5951    -0.81   0.418    -51.51895    21.37249
                  65  |  -20.75503   16.58775    -1.25   0.211    -53.26644    11.75637
                  68  |  -26.19269   16.93682    -1.55   0.122    -59.38825    7.002874
                  70  |  -27.38864   16.47438    -1.66   0.096    -59.67784    4.900562
                  72  |  -34.32279   18.68799    -1.84   0.066    -70.95058    2.304986
                  75  |  -25.60715    16.8134    -1.52   0.128    -58.56081    7.346516
                  81  |  -28.30513   16.28267    -1.74   0.082    -60.21857    3.608316
                  82  |  -8.936604   18.11465    -0.49   0.622    -44.44067    26.56746
                  86  |  -30.34157    16.7101    -1.82   0.069    -63.09276    2.409618
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |   -21.0199   8.224041    -2.56   0.011    -37.13873   -4.901078
                1977  |  -22.39785   9.944103    -2.25   0.024    -41.88793   -2.907766
                1978  |    -6.2135   8.660257    -0.72   0.473    -23.18729    10.76029
                1979  |  -3.620401   8.935169    -0.41   0.685    -21.13301    13.89221
                1980  |  -12.55373   8.150736    -1.54   0.124    -28.52888    3.421416
                1981  |  -28.13966    8.81648    -3.19   0.001    -45.41965   -10.85968
                1982  |  -16.04778   9.843977    -1.63   0.103    -35.34162     3.24606
                1983  |  -19.56592   9.536384    -2.05   0.040    -38.25689   -.8749484
                1984  |  -19.68561   8.969962    -2.19   0.028    -37.26642   -2.104812
                1985  |  -23.86526   9.347258    -2.55   0.011    -42.18554   -5.544968
                1986  |  -16.19742   9.785618    -1.66   0.098    -35.37688    2.982036
                1987  |  -4.101924   8.549113    -0.48   0.631    -20.85788    12.65403
                1988  |    11.8473   8.391442     1.41   0.158    -4.599626    28.29422
                1989  |   1.902449    8.25812     0.23   0.818    -14.28317    18.08807
                1990  |  -13.71668   8.438995    -1.63   0.104     -30.2568    2.823451
                1991  |  -13.55163   8.439851    -1.61   0.108    -30.09343     2.99018
                1992  |  -22.44679   8.677922    -2.59   0.010    -39.45521    -5.43838
                1993  |   5.181132   8.894508     0.58   0.560    -12.25178    22.61405
                1994  |   -3.88149   9.729869    -0.40   0.690    -22.95168     15.1887
                1995  |  -10.99608   9.801344    -1.12   0.262    -30.20636    8.214196
                1996  |  -19.28528   8.317446    -2.32   0.020    -35.58718   -2.983388
                1997  |  -26.35536   9.689401    -2.72   0.007    -45.34623   -7.364482
                1998  |  -36.15341   10.05668    -3.59   0.000    -55.86414   -16.44268
                1999  |  -28.20052   11.51409    -2.45   0.014    -50.76773   -5.633315
                2000  |  -13.43553   10.82559    -1.24   0.215     -34.6533    7.782245
                2001  |  -19.56002   9.684628    -2.02   0.043    -38.54155   -.5785002
                2002  |  -24.16291   10.28272    -2.35   0.019    -44.31666   -4.009161
                2003  |  -17.89293   9.573689    -1.87   0.062    -36.65702    .8711538
                2004  |  -9.563362   9.161943    -1.04   0.297    -27.52044    8.393716
                2005  |  -2.956291   9.121589    -0.32   0.746    -20.83428     14.9217
                2006  |  -14.47195   9.364187    -1.55   0.122    -32.82542    3.881522
                2007  |  -9.973258   10.13658    -0.98   0.325    -29.84058    9.894067
                2008  |   -20.9635   8.960074    -2.34   0.019    -38.52492    -3.40208
                2009  |  -28.35405   8.445791    -3.36   0.001    -44.90749    -11.8006
                2010  |  -22.30507   9.111664    -2.45   0.014     -40.1636   -4.446535
                2011  |  -19.29845   8.385463    -2.30   0.021    -35.73366   -2.863244
                2012  |  -22.06078   8.424318    -2.62   0.009    -38.57214   -5.549421
                2013  |  -29.75005   9.162205    -3.25   0.001    -47.70765   -11.79246
                2014  |  -16.96688   9.340843    -1.82   0.069     -35.2746    1.340831
                2015  |  -17.98976   8.397907    -2.14   0.032    -34.44936   -1.530169
                2016  |  -24.57207   8.925801    -2.75   0.006    -42.06632   -7.077818
                      |
                _cons |   51.45021   18.18712     2.83   0.005     15.80411    87.09631
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .1679545
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est4 stored)

. 
. * (5) President-Fixed
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chc
> pi_w005e  i.year  if  pfix1_sample==1 & president_fixed==1,hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  13
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)
(note: estimates of rho outside [-1,1] bounded to be in the range [-1,1])

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =        627
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         38
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =       16.5
                                                              max =         37
Estimated covariances      =        38          R-squared         =     0.1137
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(50)     =     100.50
Estimated coefficients     =        51          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -34.69723   16.05754    -2.16   0.031    -66.16944   -3.225027
         eltlnpolconv |   8.474399   4.234276     2.00   0.045      .175371    16.77343
            lnpolconv |  -3.138828   2.333583    -1.35   0.179    -7.712566    1.434911
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |    2.49819   13.98045     0.18   0.858    -24.90298    29.89936
           regimedum2 |  -3.061521   3.820515    -0.80   0.423    -10.54959    4.426551
           regimedum3 |  -.8682084   4.655431    -0.19   0.852    -9.992686    8.256269
           regimedum4 |   2.535007   4.781178     0.53   0.596     -6.83593    11.90595
          rpt_for_elt |  -17.62665   5.393037    -3.27   0.001    -28.19681   -7.056489
          chcpi_w005e |  -.7077196   .4344407    -1.63   0.103    -1.559208    .1437685
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |   25.17352   17.76288     1.42   0.156    -9.641079    59.98812
                1977  |    19.2403   19.33228     1.00   0.320    -18.65028    57.13088
                1978  |    6.62837   19.73651     0.34   0.737    -32.05448    45.31122
                1979  |   25.75571   19.26483     1.34   0.181    -12.00266    63.51407
                1980  |  -22.02936   18.06282    -1.22   0.223    -57.43183    13.37311
                1981  |   13.72157   15.88328     0.86   0.388    -17.40908    44.85222
                1982  |   6.228122   16.03607     0.39   0.698      -25.202    37.65825
                1983  |   .6734742   15.87709     0.04   0.966    -30.44505      31.792
                1984  |   10.16497   15.87692     0.64   0.522    -20.95322    41.28316
                1985  |    6.96486   15.39897     0.45   0.651    -23.21656    37.14628
                1986  |   24.67668   15.16145     1.63   0.104    -5.039225    54.39258
                1987  |   21.07534   15.05337     1.40   0.162    -8.428725     50.5794
                1988  |   17.60739   14.85396     1.19   0.236    -11.50584    46.72061
                1989  |   17.29245   15.09087     1.15   0.252    -12.28511    46.87002
                1990  |   27.44564   14.85708     1.85   0.065    -1.673706    56.56498
                1991  |    8.33072   14.79539     0.56   0.573     -20.6677    37.32914
                1992  |   18.22375   14.98153     1.22   0.224    -11.13952    47.58701
                1993  |   24.47258   14.97228     1.63   0.102    -4.872556    53.81772
                1994  |   26.82914   16.03914     1.67   0.094    -4.607003    58.26528
                1995  |   28.74012   15.94033     1.80   0.071    -2.502355    59.98259
                1996  |   23.26452   15.82457     1.47   0.142    -7.751066    54.28011
                1997  |   19.04899   15.40499     1.24   0.216    -11.14423    49.24221
                1998  |   16.76809    14.9862     1.12   0.263    -12.60433     46.1405
                1999  |   7.443311   15.27974     0.49   0.626    -22.50442    37.39104
                2000  |   22.15239   15.37126     1.44   0.150    -7.974718     52.2795
                2001  |   7.920449   15.48599     0.51   0.609    -22.43153    38.27243
                2002  |   16.68543   15.46579     1.08   0.281    -13.62696    46.99782
                2003  |   26.00566   15.05956     1.73   0.084    -3.510532    55.52185
                2004  |   23.47219   15.19312     1.54   0.122    -6.305784    53.25016
                2005  |   23.74759   15.10128     1.57   0.116     -5.85037    53.34556
                2006  |   26.98916   15.25336     1.77   0.077    -2.906883     56.8852
                2007  |   19.40465    15.2826     1.27   0.204    -10.54869    49.35799
                2008  |   28.87843    16.2163     1.78   0.075    -2.904927    60.66179
                2009  |  -3.953175    16.4665    -0.24   0.810    -36.22693    28.32058
                2010  |   51.98838   16.94221     3.07   0.002     18.78225    85.19451
                2011  |   18.76807   16.56803     1.13   0.257    -13.70467     51.2408
                2012  |   27.36659   16.46749     1.66   0.097    -4.909096    59.64228
                2013  |   12.77169    16.5984     0.77   0.442    -19.76058    45.30396
                2014  |   12.12238   17.12252     0.71   0.479    -21.43714     45.6819
                2015  |   8.075292   17.71063     0.46   0.648     -26.6369    42.78748
                2016  |   8.463798   18.05784     0.47   0.639    -26.92891    43.85651
                      |
                _cons |   4.619323   16.60519     0.28   0.781    -27.92626     37.1649
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .1184288
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est5 stored)

. 
. * (6) Disc.
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chc
> pi_w005e i.year  if pfix0_sample==1 & president_fixed==0,hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  9
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =        436
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         21
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          5
                                                              avg =  20.761905
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        21          R-squared         =     0.1322
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(50)     =      88.99
Estimated coefficients     =        51          Prob > chi2       =     0.0006

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -19.06292   9.470784    -2.01   0.044    -37.62532   -.5005259
         eltlnpolconv |   5.215192   2.349459     2.22   0.026     .6103361    9.820047
            lnpolconv |  -1.828527   1.908501    -0.96   0.338    -5.569119    1.912066
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |  -4.578366   16.44476    -0.28   0.781     -36.8095    27.65277
           regimedum2 |   2.598212   3.695928     0.70   0.482    -4.645673    9.842098
           regimedum3 |   -3.30585   5.697125    -0.58   0.562    -14.47201    7.860309
           regimedum4 |  -.3803274   3.129662    -0.12   0.903    -6.514351    5.753697
          rpt_for_elt |   5.254422   10.84958     0.48   0.628    -16.01037    26.51921
          chcpi_w005e |  -9.577397   8.012428    -1.20   0.232    -25.28147    6.126674
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -20.55793    8.29115    -2.48   0.013    -36.80828   -4.307575
                1977  |  -20.23576   10.27158    -1.97   0.049    -40.36769    -.103826
                1978  |  -6.792165   8.966478    -0.76   0.449    -24.36614    10.78181
                1979  |  -3.639155   9.223061    -0.39   0.693    -21.71602    14.43771
                1980  |  -12.12145   8.485643    -1.43   0.153    -28.75301      4.5101
                1981  |   -27.1448   9.182362    -2.96   0.003     -45.1419   -9.147705
                1982  |  -18.19613   9.999678    -1.82   0.069    -37.79514    1.402878
                1983  |  -22.21142   9.640595    -2.30   0.021    -41.10664     -3.3162
                1984  |  -22.97741   9.097957    -2.53   0.012    -40.80908   -5.145742
                1985  |   -27.0988   9.463684    -2.86   0.004    -45.64728   -8.550318
                1986  |  -19.13401   9.916737    -1.93   0.054    -38.57046    .3024343
                1987  |  -8.840893   8.732353    -1.01   0.311    -25.95599    8.274204
                1988  |   7.091596   8.609844     0.82   0.410    -9.783388    23.96658
                1989  |  -3.356101   8.341106    -0.40   0.687    -19.70437    12.99217
                1990  |  -18.86381   8.614701    -2.19   0.029    -35.74831   -1.979305
                1991  |  -15.91228   8.442962    -1.88   0.059    -32.46018    .6356236
                1992  |  -23.27172   8.699038    -2.68   0.007    -40.32152   -6.221916
                1993  |   4.497778   9.071179     0.50   0.620    -13.28141    22.27696
                1994  |  -5.392139   10.06344    -0.54   0.592    -25.11611    14.33183
                1995  |  -10.85277   10.14761    -1.07   0.285    -30.74172     9.03617
                1996  |  -17.72722   8.426505    -2.10   0.035    -34.24286    -1.21157
                1997  |  -23.06996   9.790323    -2.36   0.018    -42.25864   -3.881277
                1998  |  -32.07435   10.34764    -3.10   0.002    -52.35536   -11.79335
                1999  |  -24.48341   11.60326    -2.11   0.035    -47.22538   -1.741436
                2000  |  -10.32201   10.86379    -0.95   0.342    -31.61464    10.97063
                2001  |  -15.92859   9.940705    -1.60   0.109    -35.41201    3.554836
                2002  |  -20.54218   10.51212    -1.95   0.051    -41.14555    .0611871
                2003  |  -15.44829   9.841905    -1.57   0.116    -34.73807    3.841491
                2004  |   -7.72833   9.454118    -0.82   0.414    -26.25806     10.8014
                2005  |  -.0330475   9.424308    -0.00   0.997    -18.50435    18.43826
                2006  |  -10.87932   9.765691    -1.11   0.265    -30.01972    8.261079
                2007  |  -7.115124   10.47281    -0.68   0.497    -27.64146    13.41121
                2008  |  -18.83661   9.303485    -2.02   0.043    -37.07111   -.6021169
                2009  |  -26.46493   8.764652    -3.02   0.003    -43.64333   -9.286529
                2010  |  -19.38347   9.425813    -2.06   0.040    -37.85772    -.909215
                2011  |  -16.94383   8.673804    -1.95   0.051    -33.94418    .0565099
                2012  |  -19.92619   8.716531    -2.29   0.022    -37.01028   -2.842105
                2013  |  -26.13534    9.40558    -2.78   0.005    -44.56994   -7.700744
                2014  |  -13.83629   9.524031    -1.45   0.146    -32.50304     4.83047
                2015  |  -15.90006   8.453322    -1.88   0.060    -32.46826     .668149
                2016  |  -22.53276   8.996984    -2.50   0.012    -40.16653   -4.898998
                      |
                _cons |   31.74054   9.810464     3.24   0.001     12.51239     50.9687
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .2306012
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est6 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table 4.rtf", title("Table 4. Presidential Systems with Fixed Elections") mtitles( "President-Fixed"  "Di
> sc." "President-Fixed" "Disc." "President-Fixed" "Disc.")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress keep(elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv polconv
>  eltpolconv  chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt  chcpi_w005e ) order(elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltpo
> lconv polconv  chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt  chcpi_w005e) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace
>  unstack b(2)
(output written to ./working data/Table 4.rtf)

. 
. eststo clear

. 
. 
. /////////////////////////////////////////////
> /// Appendix Table A2. Descriptive Statistics
> ////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. sum chrprivgfcf100_w005e chrprivgfcf100 elt polconv lnpolconv xconst lnxconst v2x_liberal lnv2xlib chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e chlgrealpcgdp
> US chcpi_w005e chcpi chrealinterest_w005e chrealinterest regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 regimedum1 rpt_for_elt lgurbanpct if main_sa
> mple==1

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
chrpriv~005e |      1,069    9.475802    32.50303  -53.35761   295.5373
chrprivg~100 |      1,069    11.80998    71.68934  -75.75466   1625.817
         elt |      1,069    .2207671    .4149579          0          1
     polconv |      1,069    .4760367    .2169004          0   .8551234
   lnpolconv |      1,069    3.696484    .8079576          0   4.460287
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
      xconst |      1,057    5.854305    1.064031          3          7
    lnxconst |      1,057    1.748215    .2027748   1.098612    1.94591
 v2x_liberal |      1,069    .6410346    .1713128       .187       .934
    lnv2xlib |      1,069    4.118576    .3037441   2.928524   4.536891
chlgrea~005e |      1,069    .0634448    .1297355  -.3734296   .5998697
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
chlgrealpc~S |      1,069    .0636934    .1349018  -.5220064   .9826713
 chcpi_w005e |      1,069    .2823625    1.596133  -.0230213   19.27381
       chcpi |      1,069    .3851305    3.221618  -.0779664   74.81664
chreali~005e |        810    .0362587    7.574344  -34.34671   33.69355
chrealinte~t |        810    .1511696    9.099815  -57.53378    99.7997
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
  regimedum4 |      1,069    .3348924    .4721737          0          1
  regimedum3 |      1,069    .0851263    .2792001          0          1
  regimedum2 |      1,069    .2853134    .4517749          0          1
  regimedum1 |      1,069    .2946679    .4561067          0          1
 rpt_for_elt |      1,069    .0009355    .1589969         -1          1
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
  lgurbanpct |      1,069    45.69412    19.34385      8.541     95.045

. sum englishlaw lpd1500s if main_sample==1 & colony==1 &lpd1500s!=. &englishlaw!=.

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
  englishlaw |        813    .4452645    .4973009          0          1
    lpd1500s |        813    .4822117    1.562319  -2.210722   3.218876

. 
. 
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // The below code replicates all supplemental analyses included in the online supplemental materials.
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. clear

. eststo clear

. 
. use "main_analyses_and_supplemental_tables.dta" 

. 
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Supplemental Table S1. Alternative Executive Election Indicators
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * (1) Half-years
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e e1 e2 e1lnpolconv e2lnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt
> 2 chcpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1692
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(108)    =     212.11
Estimated coefficients     =       109          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   e1 |  -10.29374   13.67368    -0.75   0.452    -37.09366    16.50618
                   e2 |  -33.32261   13.25407    -2.51   0.012     -59.3001   -7.345122
          e1lnpolconv |   3.311019     3.5743     0.93   0.354    -3.694481    10.31652
          e2lnpolconv |   7.708307   3.348177     2.30   0.021     1.146001    14.27061
            lnpolconv |   .4136783   1.728973     0.24   0.811    -2.975046    3.802402
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   7.758446   10.68797     0.73   0.468    -13.18959    28.70648
           regimedum2 |  -3.965339   3.871363    -1.02   0.306    -11.55307    3.622393
           regimedum3 |   1.673159   5.110078     0.33   0.743    -8.342409    11.68873
           regimedum4 |   .8940818   3.916633     0.23   0.819    -6.782377     8.57054
                 rpt2 |  -14.91278   6.226942    -2.39   0.017    -27.11736   -2.708199
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6232219   .4326635    -1.44   0.150    -1.471227     .224783
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -21.34854   15.78278    -1.35   0.176    -52.28223    9.585144
                   9  |  -6.042903   17.09481    -0.35   0.724    -39.54811     27.4623
                  10  |  -22.49963   15.83457    -1.42   0.155    -53.53482    8.535561
                  11  |  -17.03679   15.68582    -1.09   0.277    -47.78042    13.70685
                  12  |  -25.94884   15.49009    -1.68   0.094    -56.30886    4.411177
                  13  |  -56.92934   17.28274    -3.29   0.001    -90.80288    -23.0558
                  15  |  -9.422661   21.62259    -0.44   0.663    -51.80217    32.95684
                  21  |   -29.8836   16.13656    -1.85   0.064    -61.51067    1.743475
                  24  |  -25.24715   25.54437    -0.99   0.323     -75.3132    24.81889
                  25  |  -29.25497   15.84195    -1.85   0.065    -60.30461    1.794674
                  26  |  -.5757293   18.57886    -0.03   0.975    -36.98962    35.83816
                  27  |  -25.23131   15.56354    -1.62   0.105    -55.73529    5.272665
                  29  |  -30.83819   15.89519    -1.94   0.052    -61.99219    .3158206
                  30  |  -19.28943   15.37587    -1.25   0.210    -49.42559    10.84672
                  32  |  -25.55342     15.326    -1.67   0.095    -55.59184    4.484994
                  36  |  -20.92914   21.61183    -0.97   0.333    -63.28756    21.42927
                  37  |  -3.917787    21.5746    -0.18   0.856    -46.20323    38.36765
                  38  |  -8.611071   17.88797    -0.48   0.630    -43.67085    26.44871
                  39  |  -24.41738   15.43381    -1.58   0.114    -54.66709    5.832329
                  41  |  -8.283268   25.09201    -0.33   0.741     -57.4627    40.89616
                  42  |  -17.13196   18.29969    -0.94   0.349    -52.99869    18.73478
                  43  |  -20.49446   17.19187    -1.19   0.233    -54.18991    13.20099
                  44  |  -19.83782   15.52234    -1.28   0.201    -50.26105    10.58541
                  45  |   -25.6649   15.37709    -1.67   0.095    -55.80345    4.473647
                  46  |  -32.38426   16.25781    -1.99   0.046    -64.24898   -.5195357
                  49  |  -10.50039   19.05966    -0.55   0.582    -47.85664    26.85585
                  51  |  -4.726925   17.39329    -0.27   0.786    -38.81715     29.3633
                  52  |   -18.2739   17.23947    -1.06   0.289    -52.06264    15.51485
                  53  |  -21.18582   16.97905    -1.25   0.212    -54.46416    12.09251
                  54  |  -20.11435   16.37237    -1.23   0.219    -52.20361    11.97491
                  55  |  -6.987249   19.93116    -0.35   0.726    -46.05161    32.07711
                  56  |  -23.24658   16.09541    -1.44   0.149    -54.79302    8.299848
                  57  |  -22.93853   15.57395    -1.47   0.141    -53.46292    7.585864
                  59  |  -28.76541   15.57625    -1.85   0.065     -59.2943    1.763476
                  60  |  -24.72534   16.07086    -1.54   0.124    -56.22364    6.772961
                  61  |  -17.68944    17.0251    -1.04   0.299    -51.05802    15.67914
                  63  |    65.5997   48.98537     1.34   0.181    -30.40986    161.6093
                  64  |  -19.16848   17.13626    -1.12   0.263    -52.75494    14.41797
                  65  |  -22.12149   15.63747    -1.41   0.157    -52.77037    8.527389
                  66  |  -19.28371   16.09372    -1.20   0.231    -50.82683    12.25941
                  67  |  -17.84036   17.30978    -1.03   0.303     -51.7669    16.08619
                  68  |  -23.77243   16.18268    -1.47   0.142    -55.48989    7.945038
                  70  |  -27.77698   15.49694    -1.79   0.073    -58.15043    2.596474
                  71  |  -12.05389   15.98559    -0.75   0.451    -43.38506    19.27729
                  72  |  -30.57709   17.29403    -1.77   0.077    -64.47276    3.318588
                  73  |  -25.34299   15.80593    -1.60   0.109    -56.32204    5.636061
                  74  |  -26.31543   15.63385    -1.68   0.092    -56.95721    4.326346
                  75  |  -21.03411   15.91815    -1.32   0.186    -52.23312    10.16489
                  76  |  -23.47348   17.29333    -1.36   0.175    -57.36778    10.42083
                  78  |  -21.51914   15.48969    -1.39   0.165    -51.87837    8.840099
                  80  |   .8242716   32.57514     0.03   0.980    -63.02183    64.67037
                  81  |  -26.24906   15.30635    -1.71   0.086    -56.24896     3.75084
                  82  |  -25.12228   15.65064    -1.61   0.108    -55.79697    5.552417
                  86  |  -23.97296   15.61195    -1.54   0.125    -54.57182    6.625905
                  92  |  -31.71185   16.40784    -1.93   0.053    -63.87063    .4469236
                  93  |  -22.48196   15.43247    -1.46   0.145    -52.72905    7.765117
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -10.52947   7.768748    -1.36   0.175    -25.75593       4.697
                1977  |  -8.446647   8.827484    -0.96   0.339     -25.7482    8.854905
                1978  |  -2.714663   7.742077    -0.35   0.726    -17.88886    12.45953
                1979  |  -.5746332   7.955484    -0.07   0.942     -16.1671    15.01783
                1980  |  -18.67594   7.735635    -2.41   0.016     -33.8375   -3.514371
                1981  |  -17.04498   7.624371    -2.24   0.025    -31.98847   -2.101487
                1982  |  -17.72348   8.299041    -2.14   0.033    -33.98931   -1.457663
                1983  |  -17.99684   8.005167    -2.25   0.025    -33.68667   -2.306997
                1984  |  -13.88935   7.829928    -1.77   0.076    -29.23573    1.457029
                1985  |  -19.35153   7.539188    -2.57   0.010    -34.12807   -4.574993
                1986  |   .0831743   7.673067     0.01   0.991    -14.95576    15.12211
                1987  |  -3.481534   7.226646    -0.48   0.630     -17.6455    10.68243
                1988  |  -.5337188   6.924979    -0.08   0.939    -14.10643    13.03899
                1989  |  -3.802085   7.042069    -0.54   0.589    -17.60429    10.00012
                1990  |  -.8499709   6.867302    -0.12   0.901    -14.30964    12.60969
                1991  |  -14.51388     6.7951    -2.14   0.033    -27.83203    -1.19573
                1992  |  -12.42666    7.10121    -1.75   0.080    -26.34478    1.491452
                1993  |    3.51576   7.076506     0.50   0.619    -10.35394    17.38546
                1994  |   1.589326   7.902906     0.20   0.841    -13.90009    17.07874
                1995  |  -2.952491   7.852738    -0.38   0.707    -18.34357    12.43859
                1996  |  -10.28031   7.508839    -1.37   0.171    -24.99737    4.436743
                1997  |  -15.10829   7.709188    -1.96   0.050    -30.21802    .0014363
                1998  |  -19.17286   7.453059    -2.57   0.010    -33.78059   -4.565137
                1999  |  -22.89897   7.934978    -2.89   0.004    -38.45124   -7.346703
                2000  |  -6.819165   7.995095    -0.85   0.394    -22.48926    8.850933
                2001  |  -18.99765   7.820758    -2.43   0.015    -34.32606   -3.669248
                2002  |  -15.48976   7.816297    -1.98   0.048    -30.80942   -.1700975
                2003  |  -8.568074   7.453834    -1.15   0.250    -23.17732    6.041173
                2004  |  -7.353369    7.31521    -1.01   0.315    -21.69092    6.984179
                2005  |  -3.407635   7.339354    -0.46   0.642    -17.79251    10.97724
                2006  |  -6.278945   7.470371    -0.84   0.401     -20.9206    8.362713
                2007  |  -10.87427   7.679943    -1.42   0.157    -25.92668    4.178139
                2008  |  -10.71965    7.85495    -1.36   0.172    -26.11507     4.67577
                2009  |  -33.83216   7.817003    -4.33   0.000    -49.15321   -18.51112
                2010  |    3.81985   8.353111     0.46   0.647    -12.55195    20.19165
                2011  |  -16.33032   8.016508    -2.04   0.042    -32.04238   -.6182487
                2012  |  -12.65725   7.980435    -1.59   0.113    -28.29861    2.984116
                2013  |  -23.28475   8.247573    -2.82   0.005    -39.44969   -7.119802
                2014  |  -18.89564   8.539943    -2.21   0.027    -35.63362   -2.157657
                2015  |   -23.0495   8.731629    -2.64   0.008    -40.16318   -5.935823
                2016  |  -22.91773   9.019499    -2.54   0.011    -40.59563   -5.239841
                      |
                _cons |   41.27636   17.68192     2.33   0.020     6.620436    75.93229
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0789937
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) Half-years
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e e1 e2 e1polconv e2polconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt2 chcp
> i_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1703
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(108)    =     214.35
Estimated coefficients     =       109          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   e1 |  -7.818161   7.073881    -1.11   0.269    -21.68271    6.046392
                   e2 |  -23.45769   7.679909    -3.05   0.002    -38.51004   -8.405345
            e1polconv |   20.24384   12.39374     1.63   0.102    -4.047447    44.53513
            e2polconv |   37.56061   12.35812     3.04   0.002     13.33914    61.78208
              polconv |  -7.516161   6.476415    -1.16   0.246     -20.2097     5.17738
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   8.665092   10.68351     0.81   0.417    -12.27421    29.60439
           regimedum2 |  -3.483796   3.877705    -0.90   0.369    -11.08396    4.116367
           regimedum3 |    2.30199   5.102541     0.45   0.652    -7.698806    12.30279
           regimedum4 |   1.099587   3.909457     0.28   0.779    -6.562808    8.761982
                 rpt2 |  -14.61436   6.258394    -2.34   0.020    -26.88059   -2.348135
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6110657   .4354034    -1.40   0.160    -1.464441    .2423093
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -21.16569   15.76911    -1.34   0.180    -52.07257    9.741184
                   9  |  -12.05535   16.54061    -0.73   0.466    -44.47435    20.36365
                  10  |  -22.06456   15.81009    -1.40   0.163    -53.05177    8.922649
                  11  |  -16.01542   15.69388    -1.02   0.307    -46.77487    14.74403
                  12  |  -24.11647   15.57362    -1.55   0.121    -54.64021    6.407266
                  13  |  -55.44233    17.4141    -3.18   0.001    -89.57334   -21.31131
                  15  |  -7.064848    21.4929    -0.33   0.742    -49.19016    35.06046
                  21  |  -29.33353   16.09751    -1.82   0.068    -60.88408    2.217013
                  24  |  -26.67754   24.68301    -1.08   0.280    -75.05534    21.70026
                  25  |  -26.87123   15.97216    -1.68   0.092    -58.17609    4.433625
                  26  |  -2.124058   18.89311    -0.11   0.910    -39.15388    34.90576
                  27  |  -24.78907   15.63516    -1.59   0.113    -55.43343    5.855277
                  29  |  -29.84726   15.89771    -1.88   0.060    -61.00619     1.31168
                  30  |  -20.46489   15.39467    -1.33   0.184    -50.63789    9.708108
                  32  |   -25.8174   15.32208    -1.68   0.092    -55.84812    4.213318
                  36  |  -19.67391   21.60938    -0.91   0.363    -62.02751    22.67969
                  37  |  -4.552601   21.54513    -0.21   0.833    -46.78027    37.67507
                  38  |  -8.603994   17.88809    -0.48   0.631    -43.66401    26.45602
                  39  |  -23.63622   15.42444    -1.53   0.125    -53.86756     6.59512
                  41  |  -9.476359   25.16376    -0.38   0.706    -58.79643    39.84371
                  42  |  -16.56915    18.2466    -0.91   0.364    -52.33182    19.19352
                  43  |  -22.44198   16.51938    -1.36   0.174    -54.81937    9.935402
                  44  |  -19.82444   15.53338    -1.28   0.202    -50.26931    10.62042
                  45  |  -24.13158   15.41545    -1.57   0.117    -54.34532    6.082153
                  46  |  -31.94804   16.47081    -1.94   0.052    -64.23023    .3341454
                  49  |   -9.74373   18.82359    -0.52   0.605    -46.63729    27.14983
                  51  |  -4.422642    17.3611    -0.25   0.799    -38.44978    29.60449
                  52  |  -16.22381   17.20334    -0.94   0.346    -49.94172    17.49411
                  53  |  -21.90813   16.93287    -1.29   0.196    -55.09595    11.27969
                  54  |  -19.43353   16.37129    -1.19   0.235    -51.52066    12.65361
                  55  |  -7.179769   19.78239    -0.36   0.717    -45.95254      31.593
                  56  |  -21.25513   16.19104    -1.31   0.189    -52.98899    10.47872
                  57  |  -23.07371   15.56228    -1.48   0.138    -53.57522      7.4278
                  59  |  -26.71937   15.68551    -1.70   0.088     -57.4624    4.023662
                  60  |  -23.37114   16.16648    -1.45   0.148    -55.05686     8.31458
                  61  |  -15.98039   17.15765    -0.93   0.352    -49.60876    17.64799
                  63  |   65.51251   48.44428     1.35   0.176    -29.43653    160.4615
                  64  |   -17.5281    17.0477    -1.03   0.304    -50.94099    15.88478
                  65  |  -21.62498    15.6638    -1.38   0.167    -52.32546    9.075496
                  66  |  -18.19808   16.07784    -1.13   0.258    -49.71006     13.3139
                  67  |  -17.23946   17.30759    -1.00   0.319    -51.16171    16.68279
                  68  |  -22.90875   16.18411    -1.42   0.157    -54.62903    8.811518
                  70  |  -27.49021   15.50301    -1.77   0.076    -57.87554    2.895128
                  71  |  -12.70493   15.97958    -0.80   0.427    -44.02433    18.61448
                  72  |  -28.80394   17.36052    -1.66   0.097    -62.82993    5.222041
                  73  |  -25.53274   15.81801    -1.61   0.106    -56.53548    5.469998
                  74  |  -26.73449   15.63542    -1.71   0.087    -57.37935    3.910372
                  75  |  -19.77614   15.97646    -1.24   0.216    -51.08942    11.53714
                  76  |  -24.25226   17.45747    -1.39   0.165    -58.46827     9.96374
                  78  |  -22.57304   15.48045    -1.46   0.145    -52.91418    7.768092
                  80  |   1.301472   32.41998     0.04   0.968    -62.24051    64.84346
                  81  |  -26.11962   15.30954    -1.71   0.088    -56.12577    3.886537
                  82  |  -24.93515   15.66843    -1.59   0.112    -55.64471    5.774417
                  86  |  -23.42679   15.62151    -1.50   0.134    -54.04438    7.190807
                  92  |  -30.02993   16.50979    -1.82   0.069    -62.38852    2.328656
                  93  |  -21.87313   15.44237    -1.42   0.157    -52.13962    8.393362
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -10.53755   7.856586    -1.34   0.180    -25.93617    4.861075
                1977  |  -7.628691   8.910825    -0.86   0.392    -25.09359    9.836205
                1978  |   -3.63303   7.806962    -0.47   0.642    -18.93439    11.66833
                1979  |  -2.138356   7.928541    -0.27   0.787    -17.67801     13.4013
                1980  |  -20.18835   7.707343    -2.62   0.009    -35.29446   -5.082231
                1981  |  -18.90149   7.599734    -2.49   0.013    -33.79669   -4.006283
                1982  |   -17.9336   8.334019    -2.15   0.031    -34.26798    -1.59922
                1983  |  -18.44401   8.049494    -2.29   0.022    -34.22073   -2.667296
                1984  |  -13.71343   7.881251    -1.74   0.082     -29.1604    1.733537
                1985  |  -19.28021   7.584888    -2.54   0.011    -34.14631   -4.414099
                1986  |  -.5425739   7.665008    -0.07   0.944    -15.56571    14.48057
                1987  |  -4.204771    7.26594    -0.58   0.563    -18.44575    10.03621
                1988  |  -.9144137    6.95229    -0.13   0.895    -14.54065    12.71182
                1989  |  -3.999001   7.074996    -0.57   0.572    -17.86574    9.867736
                1990  |  -1.341487   6.899992    -0.19   0.846    -14.86522    12.18225
                1991  |  -15.85675   6.839302    -2.32   0.020    -29.26154   -2.451968
                1992  |  -14.23503   7.166675    -1.99   0.047    -28.28146    -.188608
                1993  |   3.936699   7.100522     0.55   0.579     -9.98007    17.85347
                1994  |   1.324805   7.990761     0.17   0.868     -14.3368    16.98641
                1995  |  -2.216021   7.897965    -0.28   0.779    -17.69575    13.26371
                1996  |  -9.588409   7.581306    -1.26   0.206     -24.4475    5.270677
                1997  |  -14.36685   7.780847    -1.85   0.065    -29.61703      .88333
                1998  |  -18.86832   7.488755    -2.52   0.012    -33.54601   -4.190631
                1999  |  -22.67162   7.992374    -2.84   0.005    -38.33638   -7.006853
                2000  |  -6.856091   8.003164    -0.86   0.392      -22.542    8.829822
                2001  |  -18.69011   7.880631    -2.37   0.018    -34.13586   -3.244354
                2002  |  -15.56753   7.853684    -1.98   0.047    -30.96047   -.1745947
                2003  |  -8.696045   7.481379    -1.16   0.245    -23.35928    5.967188
                2004  |  -6.954504   7.350209    -0.95   0.344    -21.36065     7.45164
                2005  |  -3.386185   7.375763    -0.46   0.646    -17.84241    11.07004
                2006  |  -6.027108   7.490912    -0.80   0.421    -20.70903    8.654809
                2007  |  -10.70304   7.702554    -1.39   0.165    -25.79977    4.393686
                2008  |   -10.9603   7.872049    -1.39   0.164    -26.38924    4.468629
                2009  |  -33.11627   7.837966    -4.23   0.000     -48.4784   -17.75413
                2010  |   3.573447   8.363917     0.43   0.669    -12.81953    19.96642
                2011  |  -16.07655   8.038503    -2.00   0.046    -31.83173   -.3213769
                2012  |  -12.45229   7.991487    -1.56   0.119    -28.11532    3.210737
                2013  |  -22.99536   8.274847    -2.78   0.005    -39.21376   -6.776957
                2014  |  -18.02403   8.555872    -2.11   0.035    -34.79323   -1.254825
                2015  |  -22.88087   8.746186    -2.62   0.009    -40.02308   -5.738661
                2016  |  -22.69042   9.027024    -2.51   0.012    -40.38306   -4.997779
                      |
                _cons |   45.60578   16.84927     2.71   0.007     12.58182    78.62975
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0745524
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est2 stored)

. 
. * (3) Calendar year
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e calelecyr calelecyrlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt2
>  chcpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1648
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     203.64
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
            calelecyr |  -22.09705   9.761948    -2.26   0.024    -41.23011    -2.96398
   calelecyrlnpolconv |    5.56933   2.507896     2.22   0.026      .653944    10.48472
            lnpolconv |   .5828698   1.734049     0.34   0.737    -2.815803    3.981543
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |    6.90179   10.72168     0.64   0.520    -14.11231    27.91589
           regimedum2 |  -4.328201    3.92556    -1.10   0.270    -12.02216    3.365756
           regimedum3 |   1.272605   5.141889     0.25   0.805    -8.805313    11.35052
           regimedum4 |   .6453735   3.970058     0.16   0.871    -7.135797    8.426544
                 rpt2 |    -14.743   6.181375    -2.39   0.017    -26.85827   -2.627724
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6263586   .4352982    -1.44   0.150    -1.479527    .2268102
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -22.37802   15.79311    -1.42   0.156    -53.33194    8.575893
                   9  |  -6.632558   17.23315    -0.38   0.700    -40.40892     27.1438
                  10  |  -23.45652   15.81721    -1.48   0.138    -54.45767    7.544641
                  11  |  -18.68234   15.63624    -1.19   0.232    -49.32881    11.96413
                  12  |  -27.60435   15.44447    -1.79   0.074    -57.87494    2.666252
                  13  |  -58.88503   17.28066    -3.41   0.001    -92.75449   -25.01556
                  15  |  -10.66964   21.83064    -0.49   0.625    -53.45691    32.11764
                  21  |  -30.16937   16.10122    -1.87   0.061    -61.72719    1.388446
                  24  |  -28.76127    24.8534    -1.16   0.247    -77.47304     19.9505
                  25  |  -30.08845   15.81955    -1.90   0.057     -61.0942    .9172939
                  26  |  -4.080676   18.80165    -0.22   0.828    -40.93124    32.76989
                  27  |  -26.76058   15.51664    -1.72   0.085    -57.17263    3.651482
                  29  |  -30.84245    15.8774    -1.94   0.052    -61.96158    .2766906
                  30  |  -18.95351   15.35151    -1.23   0.217    -49.04191    11.13489
                  32  |   -25.8149   15.29666    -1.69   0.091    -55.79581    4.166011
                  36  |  -21.73706    21.6004    -1.01   0.314    -64.07307    20.59895
                  37  |  -4.396542   21.63039    -0.20   0.839    -46.79133    37.99825
                  38  |  -11.09153   17.93219    -0.62   0.536    -46.23797    24.05491
                  39  |  -26.40891   15.39075    -1.72   0.086    -56.57422    3.756405
                  41  |  -9.643312    25.3534    -0.38   0.704    -59.33506    40.04844
                  42  |  -18.43145   18.33172    -1.01   0.315    -54.36095    17.49806
                  43  |  -22.45957   16.78971    -1.34   0.181    -55.36679    10.44766
                  44  |  -21.96011   15.45188    -1.42   0.155    -52.24523    8.325018
                  45  |   -26.6699   15.34181    -1.74   0.082    -56.73929    3.399486
                  46  |  -33.59677   16.19603    -2.07   0.038    -65.34041   -1.853133
                  49  |  -12.67735    19.1719    -0.66   0.508    -50.25357    24.89888
                  51  |  -6.848089   17.41158    -0.39   0.694    -40.97415    27.27798
                  52  |  -19.10924   17.32957    -1.10   0.270    -53.07456    14.85609
                  53  |  -23.00368   16.96748    -1.36   0.175    -56.25933    10.25196
                  54  |  -22.00067   16.34151    -1.35   0.178    -54.02943    10.02809
                  55  |   -6.82539   20.13346    -0.34   0.735    -46.28625    32.63547
                  56  |  -24.55146   16.09718    -1.53   0.127    -56.10136    6.998441
                  57  |  -24.66622   15.55996    -1.59   0.113    -55.16318    5.830734
                  59  |  -30.45081    15.5442    -1.96   0.050    -60.91688    .0152685
                  60  |  -25.51587   16.04261    -1.59   0.112     -56.9588    5.927066
                  61  |  -18.55918   16.99834    -1.09   0.275    -51.87531    14.75694
                  63  |   63.68932   49.68311     1.28   0.200    -33.68779    161.0664
                  64  |  -20.81902   17.04455    -1.22   0.222    -54.22571    12.58768
                  65  |   -23.1519   15.62789    -1.48   0.138      -53.782    7.478194
                  66  |  -21.16312   16.02214    -1.32   0.187    -52.56595     10.2397
                  67  |  -19.04786   17.33032    -1.10   0.272    -53.01466    14.91894
                  68  |  -24.84263   16.16666    -1.54   0.124     -56.5287    6.843439
                  70  |  -29.08604   15.48316    -1.88   0.060    -59.43248    1.260403
                  71  |  -12.40961   15.96529    -0.78   0.437      -43.701    18.88179
                  72  |  -31.52312   17.28668    -1.82   0.068    -65.40439     2.35816
                  73  |  -25.03438   15.79927    -1.58   0.113    -56.00038    5.931625
                  74  |  -26.26223   15.63829    -1.68   0.093    -56.91272     4.38826
                  75  |  -23.16426   15.86797    -1.46   0.144    -54.26491    7.936394
                  76  |  -24.73659   17.60277    -1.41   0.160    -59.23738     9.76421
                  78  |  -21.75061   15.46501    -1.41   0.160    -52.06147    8.560256
                  80  |  -1.134985   32.86065    -0.03   0.972    -65.54068    63.27071
                  81  |  -27.15436   15.26767    -1.78   0.075    -57.07845    2.769724
                  82  |  -26.93727   15.59982    -1.73   0.084    -57.51236    3.637816
                  86  |  -25.70115    15.5577    -1.65   0.099    -56.19368    4.791371
                  92  |  -33.43428   16.38518    -2.04   0.041    -65.54863   -1.319922
                  93  |  -24.14155    15.3879    -1.57   0.117    -54.30127    6.018181
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -11.10001   7.678863    -1.45   0.148    -26.15031    3.950283
                1977  |  -9.621836   8.718434    -1.10   0.270    -26.70965     7.46598
                1978  |  -2.786476   7.656357    -0.36   0.716    -17.79266    12.21971
                1979  |  -1.095074   7.877475    -0.14   0.889    -16.53464    14.34449
                1980  |  -17.44907   7.626829    -2.29   0.022    -32.39738   -2.500758
                1981  |  -18.75445   7.501975    -2.50   0.012    -33.45805   -4.050851
                1982  |  -17.70304    8.20936    -2.16   0.031    -33.79309   -1.612991
                1983  |  -18.81844   7.941405    -2.37   0.018    -34.38331   -3.253572
                1984  |  -15.43311   7.725062    -2.00   0.046    -30.57395   -.2922631
                1985  |  -20.10242   7.478821    -2.69   0.007    -34.76064   -5.444199
                1986  |   .2479439   7.606386     0.03   0.974     -14.6603    15.15619
                1987  |  -3.931757   7.167075    -0.55   0.583    -17.97897    10.11545
                1988  |  -1.526939   6.862754    -0.22   0.824    -14.97769    11.92381
                1989  |  -5.262084   6.950527    -0.76   0.449    -18.88487    8.360699
                1990  |  -1.240152   6.814802    -0.18   0.856    -14.59692    12.11662
                1991  |  -14.87643   6.754174    -2.20   0.028    -28.11437   -1.638495
                1992  |   -13.2407    6.99638    -1.89   0.058    -26.95336    .4719489
                1993  |   3.291236    7.01801     0.47   0.639    -10.46381    17.04628
                1994  |   .7111674   7.830305     0.09   0.928    -14.63595    16.05828
                1995  |  -3.662323   7.810575    -0.47   0.639    -18.97077    11.64612
                1996  |  -11.28529   7.469171    -1.51   0.131     -25.9246    3.354013
                1997  |  -15.76792   7.672351    -2.06   0.040    -30.80546   -.7303925
                1998  |  -19.89524   7.423949    -2.68   0.007    -34.44591   -5.344569
                1999  |  -23.89024   7.886711    -3.03   0.002    -39.34791   -8.432568
                2000  |  -7.170595   7.958781    -0.90   0.368    -22.76952    8.428329
                2001  |  -19.45014   7.796925    -2.49   0.013    -34.73183   -4.168451
                2002  |  -16.29779   7.794504    -2.09   0.037    -31.57473   -1.020839
                2003  |  -9.446796   7.418883    -1.27   0.203    -23.98754    5.093948
                2004  |  -7.698075   7.269125    -1.06   0.290     -21.9453    6.549148
                2005  |  -4.307378   7.310128    -0.59   0.556    -18.63497    10.02021
                2006  |  -7.051454   7.440798    -0.95   0.343    -21.63515    7.532242
                2007  |  -11.58995   7.663675    -1.51   0.130    -26.61048    3.430573
                2008  |  -10.73376   7.828524    -1.37   0.170    -26.07738    4.609869
                2009  |   -34.2388    7.79518    -4.39   0.000    -49.51707   -18.96053
                2010  |   3.186675   8.338126     0.38   0.702    -13.15575     19.5291
                2011  |  -17.39573   7.965238    -2.18   0.029    -33.00731   -1.784145
                2012  |   -13.3409   7.964083    -1.68   0.094    -28.95021    2.268419
                2013  |  -24.40123   8.193004    -2.98   0.003    -40.45922   -8.343235
                2014  |  -19.49559   8.548362    -2.28   0.023    -36.25007   -2.741107
                2015  |  -23.84563   8.711629    -2.74   0.006    -40.92011   -6.771148
                2016  |  -23.82858   8.999613    -2.65   0.008     -41.4675   -6.189665
                      |
                _cons |   42.79606   17.68036     2.42   0.015     8.143201    77.44892
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0878218
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est3 stored)

. 
. * (4) Calendar year
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e calelecyr calelecyrpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt2 chc
> pi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1664
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     203.60
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
            calelecyr |  -15.52927   5.342274    -2.91   0.004    -25.99993   -5.058603
     calelecyrpolconv |   28.54756   8.893662     3.21   0.001     11.11631    45.97882
              polconv |  -6.692793   6.462076    -1.04   0.300    -19.35823    5.972644
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   7.975974    10.7063     0.74   0.456    -13.00799    28.95994
           regimedum2 |  -3.656508   3.895867    -0.94   0.348    -11.29227     3.97925
           regimedum3 |   2.136372   5.108992     0.42   0.676    -7.877069    12.14981
           regimedum4 |   1.016703   3.935243     0.26   0.796     -6.69623    8.729637
                 rpt2 |  -14.51179   6.226863    -2.33   0.020    -26.71622   -2.307368
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6058537   .4392733    -1.38   0.168    -1.466814    .2551062
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -21.86893   15.74479    -1.39   0.165    -52.72816    8.990296
                   9  |  -12.86066   16.62006    -0.77   0.439    -45.43538    19.71406
                  10  |  -22.96189   15.75461    -1.46   0.145    -53.84036     7.91658
                  11  |  -17.72111   15.60818    -1.14   0.256    -48.31257    12.87036
                  12  |  -25.73496   15.49552    -1.66   0.097    -56.10561    4.635694
                  13  |  -57.19582   17.38293    -3.29   0.001    -91.26575    -23.1259
                  15  |   -8.29309   21.59862    -0.38   0.701    -50.62561    34.03943
                  21  |  -29.43853   16.02119    -1.84   0.066    -60.83948    1.962416
                  24  |   -29.4987   24.25501    -1.22   0.224    -77.03764    18.04025
                  25  |  -27.88449   15.89828    -1.75   0.079    -59.04455    3.275572
                  26  |  -5.074509   19.10935    -0.27   0.791    -42.52815    32.37913
                  27  |   -26.2532   15.56649    -1.69   0.092    -56.76297    4.256565
                  29  |  -29.45498   15.86212    -1.86   0.063    -60.54416    1.634206
                  30  |  -19.81756   15.36289    -1.29   0.197    -49.92827    10.29315
                  32  |  -25.80624   15.26656    -1.69   0.091    -55.72816    4.115672
                  36  |  -20.47273   21.52971    -0.95   0.342     -62.6702    21.72473
                  37  |  -4.832667   21.50852    -0.22   0.822     -46.9886    37.32327
                  38  |  -11.23278   17.83962    -0.63   0.529    -46.19779    23.73223
                  39  |  -25.75022   15.33959    -1.68   0.093    -55.81526    4.314815
                  41  |  -10.30996    25.3046    -0.41   0.684    -59.90606    39.28614
                  42  |  -17.86526   18.22764    -0.98   0.327    -53.59078    17.86026
                  43  |  -23.76168   16.29743    -1.46   0.145    -55.70406    8.180698
                  44  |  -22.01194   15.42502    -1.43   0.154    -52.24442     8.22053
                  45  |  -25.21286   15.33922    -1.64   0.100    -55.27717    4.851458
                  46  |  -33.07958   16.34479    -2.02   0.043    -65.11478   -1.044377
                  49  |  -11.84178   18.87712    -0.63   0.530    -48.84026     25.1567
                  51  |  -6.487402   17.29607    -0.38   0.708    -40.38708    27.41228
                  52  |  -17.29589   17.21169    -1.00   0.315    -51.03018     16.4384
                  53  |  -23.60982   16.86148    -1.40   0.161    -56.65772    9.438082
                  54  |  -21.28018   16.29085    -1.31   0.191    -53.20966     10.6493
                  55  |  -7.104437   19.86366    -0.36   0.721     -46.0365    31.82762
                  56  |  -22.61668   16.14121    -1.40   0.161    -54.25287     9.01952
                  57  |  -24.70036   15.51157    -1.59   0.111    -55.10248    5.701767
                  59  |  -28.27773   15.61756    -1.81   0.070    -58.88758    2.332126
                  60  |  -24.30403   16.08788    -1.51   0.131    -55.83569    7.227633
                  61  |  -16.80968   17.08029    -0.98   0.325    -50.28644    16.66708
                  63  |   63.33954   48.91944     1.29   0.195    -32.54081    159.2199
                  64  |  -19.16342   16.93336    -1.13   0.258    -52.35219    14.02535
                  65  |  -22.52277   15.62302    -1.44   0.149    -53.14333    8.097777
                  66  |  -20.28238   15.93279    -1.27   0.203    -51.51007    10.94531
                  67  |   -18.2617   17.28222    -1.06   0.291    -52.13424    15.61084
                  68  |  -23.81014   16.12161    -1.48   0.140     -55.4079    7.787631
                  70  |  -28.80726   15.44909    -1.86   0.062    -59.08692    1.472399
                  71  |  -12.69029   15.92337    -0.80   0.425    -43.89952    18.51894
                  72  |   -29.7827   17.28585    -1.72   0.085    -63.66233    4.096941
                  73  |  -25.23823   15.78078    -1.60   0.110    -56.16799    5.691536
                  74  |  -26.66998   15.60031    -1.71   0.087    -57.24603    3.906064
                  75  |  -21.83755   15.88333    -1.37   0.169    -52.96831    9.293206
                  76  |   -25.2586   17.74837    -1.42   0.155    -60.04477    9.527573
                  78  |  -22.46924   15.43164    -1.46   0.145    -52.71469    7.776213
                  80  |  -.8116301   32.56811    -0.02   0.980    -64.64396     63.0207
                  81  |  -26.89668   15.24098    -1.76   0.078    -56.76845     2.97509
                  82  |  -26.81235   15.57091    -1.72   0.085    -57.33078    3.706079
                  86  |  -24.84664   15.54738    -1.60   0.110    -55.31895    5.625668
                  92  |  -31.64241   16.45268    -1.92   0.054    -63.88907    .6042549
                  93  |  -23.59951    15.3589    -1.54   0.124    -53.70241    6.503384
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -11.14587   7.749373    -1.44   0.150    -26.33436    4.042621
                1977  |  -8.762549     8.7721    -1.00   0.318    -25.95555    8.430452
                1978  |  -3.945925   7.696485    -0.51   0.608    -19.03076    11.13891
                1979  |  -2.812194   7.834438    -0.36   0.720    -18.16741    12.54302
                1980  |  -19.55125   7.622158    -2.57   0.010     -34.4904   -4.612093
                1981  |   -20.4848   7.486401    -2.74   0.006    -35.15787    -5.81172
                1982  |  -18.18086   8.222013    -2.21   0.027    -34.29571   -2.066014
                1983  |  -19.32328   7.974703    -2.42   0.015    -34.95341   -3.693148
                1984  |  -15.53654   7.753804    -2.00   0.045    -30.73371    -.339361
                1985  |  -20.24476   7.504148    -2.70   0.007    -34.95261   -5.536896
                1986  |  -.7428973     7.6052    -0.10   0.922    -15.64882    14.16302
                1987  |  -4.631114   7.189389    -0.64   0.519    -18.72206     9.45983
                1988  |   -2.08226    6.86962    -0.30   0.762    -15.54647    11.38195
                1989  |  -5.686185   6.962667    -0.82   0.414    -19.33276    7.960393
                1990  |  -1.922757   6.820106    -0.28   0.778    -15.28992    11.44441
                1991  |  -16.19783    6.78298    -2.39   0.017    -29.49222    -2.90343
                1992  |   -15.0918   7.061126    -2.14   0.033    -28.93136   -1.252252
                1993  |    3.57831   7.032897     0.51   0.611    -10.20592    17.36253
                1994  |   .2697818   7.925647     0.03   0.973     -15.2642    15.80376
                1995  |  -3.137494   7.842144    -0.40   0.689    -18.50781    12.23283
                1996  |  -10.77488   7.519488    -1.43   0.152    -25.51281    3.963045
                1997  |   -15.2261   7.709759    -1.97   0.048    -30.33695   -.1152463
                1998  |  -19.73867   7.440617    -2.65   0.008    -34.32202   -5.155332
                1999  |  -23.81953   7.933773    -3.00   0.003    -39.36944   -8.269626
                2000  |  -7.304281    7.95234    -0.92   0.358    -22.89058    8.282019
                2001  |  -19.36714   7.823859    -2.48   0.013    -34.70162   -4.032662
                2002  |  -16.49168   7.815249    -2.11   0.035    -31.80929   -1.174076
                2003  |  -9.676951   7.430299    -1.30   0.193    -24.24007    4.886166
                2004  |  -7.372274    7.28422    -1.01   0.311    -21.64908    6.904535
                2005  |  -4.484794   7.325066    -0.61   0.540    -18.84166    9.872071
                2006  |  -6.941845   7.446818    -0.93   0.351    -21.53734    7.653649
                2007  |  -11.55066   7.675892    -1.50   0.132    -26.59513    3.493814
                2008  |  -11.14402   7.826712    -1.42   0.154    -26.48409    4.196053
                2009  |  -33.67613   7.796538    -4.32   0.000    -48.95706    -18.3952
                2010  |    2.88559   8.329196     0.35   0.729    -13.43933    19.21051
                2011  |  -17.25406   7.959472    -2.17   0.030    -32.85434   -1.653785
                2012  |  -13.26679   7.956784    -1.67   0.095     -28.8618    2.328224
                2013  |  -24.15977    8.18749    -2.95   0.003    -40.20695    -8.11258
                2014  |  -18.65264   8.555718    -2.18   0.029    -35.42154   -1.883737
                2015  |  -23.70954   8.708206    -2.72   0.006     -40.7773   -6.641766
                2016  |  -23.54019    8.99155    -2.62   0.009    -41.16331   -5.917079
                      |
                _cons |   47.27161   16.78825     2.82   0.005     14.36723    80.17598
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0783649
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est4 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table S1.rtf", title("Supplemental Table S1. Alternative Executive Election Indicators") mtitles("Half-ye
> ars" "Half-years" "Calendar year" "Calendar year")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep(e1 e2 calelecyr e1lnpolconv e2lnpolconv 
>  e1polconv e2polconv calelecyrlnpolconv lnpolconv calelecyrpolconv polconv   ) order(e2 e1 e2lnpolconv  e1lnpolconv e2polconv  e1polco
> nv  calelecyr calelecyrlnpolconv calelecyrpolconv lnpolconv polconv  ) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
(output written to ./working data/Table S1.rtf)

. 
. // Table to output coefficient estimates and standard errors for control variables:
. //esttab using "./working data/Table S1b.rtf", title("Supplemental Table S1. Alternative Executive Election Indicators, Control Variab
> les") mtitles("Half-years" "Half-years" "Calendar year" "Calendar year")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep( chlgrealpcgdpUS_w
> 005e   regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt2 chcpi_w005e  ) order(chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt2 chcpi_
> w005e ) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Supplemental Table S2. Alternative Combinations of Control Variables
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * (1) Region-Year effects
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcp
> i_w005e i.countryid i.year##i.regionid if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)
note: 2.regionid omitted because of collinearity
note: 3.regionid omitted because of collinearity
note: 4.regionid omitted because of collinearity
note: 1975b.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1976.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1977.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1978.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1979.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1980.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1981.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1982.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1983.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1984.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1985.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1986.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1987.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1988.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1989.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year#3.regionid omitted because of collinearity

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.2770
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(214)    =     399.24
Estimated coefficients     =       215          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -27.06292   10.78667    -2.51   0.012    -48.20441    -5.92143
         eltlnpolconv |   6.489364   2.762272     2.35   0.019     1.075411    11.90332
            lnpolconv |  -1.091457   1.889205    -0.58   0.563    -4.794231    2.611317
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   3.678796   11.20835     0.33   0.743    -18.28916    25.64675
           regimedum2 |  -2.175687   3.993638    -0.54   0.586    -10.00307    5.651699
           regimedum3 |  -.4412565   4.696812    -0.09   0.925     -9.64684    8.764327
           regimedum4 |  -2.012948   4.279982    -0.47   0.638    -10.40156    6.375663
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.643355   4.698397    -2.05   0.040    -18.85204   -.4346666
          chcpi_w005e |   -1.89312    .584078    -3.24   0.001    -3.037891   -.7483477
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -5.852029   8.834804    -0.66   0.508    -23.16793    11.46387
                   9  |          0  (omitted)
                  10  |   5.652283   8.214634     0.69   0.491     -10.4481    21.75267
                  11  |  -3.829168   20.82332    -0.18   0.854    -44.64212    36.98378
                  12  |   7.833154   8.613246     0.91   0.363    -9.048498     24.7148
                  13  |  -94.80101    27.8293    -3.41   0.001    -149.3454   -40.25659
                  15  |   2.310334   26.05717     0.09   0.929    -48.76078    53.38145
                  21  |  -3.287614   9.468746    -0.35   0.728    -21.84601    15.27079
                  24  |          0  (omitted)
                  25  |   2.916608   9.471645     0.31   0.758    -15.64747    21.48069
                  26  |   14.88963   24.20038     0.62   0.538    -32.54224     62.3215
                  27  |  -15.57928   11.54374    -1.35   0.177    -38.20459    7.046033
                  29  |  -1.128115   9.395504    -0.12   0.904    -19.54296    17.28673
                  30  |   7.750995   8.672278     0.89   0.371    -9.246357    24.74835
                  32  |   .9234319   7.939371     0.12   0.907    -14.63745    16.48431
                  36  |  -2.676442    24.0934    -0.11   0.912    -49.89863    44.54575
                  37  |   1.860023   16.45728     0.11   0.910    -30.39565    34.11569
                  38  |   4.501722   22.72565     0.20   0.843    -40.03974    49.04319
                  39  |   1.645215   7.677722     0.21   0.830    -13.40284    16.69327
                  41  |   9.447965   28.07966     0.34   0.737    -45.58716    64.48309
                  42  |   12.92443   11.71435     1.10   0.270    -10.03527    35.88413
                  43  |          0  (omitted)
                  44  |   4.485555   7.935458     0.57   0.572    -11.06766    20.03877
                  45  |  -6.693724   10.03435    -0.67   0.505    -26.36069    12.97324
                  46  |  -3.149538   8.778873    -0.36   0.720    -20.35581    14.05674
                  49  |  -1.923626   24.45054    -0.08   0.937     -49.8458    45.99855
                  51  |   8.586328   11.07284     0.78   0.438    -13.11603    30.28869
                  52  |  -6.500559   11.12153    -0.58   0.559    -28.29836    15.29724
                  53  |  -8.069206   22.87682    -0.35   0.724    -52.90695    36.76854
                  54  |  -2.884688   21.14574    -0.14   0.891    -44.32957     38.5602
                  55  |   5.293143   23.99674     0.22   0.825    -41.73961    52.32589
                  56  |   -6.34944   10.05542    -0.63   0.528    -26.05771    13.35883
                  57  |  -8.874487   21.84303    -0.41   0.685    -51.68605    33.93708
                  59  |  -10.86851   20.80618    -0.52   0.601    -51.64787    29.91085
                  60  |  -15.02884   13.25766    -1.13   0.257    -41.01337    10.95569
                  61  |  -.0499768   11.28269    -0.00   0.996    -22.16364    22.06368
                  63  |   80.95107   46.80762     1.73   0.084    -10.79018    172.6923
                  64  |  -1.431727   22.80197    -0.06   0.950    -46.12276    43.25931
                  65  |  -2.080625   9.347546    -0.22   0.824    -20.40148    16.24023
                  66  |   6.731218   8.616638     0.78   0.435    -10.15708    23.61952
                  67  |  -1.963429   21.79225    -0.09   0.928    -44.67546     40.7486
                  68  |  -11.25205   12.23406    -0.92   0.358    -35.23037    12.72626
                  70  |  -9.174216   8.896123    -1.03   0.302     -26.6103    8.261864
                  71  |   13.46144   7.927144     1.70   0.089    -2.075473    28.99836
                  72  |  -12.20509   12.14983    -1.00   0.315    -36.01832    11.60814
                  73  |   5.515401   8.631116     0.64   0.523    -11.40128    22.43208
                  74  |  -8.431483   9.076775    -0.93   0.353    -26.22164     9.35867
                  75  |  -15.79406   12.11307    -1.30   0.192    -39.53525    7.947129
                  76  |  -29.97977   16.64363    -1.80   0.072    -62.60068    2.641144
                  78  |  -9.878106   21.53871    -0.46   0.647    -52.09319    32.33698
                  80  |   17.57906   33.03808     0.53   0.595    -47.17439     82.3325
                  81  |  -10.75109   20.55588    -0.52   0.601    -51.03986    29.53769
                  82  |  -7.466194   9.483117    -0.79   0.431    -26.05276    11.12037
                  86  |   -7.70381   9.504482    -0.81   0.418    -26.33225    10.92463
                  92  |  -35.94154   15.71386    -2.29   0.022    -66.74013   -5.142941
                  93  |    3.99332   7.970245     0.50   0.616    -11.62807    19.61471
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -55.72774   16.32258    -3.41   0.001    -87.71941   -23.73607
                1977  |  -53.69879   16.95115    -3.17   0.002    -86.92244   -20.47514
                1978  |   -44.1696    15.4325    -2.86   0.004    -74.41674   -13.92245
                1979  |  -42.68471    15.4153    -2.77   0.006    -72.89813   -12.47128
                1980  |  -52.08768   15.42297    -3.38   0.001    -82.31614   -21.85921
                1981  |  -76.75576   17.30031    -4.44   0.000    -110.6638   -42.84777
                1982  |  -67.65213   18.77996    -3.60   0.000    -104.4602   -30.84408
                1983  |  -64.74121   16.72164    -3.87   0.000    -97.51502   -31.96741
                1984  |  -61.77303   16.54179    -3.73   0.000    -94.19433   -29.35172
                1985  |  -55.59945   16.62433    -3.34   0.001    -88.18253   -23.01637
                1986  |   -22.3535   16.68904    -1.34   0.180    -55.06343    10.35642
                1987  |  -42.24672   16.37611    -2.58   0.010    -74.34331   -10.15013
                1988  |  -30.52911   16.38258    -1.86   0.062    -62.63838    1.580147
                1989  |  -26.31985   16.41906    -1.60   0.109    -58.50062    5.860911
                1990  |  -51.65777   16.44213    -3.14   0.002    -83.88375   -19.43178
                1991  |  -67.69194   15.54586    -4.35   0.000    -98.16126   -37.22261
                1992  |  -68.93826    16.2206    -4.25   0.000    -100.7301   -37.14646
                1993  |  -51.13211    16.1307    -3.17   0.002    -82.74769   -19.51652
                1994  |  -37.94403   18.59416    -2.04   0.041    -74.38793    -1.50014
                1995  |  -36.96434   18.70473    -1.98   0.048    -73.62494   -.3037324
                1996  |  -69.23695   18.63948    -3.71   0.000    -105.7697   -32.70424
                1997  |  -51.85175   19.21626    -2.70   0.007    -89.51492   -14.18858
                1998  |  -57.19912   17.31216    -3.30   0.001    -91.13032   -23.26791
                1999  |  -59.91997    17.9277    -3.34   0.001    -95.05761   -24.78233
                2000  |  -38.64181   17.00389    -2.27   0.023    -71.96882   -5.314794
                2001  |  -56.33437   17.23874    -3.27   0.001    -90.12167   -22.54707
                2002  |  -46.96578   16.74672    -2.80   0.005    -79.78874   -14.14281
                2003  |   -39.7834   15.50059    -2.57   0.010      -70.164   -9.402805
                2004  |  -41.23146   15.33759    -2.69   0.007     -71.2926   -11.17033
                2005  |  -40.06486   15.34172    -2.61   0.009    -70.13407   -9.995647
                2006  |  -42.26255   16.33688    -2.59   0.010    -74.28226   -10.24285
                2007  |  -56.18447   16.85723    -3.33   0.001    -89.22403   -23.14491
                2008  |  -36.30007   17.81028    -2.04   0.042    -71.20758   -1.392562
                2009  |  -73.50421   19.48087    -3.77   0.000     -111.686   -35.32241
                2010  |  -7.701304   18.52504    -0.42   0.678    -44.00971     28.6071
                2011  |  -60.17755    17.6926    -3.40   0.001    -94.85441   -25.50068
                2012  |  -45.58598   17.79627    -2.56   0.010    -80.46603   -10.70593
                2013  |  -63.88907   17.50888    -3.65   0.000    -98.20584    -29.5723
                2014  |  -68.76797   17.98648    -3.82   0.000    -104.0208   -33.51512
                2015  |  -73.07963   17.91152    -4.08   0.000    -108.1856    -37.9737
                2016  |  -70.56561   18.04772    -3.91   0.000    -105.9385   -35.19272
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |  -52.81189   26.01341    -2.03   0.042    -103.7972   -1.826542
                   3  |   63.29148   51.48609     1.23   0.219     -37.6194    164.2024
                   4  |  -73.97449   27.44671    -2.70   0.007     -127.769   -20.17993
                      |
        year#regionid |
              1975 3  |          0  (empty)
              1976 2  |   60.79341   18.14862     3.35   0.001     25.22276    96.36406
              1976 3  |          0  (empty)
              1976 4  |   80.64073   22.12921     3.64   0.000     37.26828    124.0132
              1977 2  |   59.67615    19.2838     3.09   0.002     21.88059    97.47171
              1977 3  |          0  (empty)
              1977 4  |   73.63723   23.06737     3.19   0.001     28.42601    118.8484
              1978 2  |   55.70197   17.82776     3.12   0.002     20.76021    90.64373
              1978 3  |          0  (empty)
              1978 4  |   58.66689   22.37705     2.62   0.009     14.80868    102.5251
              1979 2  |   58.90221   18.16994     3.24   0.001     23.28978    94.51464
              1979 3  |          0  (empty)
              1979 4  |   64.40005   21.95619     2.93   0.003     21.36671    107.4334
              1980 2  |   61.02113   17.93455     3.40   0.001     25.87005    96.17221
              1980 3  |          0  (empty)
              1980 4  |   30.03249   21.85974     1.37   0.169    -12.81181    72.87679
              1981 2  |    73.2326   19.51118     3.75   0.000      34.9914    111.4738
              1981 3  |          0  (empty)
              1981 4  |   88.13956   21.97656     4.01   0.000     45.06629    131.2128
              1982 2  |   83.44848   20.70619     4.03   0.000     42.86509    124.0319
              1982 3  |          0  (empty)
              1982 4  |    65.8337   22.97784     2.87   0.004     20.79795    110.8694
              1983 2  |   64.69429   18.76887     3.45   0.001     27.90799    101.4806
              1983 3  |          0  (empty)
              1983 4  |   66.70644   21.25077     3.14   0.002      25.0557    108.3572
              1984 2  |   51.98217   18.76678     2.77   0.006     15.19995    88.76439
              1984 3  |          0  (empty)
              1984 4  |    82.0442   21.20169     3.87   0.000     40.48965    123.5988
              1985 2  |   42.87805   18.74231     2.29   0.022     6.143802     79.6123
              1985 3  |          0  (empty)
              1985 4  |   60.66755   20.97216     2.89   0.004     19.56288    101.7722
              1986 2  |   24.58041   18.41452     1.33   0.182    -11.51138    60.67219
              1986 3  |          0  (empty)
              1986 4  |   36.04993   20.84126     1.73   0.084    -4.798185    76.89805
              1987 2  |   48.50789   18.40802     2.64   0.008     12.42884    84.58694
              1987 3  |          0  (empty)
              1987 4  |   63.04857   20.75399     3.04   0.002      22.3715    103.7256
              1988 2  |   41.15359   18.30842     2.25   0.025      5.26975    77.03743
              1988 3  |          0  (empty)
              1988 4  |   48.44426   20.60737     2.35   0.019     8.054546    88.83397
              1989 2  |   36.59501   18.07088     2.03   0.043     1.176737    72.01329
              1989 3  |          0  (empty)
              1989 4  |   40.40174    20.5957     1.96   0.050     .0348972    80.76857
              1990 2  |   58.25894   18.01215     3.23   0.001     22.95577    93.56211
              1990 3  |          0  (omitted)
              1990 4  |   85.21698     20.669     4.12   0.000     44.70649    125.7275
              1991 2  |   72.88471   17.20513     4.24   0.000     39.16328    106.6061
              1991 3  |  -2.289598   52.70821    -0.04   0.965    -105.5958    101.0166
              1991 4  |   78.38982   20.09744     3.90   0.000     38.99956    117.7801
              1992 2  |   69.50946   17.53674     3.96   0.000     35.13807    103.8808
              1992 3  |  -37.65637   50.75066    -0.74   0.458    -137.1258     61.8131
              1992 4  |   93.17282   20.70202     4.50   0.000     52.59761     133.748
              1993 2  |    56.3773   17.61146     3.20   0.001     21.85947    90.89513
              1993 3  |   52.75899   49.20887     1.07   0.284    -43.68862    149.2066
              1993 4  |   81.82851   20.59011     3.97   0.000     41.47263    122.1844
              1994 2  |   42.00831   19.48212     2.16   0.031     3.824054    80.19257
              1994 3  |   15.86397   49.98881     0.32   0.751     -82.1123    113.8402
              1994 4  |   54.13326   22.70465     2.38   0.017      9.63296    98.63356
              1995 2  |    39.5534   19.85742     1.99   0.046     .6335651    78.47323
              1995 3  |   -22.5718   50.07931    -0.45   0.652    -120.7255    75.58185
              1995 4  |   50.57769   23.01602     2.20   0.028     5.467117    95.68827
              1996 2  |   75.84258   19.96914     3.80   0.000     36.70379    114.9814
              1996 3  |    31.8114   52.94517     0.60   0.548    -71.95923     135.582
              1996 4  |   70.48502   23.01916     3.06   0.002      25.3683    115.6017
              1997 2  |   44.43202   20.48619     2.17   0.030     4.279827     84.5842
              1997 3  |  -64.01438   51.87931    -1.23   0.217     -165.696     37.6672
              1997 4  |   71.38248   23.38332     3.05   0.002     25.55202     117.213
              1998 2  |   42.35243   18.55334     2.28   0.022     5.988563    78.71631
              1998 3  |  -58.78472   51.23416    -1.15   0.251    -159.2018    41.63239
              1998 4  |   71.75302   22.07885     3.25   0.001     28.47928    115.0268
              1999 2  |    51.6735   19.48026     2.65   0.008      13.4929     89.8541
              1999 3  |  -50.70287   51.04535    -0.99   0.321    -150.7499    49.34417
              1999 4  |   60.83748   22.33397     2.72   0.006     17.06371    104.6112
              2000 2  |   41.30004   18.55426     2.23   0.026     4.934362    77.66572
              2000 3  |  -51.52468   50.87446    -1.01   0.311    -151.2368    48.18743
              2000 4  |   41.84884   21.67502     1.93   0.054    -.6334119    84.33109
              2001 2  |   53.39818   18.38122     2.91   0.004     17.37166    89.42471
              2001 3  |  -42.76376   50.73517    -0.84   0.399    -142.2029    56.67534
              2001 4  |   47.77274   21.96719     2.17   0.030     4.717837    90.82764
              2002 2  |   40.66194   18.36152     2.21   0.027     4.674021    76.64986
              2002 3  |  -61.52615     50.512    -1.22   0.223    -160.5278    37.47554
              2002 4  |   49.93882   21.53803     2.32   0.020     7.725051    92.15259
              2003 2  |   48.00364     17.162     2.80   0.005     14.36674    81.64053
              2003 3  |  -57.03853   49.72599    -1.15   0.251    -154.4997    40.42261
              2003 4  |   43.78501   20.60446     2.13   0.034     3.401014      84.169
              2004 2  |   56.11061   17.34891     3.23   0.001     22.10736    90.11385
              2004 3  |   -64.7609   49.95097    -1.30   0.195     -162.663    33.14119
              2004 4  |   52.19414   20.55293     2.54   0.011     11.91114    92.47714
              2005 2  |   47.42099   17.12381     2.77   0.006     13.85895    80.98304
              2005 3  |  -68.22084   50.03422    -1.36   0.173    -166.2861    29.84443
              2005 4  |   68.09076   20.53549     3.32   0.001     27.84193    108.3396
              2006 2  |    53.0641   18.09195     2.93   0.003     17.60453    88.52367
              2006 3  |  -66.74656   50.86441    -1.31   0.189     -166.439    32.94585
              2006 4  |   59.59266   21.22773     2.81   0.005     17.98707    101.1982
              2007 2  |   54.57314   18.82121     2.90   0.004     17.68424    91.46203
              2007 3  |  -33.83273   51.16339    -0.66   0.508    -134.1111    66.44568
              2007 4  |   71.51256   21.51235     3.32   0.001     29.34913     113.676
              2008 2  |   30.06442   19.26366     1.56   0.119    -7.691653     67.8205
              2008 3  |  -78.60615   51.37217    -1.53   0.126    -179.2938    22.08146
              2008 4  |   49.69179   22.18443     2.24   0.025     6.211103    93.17247
              2009 2  |   68.44288   20.65074     3.31   0.001     27.96818    108.9176
              2009 3  |   -70.3573   51.96701    -1.35   0.176    -172.2108    31.49618
              2009 4  |   62.31137   23.65781     2.63   0.008     15.94291    108.6798
              2010 2  |    12.0869   19.81245     0.61   0.542    -26.74478    50.91858
              2010 3  |  -101.5524   52.01197    -1.95   0.051     -203.494    .3892002
              2010 4  |   21.29947   22.69597     0.94   0.348    -23.18382    65.78276
              2011 2  |   57.00818    19.1379     2.98   0.003     19.49859    94.51777
              2011 3  |  -51.54624   51.84172    -0.99   0.320    -153.1542    50.06168
              2011 4  |   76.93928   22.08313     3.48   0.000     33.65714    120.2214
              2012 2  |   44.92543   19.12615     2.35   0.019      7.43887    82.41199
              2012 3  |  -71.99998   51.75923    -1.39   0.164    -173.4462    29.44625
              2012 4  |   58.00124   22.28859     2.60   0.009      14.3164    101.6861
              2013 2  |   59.22649    18.5322     3.20   0.001     22.90405    95.54894
              2013 3  |  -56.77058   51.42188    -1.10   0.270    -157.5556    44.01446
              2013 4  |   67.11504   21.97572     3.05   0.002     24.04343    110.1867
              2014 2  |   65.55699   19.22384     3.41   0.001     27.87896     103.235
              2014 3  |  -44.70017   51.62986    -0.87   0.387    -145.8928     56.4925
              2014 4  |   87.43607   22.55983     3.88   0.000     43.21962    131.6525
              2015 2  |   72.49798   19.18655     3.78   0.000     34.89303    110.1029
              2015 3  |    -37.904   51.66138    -0.73   0.463    -139.1585    63.35045
              2015 4  |   84.09992   22.66933     3.71   0.000     39.66884     128.531
              2016 2  |   68.68431   19.22304     3.57   0.000     31.00784    106.3608
              2016 3  |  -40.66254   52.95264    -0.77   0.443    -144.4478    63.12274
              2016 4  |   72.19357   23.10866     3.12   0.002     26.90143    117.4857
                      |
                _cons |   71.46628   25.01479     2.86   0.004     22.43819    120.4944
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0577606
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) Region-Year effects
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv  chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w
> 005e i.countryid i.year##i.regionid if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)
note: 2.regionid omitted because of collinearity
note: 3.regionid omitted because of collinearity
note: 4.regionid omitted because of collinearity
note: 1975b.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1976.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1977.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1978.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1979.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1980.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1981.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1982.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1983.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1984.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1985.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1986.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1987.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1988.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1989.year#3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year#3.regionid omitted because of collinearity

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.2764
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(214)    =     399.29
Estimated coefficients     =       215          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -14.52385   5.990483    -2.42   0.015    -26.26498    -2.78272
           eltpolconv |   23.61067   10.55393     2.24   0.025      2.92536    44.29599
              polconv |  -5.761114   6.728447    -0.86   0.392    -18.94863    7.426399
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   4.035346   11.22607     0.36   0.719    -17.96734    26.03804
           regimedum2 |  -2.102676   3.986644    -0.53   0.598    -9.916354    5.711003
           regimedum3 |  -.0883635   4.677618    -0.02   0.985    -9.256327      9.0796
           regimedum4 |  -1.770713   4.236058    -0.42   0.676    -10.07323    6.531808
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.700587   4.715078    -2.06   0.040    -18.94197   -.4592047
          chcpi_w005e |  -1.884989   .5823915    -3.24   0.001    -3.026455   -.7435227
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -5.991758   7.078421    -0.85   0.397    -19.86521    7.881691
                   9  |          0  (omitted)
                  10  |   7.039895   7.562074     0.93   0.352    -7.781498    21.86129
                  11  |  -1.705048   13.25059    -0.13   0.898    -27.67572    24.26562
                  12  |   9.604818   8.068865     1.19   0.234    -6.209867     25.4195
                  13  |  -94.46353   27.75231    -3.40   0.001     -148.857   -40.07001
                  15  |   4.619505   19.91586     0.23   0.817    -34.41487    43.65388
                  21  |  -1.561676   8.888071    -0.18   0.861    -18.98197    15.85862
                  24  |   .7506659   23.88323     0.03   0.975    -46.05961    47.56094
                  25  |   4.618956   8.917486     0.52   0.604      -12.859    22.09691
                  26  |   15.02192   18.17762     0.83   0.409    -20.60556    50.64941
                  27  |  -16.05394   11.62968    -1.38   0.167     -38.8477    6.739811
                  29  |   .6684014   8.783994     0.08   0.939    -16.54791    17.88471
                  30  |   8.636292   8.308763     1.04   0.299    -7.648584    24.92117
                  32  |   2.228891   7.317513     0.30   0.761    -12.11317    16.57095
                  36  |  -.8333256   17.97265    -0.05   0.963    -36.05906    34.39241
                  37  |   1.622705   16.40604     0.10   0.921    -30.53255    33.77796
                  38  |   6.140727    15.6838     0.39   0.695    -24.59895     36.8804
                  39  |   3.153925   6.952896     0.45   0.650     -10.4735    16.78135
                  41  |   9.806705    23.3139     0.42   0.674    -35.88769     55.5011
                  42  |   14.30246   11.25175     1.27   0.204    -7.750566     36.3555
                  43  |          0  (omitted)
                  44  |   5.730616   7.306419     0.78   0.433    -8.589701    20.05093
                  45  |  -6.394858    8.50247    -0.75   0.452    -23.05939    10.26968
                  46  |  -1.931528   8.344488    -0.23   0.817    -18.28642    14.42337
                  49  |          0  (omitted)
                  51  |   8.809609   9.799692     0.90   0.369    -10.39743    28.01665
                  52  |  -5.592803   9.787928    -0.57   0.568    -24.77679    13.59118
                  53  |  -6.591892   15.64073    -0.42   0.673    -37.24717    24.06338
                  54  |  -.7298611   13.41182    -0.05   0.957    -27.01655    25.55682
                  55  |   7.275706     17.719     0.41   0.681    -27.45289    42.00431
                  56  |  -5.689592   8.508409    -0.67   0.504    -22.36577    10.98658
                  57  |  -7.527047    14.2078    -0.53   0.596    -35.37383    20.31973
                  59  |  -8.568361   12.96013    -0.66   0.509    -33.96974    16.83302
                  60  |  -14.71463   13.31509    -1.11   0.269    -40.81173    11.38247
                  61  |   .3766306   9.864913     0.04   0.970    -18.95824     19.7115
                  63  |   82.23355   43.71005     1.88   0.060    -3.436575    167.9037
                  64  |   .4778764   16.47993     0.03   0.977    -31.82219    32.77794
                  65  |  -2.586847   7.896459    -0.33   0.743    -18.06362    12.88993
                  66  |   8.431469     8.0443     1.05   0.295    -7.335069    24.19801
                  67  |  -.1191009   14.00484    -0.01   0.993    -27.56808    27.32988
                  68  |  -11.04336   12.24434    -0.90   0.367    -35.04183    12.95512
                  70  |  -9.026764   7.439051    -1.21   0.225    -23.60704    5.553508
                  71  |    14.6743   7.289259     2.01   0.044     .3876142    28.96098
                  72  |  -11.39047   10.72626    -1.06   0.288    -32.41355    9.632608
                  73  |   6.617201   8.027296     0.82   0.410     -9.11601    22.35041
                  74  |  -8.455854   7.729247    -1.09   0.274     -23.6049    6.693191
                  75  |  -15.33912   12.20294    -1.26   0.209    -39.25645    8.578205
                  76  |  -29.92031   16.52782    -1.81   0.070    -62.31425    2.473628
                  78  |  -8.604316   13.66165    -0.63   0.529    -35.38066    18.17202
                  80  |    19.0764   28.87995     0.66   0.509    -37.52727    75.68007
                  81  |  -9.124554   13.19204    -0.69   0.489    -34.98048    16.73137
                  82  |  -7.557032   7.974317    -0.95   0.343    -23.18641    8.072342
                  86  |  -7.634749   7.842304    -0.97   0.330    -23.00538    7.735884
                  92  |  -35.40378   15.78286    -2.24   0.025    -66.33762   -4.469946
                  93  |   5.407166   7.281486     0.74   0.458    -8.864284    19.67862
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -55.67075   16.27905    -3.42   0.001     -87.5771   -23.76439
                1977  |  -52.31094   16.88417    -3.10   0.002     -85.4033   -19.21858
                1978  |  -44.07802   15.35587    -2.87   0.004    -74.17497   -13.98108
                1979  |  -43.10948   15.34125    -2.81   0.005    -73.17779   -13.04118
                1980  |  -51.16864   15.37511    -3.33   0.001    -81.30331   -21.03397
                1981  |  -77.48228   17.24216    -4.49   0.000    -111.2763   -43.68827
                1982  |  -67.20396   18.60957    -3.61   0.000     -103.678   -30.72987
                1983  |  -64.98658   16.59225    -3.92   0.000    -97.50679   -32.46636
                1984  |  -61.34791   16.41273    -3.74   0.000    -93.51628   -29.17954
                1985  |  -55.34041   16.48278    -3.36   0.001    -87.64607   -23.03475
                1986  |   -21.9836   16.56472    -1.33   0.184    -54.44986    10.48266
                1987  |  -42.55254   16.24196    -2.62   0.009     -74.3862   -10.71887
                1988  |  -30.39377   16.24338    -1.87   0.061     -62.2302    1.442664
                1989  |  -26.32829   16.28203    -1.62   0.106    -58.24048    5.583896
                1990  |  -51.79609   16.30104    -3.18   0.001    -83.74554   -19.84664
                1991  |  -67.73654   15.40402    -4.40   0.000    -97.92786   -37.54523
                1992  |  -71.99549   15.97884    -4.51   0.000    -103.3134   -40.67755
                1993  |  -52.87699   15.92973    -3.32   0.001    -84.09869   -21.65529
                1994  |   -39.0697   18.75267    -2.08   0.037    -75.82426   -2.315143
                1995  |  -36.63355   18.69298    -1.96   0.050    -73.27111    .0040148
                1996  |  -68.71459   18.61785    -3.69   0.000    -105.2049   -32.22428
                1997  |  -51.63164   19.20689    -2.69   0.007    -89.27645   -13.98683
                1998  |  -57.11044   17.22473    -3.32   0.001    -90.87028   -23.35059
                1999  |   -61.0252   18.01769    -3.39   0.001    -96.33923   -25.71117
                2000  |  -39.28206   16.97541    -2.31   0.021    -72.55326   -6.010859
                2001  |  -55.97492   17.25198    -3.24   0.001    -89.78818   -22.16166
                2002  |  -46.83493   16.72716    -2.80   0.005    -79.61956    -14.0503
                2003  |  -39.70457   15.44801    -2.57   0.010    -69.98212   -9.427017
                2004  |  -40.93517   15.29316    -2.68   0.007    -70.90921   -10.96113
                2005  |  -40.47962   15.27402    -2.65   0.008    -70.41616   -10.54309
                2006  |  -41.68006   16.31651    -2.55   0.011    -73.65983   -9.700279
                2007  |  -56.09581   16.83655    -3.33   0.001    -89.09485   -23.09677
                2008  |  -35.98884   17.78657    -2.02   0.043    -70.84988   -1.127807
                2009  |  -73.61597   19.50449    -3.77   0.000    -111.8441   -35.38786
                2010  |  -7.583123   18.49302    -0.41   0.682    -43.82878    28.66253
                2011  |  -59.95365   17.68601    -3.39   0.001    -94.61759   -25.28971
                2012  |  -45.50587   17.75432    -2.56   0.010    -80.30369   -10.70804
                2013  |  -63.23283   17.44883    -3.62   0.000    -97.43191   -29.03374
                2014  |  -68.42863   17.95782    -3.81   0.000    -103.6253   -33.23194
                2015  |  -72.66233   17.86096    -4.07   0.000    -107.6692    -37.6555
                2016  |  -70.28876   18.00431    -3.90   0.000    -105.5766   -35.00096
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |  -51.35005   19.59824    -2.62   0.009     -89.7619    -12.9382
                   3  |   61.75011   48.18639     1.28   0.200    -32.69349    156.1937
                   4  |  -73.01271   21.77791    -3.35   0.001    -115.6966   -30.32878
                      |
        year#regionid |
              1975 3  |          0  (empty)
              1976 2  |   62.41544   18.18715     3.43   0.001     26.76928    98.06161
              1976 3  |          0  (empty)
              1976 4  |   80.55494   22.10271     3.64   0.000     37.23443    123.8755
              1977 2  |   57.76128    19.3064     2.99   0.003     19.92143    95.60113
              1977 3  |          0  (empty)
              1977 4  |   69.92569   23.13212     3.02   0.003     24.58757    115.2638
              1978 2  |    55.3781   17.76283     3.12   0.002     20.56359    90.19262
              1978 3  |          0  (empty)
              1978 4  |   58.46656   22.30008     2.62   0.009     14.75921    102.1739
              1979 2  |   59.83007   17.96701     3.33   0.001     24.61537    95.04477
              1979 3  |          0  (empty)
              1979 4  |   65.03728   21.87869     2.97   0.003     22.15583    107.9187
              1980 2  |   60.11939   17.88935     3.36   0.001     25.05691    95.18188
              1980 3  |          0  (empty)
              1980 4  |   29.96777   21.62909     1.39   0.166    -12.42447    72.36001
              1981 2  |   73.62035   19.46405     3.78   0.000     35.47151    111.7692
              1981 3  |          0  (empty)
              1981 4  |   86.35391   21.90459     3.94   0.000     43.42171    129.2861
              1982 2  |   83.81363   20.53769     4.08   0.000     43.56051    124.0668
              1982 3  |          0  (empty)
              1982 4  |   64.62668   22.84378     2.83   0.005     19.85368    109.3997
              1983 2  |   64.99397   18.64661     3.49   0.000      28.4473    101.5407
              1983 3  |          0  (empty)
              1983 4  |   66.20674   21.11901     3.13   0.002     24.81424    107.5992
              1984 2  |   51.86552   18.63691     2.78   0.005     15.33784    88.39319
              1984 3  |          0  (empty)
              1984 4  |   81.04104    21.1041     3.84   0.000     39.67775    122.4043
              1985 2  |    42.5649   18.61138     2.29   0.022     6.087268    79.04254
              1985 3  |          0  (empty)
              1985 4  |   60.40872   20.82099     2.90   0.004     19.60032    101.2171
              1986 2  |   24.73374   18.24878     1.36   0.175    -11.03322    60.50069
              1986 3  |          0  (empty)
              1986 4  |   35.08324   20.75531     1.69   0.091    -5.596426    75.76291
              1987 2  |   48.30661   18.27204     2.64   0.008     12.49406    84.11915
              1987 3  |          0  (empty)
              1987 4  |   62.85227   20.60416     3.05   0.002     22.46885    103.2357
              1988 2  |   41.37849    18.1648     2.28   0.023     5.776135    76.98085
              1988 3  |          0  (empty)
              1988 4  |    47.8162   20.46932     2.34   0.019     7.697059    87.93534
              1989 2  |   36.72198   17.94154     2.05   0.041     1.557211    71.88674
              1989 3  |          0  (empty)
              1989 4  |   40.06639   20.47606     1.96   0.050    -.0659425    80.19873
              1990 2  |    57.3055   17.88374     3.20   0.001     22.25401    92.35699
              1990 3  |   4.000213   52.63473     0.08   0.939    -99.16196    107.1624
              1990 4  |    84.6641   20.53842     4.12   0.000     44.40954    124.9187
              1991 2  |   73.00381   17.07497     4.28   0.000     39.53748    106.4701
              1991 3  |          0  (omitted)
              1991 4  |   77.53743   19.92904     3.89   0.000     38.47722    116.5976
              1992 2  |   71.33069   17.36247     4.11   0.000     37.30088    105.3605
              1992 3  |   -29.8916   49.07348    -0.61   0.542    -126.0738    66.29064
              1992 4  |   95.89377   20.44311     4.69   0.000     55.82601    135.9615
              1993 2  |   58.65445   17.42715     3.37   0.001     24.49786    92.81105
              1993 3  |   57.96977   48.31787     1.20   0.230    -36.73152    152.6711
              1993 4  |   83.51039   20.37442     4.10   0.000     43.57726    123.4435
              1994 2  |   43.92571    19.6763     2.23   0.026     5.360872    82.49055
              1994 3  |   19.59903    49.4427     0.40   0.692    -77.30688    116.5049
              1994 4  |   54.90222   22.83041     2.40   0.016     10.15544      99.649
              1995 2  |    39.5361   19.81864     1.99   0.046     .6922828    78.37992
              1995 3  |  -19.75189   49.41534    -0.40   0.689    -116.6042     77.1004
              1995 4  |   49.87004    22.9751     2.17   0.030     4.839684     94.9004
              1996 2  |   75.49126   19.95749     3.78   0.000      36.3753    114.6072
              1996 3  |    34.3764   52.21562     0.66   0.510    -67.96434    136.7171
              1996 4  |   69.46045   22.99845     3.02   0.003     24.38433    114.5366
              1997 2  |   44.64662   20.50546     2.18   0.029     4.456663    84.83659
              1997 3  |   -61.1202   51.23806    -1.19   0.233     -161.545    39.30456
              1997 4  |   70.98249   23.31623     3.04   0.002     25.28352    116.6815
              1998 2  |    42.9524   18.49205     2.32   0.020     6.708652    79.19616
              1998 3  |   -55.8533   50.50059    -1.11   0.269    -154.8326    43.12603
              1998 4  |   71.44429   22.00402     3.25   0.001     28.31721    114.5714
              1999 2  |   53.65553   19.62321     2.73   0.006     15.19474    92.11633
              1999 3  |  -47.64511   50.50032    -0.94   0.345    -146.6239     51.3337
              1999 4  |   62.23643   22.40966     2.78   0.005     18.31429    106.1586
              2000 2  |    41.9457   18.54257     2.26   0.024     5.602934    78.28848
              2000 3  |  -47.59039   49.85782    -0.95   0.340    -145.3099    50.12915
              2000 4  |   40.46396   21.66226     1.87   0.062    -1.993288     82.9212
              2001 2  |   53.76258   18.41946     2.92   0.004      17.6611    89.86406
              2001 3  |  -39.65513   49.99065    -0.79   0.428     -137.635    58.32473
              2001 4  |   46.89329   21.94791     2.14   0.033     3.876173    89.91042
              2002 2  |   40.82527   18.35762     2.22   0.026     4.844983    76.80555
              2002 3  |  -58.20014   49.81461    -1.17   0.243     -155.835    39.43469
              2002 4  |    48.8222   21.51032     2.27   0.023     6.662742    90.98166
              2003 2  |   48.23351   17.11623     2.82   0.005     14.68632     81.7807
              2003 3  |  -53.74547    49.0269    -1.10   0.273    -149.8364    42.34548
              2003 4  |   43.65088   20.52839     2.13   0.033     3.415975    83.88579
              2004 2  |   56.15288   17.32412     3.24   0.001     22.19823    90.10752
              2004 3  |  -62.43733   49.18934    -1.27   0.204    -158.8467    33.97201
              2004 4  |    51.4314   20.51677     2.51   0.012     11.21927    91.64352
              2005 2  |   48.68106   17.07926     2.85   0.004     15.20633     82.1558
              2005 3  |  -64.08338   49.31977    -1.30   0.194    -160.7484     32.5816
              2005 4  |   68.16833   20.46221     3.33   0.001     28.06314    108.2735
              2006 2  |   52.76158   18.08908     2.92   0.004     17.30763    88.21553
              2006 3  |  -63.49028   49.99815    -1.27   0.204    -161.4849    34.50429
              2006 4  |   58.30582   21.21696     2.75   0.006     16.72133     99.8903
              2007 2  |   54.71373   18.81468     2.91   0.004     17.83763    91.58984
              2007 3  |  -30.36667   50.10693    -0.61   0.544    -128.5744     67.8411
              2007 4  |   71.02669   21.43475     3.31   0.001     29.01536     113.038
              2008 2  |   29.81068   19.28743     1.55   0.122    -7.991991    67.61336
              2008 3  |  -75.41805   50.50722    -1.49   0.135    -174.4104    23.57427
              2008 4  |   49.24481   22.10675     2.23   0.026     5.916378    92.57323
              2009 2  |   69.40369   20.76441     3.34   0.001      28.7062    110.1012
              2009 3  |  -67.10757   51.32746    -1.31   0.191    -167.7076    33.49241
              2009 4  |   62.39574   23.55558     2.65   0.008     16.22766    108.5638
              2010 2  |   12.47329   19.82472     0.63   0.529    -26.38245    51.32903
              2010 3  |  -97.78215   51.07907    -1.91   0.056    -197.8953     2.33098
              2010 4  |    20.3469   22.67133     0.90   0.369    -24.08809    64.78189
              2011 2  |   57.52793   19.18574     3.00   0.003     19.92457    95.13129
              2011 3  |  -48.78149   50.79156    -0.96   0.337    -148.3311    50.76814
              2011 4  |   76.25987   22.08896     3.45   0.001     32.96631    119.5534
              2012 2  |   45.24157   19.15088     2.36   0.018     7.706527     82.7766
              2012 3  |  -67.97339   50.85022    -1.34   0.181     -167.638    31.69121
              2012 4  |    57.1487   22.21542     2.57   0.010     13.60728    100.6901
              2013 2  |   58.17637   18.48214     3.15   0.002     21.95205     94.4007
              2013 3  |  -53.56325   50.58335    -1.06   0.290    -152.7048    45.57829
              2013 4  |   66.09501    21.9452     3.01   0.003     23.08322    109.1068
              2014 2  |   65.80788   19.21632     3.42   0.001     28.14458    103.4712
              2014 3  |  -41.28179   50.96356    -0.81   0.418    -141.1685    58.60496
              2014 4  |   86.67064   22.47986     3.86   0.000     42.61092    130.7304
              2015 2  |   72.80467   19.16427     3.80   0.000      35.2434    110.3659
              2015 3  |  -35.52042    50.8444    -0.70   0.485    -135.1736    64.13278
              2015 4  |   82.90084   22.64785     3.66   0.000     38.51187    127.2898
              2016 2  |   68.91154   19.20352     3.59   0.000     31.27334    106.5497
              2016 3  |  -37.21901   52.00544    -0.72   0.474    -139.1478    64.70978
              2016 4  |   69.94629   23.03891     3.04   0.002     24.79085    115.1017
                      |
                _cons |   68.16823   17.59728     3.87   0.000     33.67821    102.6583
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |    .052208
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est2 stored)

. 
. * (3) Excluding ideology controls
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e chcpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1,
>  hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1597
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(102)    =     191.60
Estimated coefficients     =       103          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -22.93987   10.33525    -2.22   0.026    -43.19659   -2.683146
         eltlnpolconv |   5.727867   2.627086     2.18   0.029     .5788724    10.87686
            lnpolconv |   .2806159    1.90933     0.15   0.883    -3.461602    4.022834
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   5.910133   10.75928     0.55   0.583    -15.17766    26.99793
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6637796   .4340837    -1.53   0.126    -1.514568    .1870088
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |   -19.1313   16.11198    -1.19   0.235    -50.71019     12.4476
                   9  |  -7.351597    18.1151    -0.41   0.685    -42.85654    28.15334
                  10  |  -20.89363   16.44238    -1.27   0.204     -53.1201    11.33285
                  11  |  -19.18964    16.2699    -1.18   0.238    -51.07806    12.69877
                  12  |  -25.23936   16.12134    -1.57   0.117    -56.83661      6.3579
                  13  |   -54.3445   17.61787    -3.08   0.002    -88.87489   -19.81412
                  15  |  -7.547097   22.15473    -0.34   0.733    -50.96957    35.87537
                  21  |  -26.09013   16.44393    -1.59   0.113    -58.31964    6.139388
                  24  |   -24.2538   25.29572    -0.96   0.338    -73.83249     25.3249
                  25  |  -26.14945   16.48455    -1.59   0.113    -58.45858     6.15968
                  26  |  -.8965412   19.13705    -0.05   0.963    -38.40447    36.61138
                  27  |  -23.96761   16.17572    -1.48   0.138    -55.67145     7.73622
                  29  |  -26.27607   16.56343    -1.59   0.113    -58.73979    6.187649
                  30  |  -15.47796   16.10042    -0.96   0.336    -47.03419    16.07828
                  32  |  -26.35345   16.01393    -1.65   0.100    -57.74019    5.033282
                  36  |  -16.39895   22.05342    -0.74   0.457    -59.62285    26.82496
                  37  |  -.5992872   22.03719    -0.03   0.978    -43.79139    42.59282
                  38  |  -8.067525   18.80484    -0.43   0.668    -44.92434    28.78929
                  39  |  -25.80487   16.06003    -1.61   0.108    -57.28195    5.672212
                  41  |  -4.437932    25.8793    -0.17   0.864    -55.16043    46.28456
                  42  |  -14.42249   18.89146    -0.76   0.445    -51.44908    22.60409
                  43  |  -20.86248   17.07402    -1.22   0.222    -54.32694    12.60198
                  44  |  -22.38074   16.10536    -1.39   0.165    -53.94667    9.185187
                  45  |  -22.75238   15.99698    -1.42   0.155    -54.10587    8.601119
                  46  |  -29.12807   16.75075    -1.74   0.082    -61.95895    3.702798
                  49  |  -9.166872   19.44989    -0.47   0.637    -47.28796    28.95421
                  51  |  -3.819322   17.71014    -0.22   0.829    -38.53056    30.89191
                  52  |  -18.99202   18.03927    -1.05   0.292    -54.34833    16.36429
                  53  |  -20.19195   17.35417    -1.16   0.245    -54.20549     13.8216
                  54  |  -18.48572   16.83489    -1.10   0.272    -51.48151    14.51006
                  55  |  -8.284398   20.51439    -0.40   0.686    -48.49186    31.92306
                  56  |  -20.93229   16.36185    -1.28   0.201    -53.00093    11.13635
                  57  |  -21.55534   16.03832    -1.34   0.179    -52.98987    9.879178
                  59  |  -26.24858   16.06371    -1.63   0.102    -57.73287    5.235709
                  60  |   -21.1934   16.63955    -1.27   0.203    -53.80633    11.41953
                  61  |  -14.89465   17.12604    -0.87   0.384    -48.46107    18.67177
                  63  |     67.254   50.10833     1.34   0.180    -30.95652    165.4645
                  64  |  -17.06834   17.65847    -0.97   0.334     -51.6783    17.54163
                  65  |   -18.3715   16.17942    -1.14   0.256    -50.08259    13.33958
                  66  |  -17.49762   16.61851    -1.05   0.292    -50.06929    15.07406
                  67  |  -14.86689   17.55123    -0.85   0.397    -49.26667    19.53289
                  68  |  -21.35058   16.73965    -1.28   0.202    -54.15969    11.45852
                  70  |  -25.66675   16.11949    -1.59   0.111    -57.26036    5.926863
                  71  |  -10.81065   16.51575    -0.65   0.513    -43.18093    21.55963
                  72  |  -28.08611    17.6415    -1.59   0.111    -62.66282    6.490594
                  73  |  -23.45428   16.51773    -1.42   0.156    -55.82843    8.919876
                  74  |  -22.70459   15.97613    -1.42   0.155    -54.01723    8.608045
                  75  |  -21.23746   16.34564    -1.30   0.194    -53.27432     10.7994
                  76  |  -21.82317   17.55408    -1.24   0.214    -56.22854     12.5822
                  78  |  -21.06289   16.20221    -1.30   0.194    -52.81863    10.69286
                  80  |   2.422957   33.31809     0.07   0.942     -62.8793    67.72521
                  81  |  -24.93118   15.97251    -1.56   0.119    -56.23673    6.374367
                  82  |  -22.17454   16.08986    -1.38   0.168    -53.71009    9.361006
                  86  |  -23.31747   16.07625    -1.45   0.147    -54.82634    8.191406
                  92  |  -29.07804   16.74169    -1.74   0.082    -61.89115    3.735066
                  93  |   -23.4105   16.07712    -1.46   0.145    -54.92107     8.10007
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |   -10.3321   7.702732    -1.34   0.180    -25.42918    4.764976
                1977  |  -10.66694   8.762064    -1.22   0.223    -27.84027     6.50639
                1978  |  -3.124328   7.631446    -0.41   0.682    -18.08169    11.83303
                1979  |  -.7693033   7.867213    -0.10   0.922    -16.18876    14.65015
                1980  |  -19.48963   7.669065    -2.54   0.011    -34.52072   -4.458539
                1981  |  -18.72487   7.586443    -2.47   0.014    -33.59403    -3.85572
                1982  |  -18.14179   8.205806    -2.21   0.027    -34.22488   -2.058709
                1983  |  -20.55027   7.954999    -2.58   0.010    -36.14178   -4.958759
                1984  |  -15.97082   7.770553    -2.06   0.040    -31.20082   -.7408128
                1985  |  -20.97245   7.531851    -2.78   0.005     -35.7346   -6.210291
                1986  |  -2.438764   7.628473    -0.32   0.749     -17.3903    12.51277
                1987  |  -4.138249   7.183894    -0.58   0.565    -18.21842    9.941924
                1988  |  -2.293596   6.870859    -0.33   0.739    -15.76023    11.17304
                1989  |  -5.741784   7.029485    -0.82   0.414    -19.51932    8.035754
                1990  |  -1.394099   6.818934    -0.20   0.838    -14.75896    11.97077
                1991  |  -14.52394   6.743325    -2.15   0.031    -27.74061   -1.307262
                1992  |  -13.20638   7.063024    -1.87   0.062    -27.04966    .6368879
                1993  |   3.782591   7.085863     0.53   0.593    -10.10545    17.67063
                1994  |  -1.028068   7.951007    -0.13   0.897    -16.61175    14.55562
                1995  |  -4.437224   7.827042    -0.57   0.571    -19.77794     10.9035
                1996  |  -10.97416     7.5134    -1.46   0.144    -25.70016    3.751829
                1997  |  -15.61773   7.735773    -2.02   0.043    -30.77957   -.4558969
                1998  |  -20.00284    7.48411    -2.67   0.008    -34.67142   -5.334249
                1999  |  -21.98888   7.906627    -2.78   0.005    -37.48558   -6.492177
                2000  |  -8.072532   7.994018    -1.01   0.313    -23.74052    7.595454
                2001  |  -19.59862   7.839554    -2.50   0.012    -34.96386   -4.233375
                2002  |   -16.2912   7.858571    -2.07   0.038    -31.69371   -.8886804
                2003  |  -8.707212   7.483627    -1.16   0.245    -23.37485    5.960428
                2004  |   -7.58067   7.335943    -1.03   0.301    -21.95885    6.797514
                2005  |  -4.581374   7.321478    -0.63   0.531    -18.93121    9.768458
                2006  |  -6.307511   7.505184    -0.84   0.401     -21.0174    8.402379
                2007  |  -11.07194   7.757188    -1.43   0.153    -26.27575    4.131867
                2008  |  -10.57312   7.850917    -1.35   0.178    -25.96064    4.814392
                2009  |  -33.79914   7.865744    -4.30   0.000    -49.21571   -18.38256
                2010  |   3.462439   8.368829     0.41   0.679    -12.94016    19.86504
                2011  |  -16.23126   7.956213    -2.04   0.041    -31.82515   -.6373695
                2012  |  -12.11939   7.936512    -1.53   0.127    -27.67466    3.435892
                2013  |  -23.09923    8.26143    -2.80   0.005    -39.29133   -6.907125
                2014  |  -19.16823    8.51857    -2.25   0.024    -35.86432   -2.472143
                2015  |  -22.31089   8.640401    -2.58   0.010    -39.24576   -5.376015
                2016  |  -23.90768   8.985823    -2.66   0.008    -41.51957   -6.295795
                      |
                _cons |   40.35816   18.38814     2.19   0.028     4.318055    76.39826
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0914181
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est3 stored)

. 
. * (4) Excluding ideology controls
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv  chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e chcpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, he
> tonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1576
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(102)    =     191.46
Estimated coefficients     =       103          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -12.69781   5.665185    -2.24   0.025    -23.80137   -1.594251
           eltpolconv |   22.15013   9.469926     2.34   0.019     3.589421    40.71085
              polconv |  -4.996934   6.594187    -0.76   0.449     -17.9213    7.927434
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.094683   10.77006     0.57   0.571    -15.01426    27.20362
          chcpi_w005e |   -.608136   .4355481    -1.40   0.163    -1.461794    .2455225
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |    -19.269   16.13218    -1.19   0.232     -50.8875     12.3495
                   9  |  -11.92357   17.37428    -0.69   0.493    -45.97653    22.12939
                  10  |  -20.52216   16.45544    -1.25   0.212    -52.77423    11.72991
                  11  |  -18.46703   16.30218    -1.13   0.257    -50.41872    13.48466
                  12  |  -24.03113     16.223    -1.48   0.139    -55.82763    7.765374
                  13  |  -52.74351   17.68054    -2.98   0.003    -87.39674   -18.09028
                  15  |  -6.357818   22.20993    -0.29   0.775    -49.88848    37.17285
                  21  |  -24.90162   16.48526    -1.51   0.131    -57.21214    7.408896
                  24  |  -25.97908   24.73054    -1.05   0.293    -74.45004    22.49188
                  25  |   -24.6684   16.59792    -1.49   0.137    -57.19972    7.862922
                  26  |  -2.747479   19.52377    -0.14   0.888    -41.01336     35.5184
                  27  |  -23.88663   16.20797    -1.47   0.141    -55.65367    7.880402
                  29  |  -25.35075   16.55244    -1.53   0.126    -57.79294    7.091448
                  30  |  -16.56422    16.1751    -1.02   0.306    -48.26683    15.13839
                  32  |  -26.38611   16.04938    -1.64   0.100    -57.84232    5.070097
                  36  |    -15.498   21.91911    -0.71   0.480    -58.45866    27.46267
                  37  |  -1.099617   22.04589    -0.05   0.960    -44.30877    42.10953
                  38  |  -8.550206   18.80819    -0.45   0.649    -45.41359    28.31317
                  39  |  -25.41667   16.07808    -1.58   0.114    -56.92912    6.095779
                  41  |  -6.148176   26.00611    -0.24   0.813    -57.11921    44.82286
                  42  |  -14.17071   18.89895    -0.75   0.453    -51.21196    22.87055
                  43  |  -23.26196   16.65841    -1.40   0.163    -55.91185    9.387935
                  44  |    -22.581   16.13808    -1.40   0.162    -54.21105    9.049046
                  45  |  -21.76569   16.05476    -1.36   0.175    -53.23244    9.701054
                  46  |   -28.8317   16.97213    -1.70   0.089    -62.09647    4.433061
                  49  |  -9.135813   19.36679    -0.47   0.637    -47.09403     28.8224
                  51  |  -3.958515   17.67609    -0.22   0.823    -38.60301    30.68598
                  52  |  -17.42306    18.1345    -0.96   0.337    -52.96603    18.11991
                  53  |  -21.20393   17.33347    -1.22   0.221    -55.17691    12.76906
                  54  |  -18.34407   16.85048    -1.09   0.276    -51.37041    14.68227
                  55  |  -8.321436   20.44418    -0.41   0.684     -48.3913    31.74843
                  56  |  -19.72523   16.44723    -1.20   0.230     -51.9612    12.51075
                  57  |  -21.96465   16.05763    -1.37   0.171    -53.43703    9.507728
                  59  |  -24.94481   16.16638    -1.54   0.123    -56.63032    6.740708
                  60  |  -20.42758    16.7322    -1.22   0.222    -53.22208    12.36692
                  61  |  -13.93684   17.19205    -0.81   0.418    -47.63263    19.75895
                  63  |    66.7627   49.72188     1.34   0.179    -30.69041    164.2158
                  64  |  -16.04821   17.67508    -0.91   0.364    -50.69073    18.59431
                  65  |  -18.66763   16.20845    -1.15   0.249     -50.4356    13.10034
                  66  |  -17.08571   16.61675    -1.03   0.304    -49.65394    15.48252
                  67  |  -15.15347   17.62212    -0.86   0.390    -49.69219    19.38525
                  68  |   -20.8987   16.76902    -1.25   0.213    -53.76538    11.96797
                  70  |  -25.51837      16.14    -1.58   0.114     -57.1522    6.115448
                  71  |  -11.31003   16.56835    -0.68   0.495     -43.7834    21.16334
                  72  |  -26.36659   17.74558    -1.49   0.137     -61.1473    8.414112
                  73  |  -23.79417   16.53914    -1.44   0.150     -56.2103     8.62195
                  74  |  -22.88242   15.99576    -1.43   0.153    -54.23353    8.468687
                  75  |  -20.54789   16.39905    -1.25   0.210    -52.68943    11.59366
                  76  |  -23.13659   17.61445    -1.31   0.189    -57.66027    11.38709
                  78  |  -21.99522   16.26386    -1.35   0.176     -53.8718    9.881354
                  80  |   2.373086   33.20115     0.07   0.943    -62.69997    67.44614
                  81  |  -25.16343   16.00412    -1.57   0.116    -56.53092    6.204061
                  82  |  -22.15124   16.11782    -1.37   0.169    -53.74159    9.439114
                  86  |  -23.09162   16.11044    -1.43   0.152    -54.66749    8.484262
                  92  |  -28.09872   16.85418    -1.67   0.095    -61.13231    4.934879
                  93  |  -23.03066   16.10163    -1.43   0.153    -54.58929    8.527958
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -9.423199    7.75455    -1.22   0.224    -24.62184    5.775439
                1977  |  -10.60412   8.776388    -1.21   0.227    -27.80552    6.597287
                1978  |  -3.258193   7.635307    -0.43   0.670    -18.22312    11.70673
                1979  |  -1.530205   7.754888    -0.20   0.844    -16.72951    13.66909
                1980  |  -19.81084    7.60013    -2.61   0.009    -34.70682   -4.914859
                1981  |  -20.28372    7.55296    -2.69   0.007    -35.08725   -5.480186
                1982  |   -17.9581   8.194798    -2.19   0.028    -34.01961   -1.896592
                1983  |   -20.8144   7.950634    -2.62   0.009    -36.39736   -5.231443
                1984  |  -15.87911   7.762206    -2.05   0.041    -31.09276   -.6654673
                1985  |  -20.90299   7.520879    -2.78   0.005    -35.64364   -6.162336
                1986  |  -2.651004   7.582686    -0.35   0.727     -17.5128    12.21079
                1987  |   -4.54256   7.178106    -0.63   0.527    -18.61139    9.526269
                1988  |  -2.548997   6.841335    -0.37   0.709    -15.95777    10.85977
                1989  |  -5.847866   7.012707    -0.83   0.404    -19.59252    7.896788
                1990  |  -2.219303   6.799894    -0.33   0.744    -15.54685    11.10824
                1991  |  -15.36931   6.763449    -2.27   0.023    -28.62543   -2.113195
                1992  |  -14.90409   7.104988    -2.10   0.036    -28.82961   -.9785677
                1993  |   3.597235   7.093615     0.51   0.612    -10.30599    17.50047
                1994  |  -1.275947   7.995687    -0.16   0.873     -16.9472    14.39531
                1995  |  -3.891757   7.847053    -0.50   0.620     -19.2717    11.48818
                1996  |  -10.44286   7.554721    -1.38   0.167    -25.24984    4.364123
                1997  |  -15.04087   7.769451    -1.94   0.053    -30.26871    .1869769
                1998  |  -19.49685   7.484346    -2.61   0.009    -34.16589   -4.827798
                1999  |  -22.09671   7.931774    -2.79   0.005     -37.6427   -6.550714
                2000  |  -8.610806   8.011397    -1.07   0.282    -24.31286    7.091244
                2001  |  -19.13982   7.861452    -2.43   0.015    -34.54799   -3.731661
                2002  |  -16.18511   7.877544    -2.05   0.040    -31.62481   -.7454098
                2003  |  -8.313349     7.4959    -1.11   0.267    -23.00504    6.378344
                2004  |  -7.427528   7.340561    -1.01   0.312    -21.81476    6.959708
                2005  |  -4.297428   7.332192    -0.59   0.558    -18.66826     10.0734
                2006  |  -6.015446   7.514534    -0.80   0.423    -20.74366    8.712769
                2007  |  -10.82718   7.774986    -1.39   0.164    -26.06588    4.411509
                2008  |  -10.25513   7.852762    -1.31   0.192    -25.64626    5.136002
                2009  |  -33.42611   7.872192    -4.25   0.000    -48.85532   -17.99689
                2010  |   3.576672   8.364179     0.43   0.669    -12.81682    19.97016
                2011  |  -15.89543   7.962677    -2.00   0.046    -31.50199   -.2888643
                2012  |  -11.91341    7.93632    -1.50   0.133    -27.46832    3.641488
                2013  |  -22.69536   8.268001    -2.74   0.006    -38.90034   -6.490378
                2014  |  -18.71356   8.539284    -2.19   0.028    -35.45025   -1.976868
                2015  |  -21.98513   8.645761    -2.54   0.011    -38.93051   -5.039744
                2016  |  -23.92329   8.984873    -2.66   0.008    -41.53332   -6.313267
                      |
                _cons |    43.5279   17.23546     2.53   0.012     9.747026    77.30878
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0880197
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est4 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table S2.rtf", title("Supplemental Table S2. Alternative Combinations of Control Variables") mtitles("Reg
> ion-Year Effects" "Region-Year Effects" "Excluding ideology controls" "Excluding ideology controls")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compr
> ess  keep(elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w00
> 5e) order(elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w00
> 5e) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
(output written to ./working data/Table S2.rtf)

. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Supplemental Table S3. Alternative Approaches to Outlying Observations
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * (1) ln(x+min x)
. eststo: xtpcse lngrowth elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv lnchlgrealpcgdpUS  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt lnchcpi i.countryid
>  i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)  

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1534
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     185.85
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |            Het-corrected
         lngrowth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
              elt |  -.5518283   .1458771    -3.78   0.000    -.8377422   -.2659144
     eltlnpolconv |   .1412808   .0373673     3.78   0.000     .0680423    .2145193
        lnpolconv |   .0142536   .0207423     0.69   0.492    -.0264006    .0549077
lnchlgrealpcgdpUS |   .0282089   .0424246     0.66   0.506    -.0549418    .1113596
       regimedum2 |  -.0266937   .0494483    -0.54   0.589    -.1236106    .0702231
       regimedum3 |   .0246998    .059061     0.42   0.676    -.0910575    .1404572
       regimedum4 |  -.0234552    .055615    -0.42   0.673    -.1324586    .0855483
      rpt_for_elt |   -.091315   .0492766    -1.85   0.064    -.1878953    .0052654
          lnchcpi |  -.0388561   .0200378    -1.94   0.052    -.0781295    .0004172
                  |
        countryid |
               5  |  -.1012035   .1169294    -0.87   0.387     -.330381     .127974
               9  |   .0608877   .1432578     0.43   0.671    -.2198925    .3416679
              10  |  -.1376334   .1174196    -1.17   0.241    -.3677716    .0925048
              11  |  -.1022596   .1119339    -0.91   0.361     -.321646    .1171268
              12  |   -.135274   .1137494    -1.19   0.234    -.3582187    .0876708
              13  |  -.5346204   .1718864    -3.11   0.002    -.8715116   -.1977292
              15  |  -.2312157   .3401694    -0.68   0.497    -.8979355     .435504
              21  |  -.1847252   .1247305    -1.48   0.139    -.4291926    .0597422
              24  |  -.1473357   .3149237    -0.47   0.640    -.7645748    .4699033
              25  |  -.1735549   .1149446    -1.51   0.131    -.3988422    .0517324
              26  |   .0786122   .1400561     0.56   0.575    -.1958926     .353117
              27  |  -.1811042   .1159851    -1.56   0.118    -.4084309    .0462225
              29  |  -.1587457   .1185702    -1.34   0.181     -.391139    .0736476
              30  |  -.0309549   .1141253    -0.27   0.786    -.2546363    .1927265
              32  |  -.1600945   .1076439    -1.49   0.137    -.3710726    .0508837
              36  |  -.1517418   .1810687    -0.84   0.402    -.5066299    .2031464
              37  |   .0202338   .1912149     0.11   0.916    -.3545404    .3950081
              38  |   .0308949   .1567999     0.20   0.844    -.2764272    .3382169
              39  |  -.1517257   .1069967    -1.42   0.156    -.3614355     .057984
              41  |  -.3801691     .37571    -1.01   0.312    -1.116547     .356209
              42  |  -.1242632   .1375454    -0.90   0.366    -.3938472    .1453209
              43  |  -.0875162   .1540711    -0.57   0.570      -.38949    .2144575
              44  |   -.121462    .110073    -1.10   0.270    -.3372012    .0942771
              45  |  -.1344878   .1067266    -1.26   0.208    -.3436681    .0746924
              46  |  -.1240715   .1210602    -1.02   0.305    -.3613451     .113202
              49  |  -.0163339   .1575629    -0.10   0.917    -.3251514    .2924837
              51  |   .0362293   .1379316     0.26   0.793    -.2341117    .3065703
              52  |  -.1300748    .145325    -0.90   0.371    -.4149065    .1547569
              53  |  -.1198454    .138181    -0.87   0.386    -.3906752    .1509845
              54  |  -.1246255   .1259363    -0.99   0.322    -.3714561    .1222052
              55  |  -.0727481   .1632591    -0.45   0.656    -.3927301    .2472338
              56  |  -.1888753   .1318363    -1.43   0.152    -.4472697    .0695192
              57  |  -.1787251   .1159003    -1.54   0.123    -.4058855    .0484352
              59  |   -.200749   .1119079    -1.79   0.073    -.4200844    .0185865
              60  |  -.1229838   .1232504    -1.00   0.318    -.3645501    .1185824
              61  |  -.0921424   .1400927    -0.66   0.511    -.3667191    .1824342
              63  |   .1378959   .6175803     0.22   0.823    -1.072539    1.348331
              64  |  -.1326588   .1480048    -0.90   0.370    -.4227429    .1574253
              65  |  -.0657676   .1109046    -0.59   0.553    -.2831368    .1516015
              66  |  -.0966875    .120167    -0.80   0.421    -.3322106    .1388355
              67  |  -.1455133    .139266    -1.04   0.296    -.4184697    .1274431
              68  |  -.1595228   .1186421    -1.34   0.179     -.392057    .0730114
              70  |  -.1476608    .108613    -1.36   0.174    -.3605382    .0652167
              71  |  -.0253412   .1185098    -0.21   0.831    -.2576161    .2069338
              72  |  -.2688522   .1456761    -1.85   0.065    -.5543722    .0166678
              73  |  -.1514563   .1184106    -1.28   0.201    -.3835368    .0806242
              74  |  -.1571879   .1143009    -1.38   0.169    -.3812136    .0668377
              75  |  -.1380572   .1188561    -1.16   0.245     -.371011    .0948965
              76  |  -.1133291   .1466823    -0.77   0.440    -.4008211    .1741629
              78  |  -.1325001   .1106667    -1.20   0.231    -.3494029    .0844026
              80  |  -.0527392   .2013982    -0.26   0.793    -.4474724    .3419939
              81  |  -.1249922   .1065908    -1.17   0.241    -.3339063    .0839219
              82  |  -.1297573   .1127004    -1.15   0.250    -.3506461    .0911314
              86  |  -.1625395   .1178133    -1.38   0.168    -.3934494    .0683703
              92  |  -.2549362   .1350714    -1.89   0.059    -.5196713    .0097989
              93  |  -.1140049   .1081867    -1.05   0.292     -.326047    .0980372
                  |
             year |
            1976  |  -.0976384   .0939975    -1.04   0.299    -.2818701    .0865932
            1977  |  -.0914118   .1024568    -0.89   0.372    -.2922236    .1093999
            1978  |  -.0109619    .094493    -0.12   0.908    -.1961648    .1742411
            1979  |   .0258933    .095614     0.27   0.787    -.1615067    .2132933
            1980  |  -.2518123    .094578    -2.66   0.008    -.4371818   -.0664428
            1981  |  -.1624139   .0935339    -1.74   0.082     -.345737    .0209092
            1982  |  -.1642549   .0968866    -1.70   0.090    -.3541491    .0256394
            1983  |  -.2000688   .0923188    -2.17   0.030    -.3810103   -.0191272
            1984  |   -.159968   .0919651    -1.74   0.082    -.3402163    .0202802
            1985  |  -.1958091   .0884125    -2.21   0.027    -.3690945   -.0225237
            1986  |   .0024051   .0899857     0.03   0.979    -.1739635    .1787738
            1987  |   .0037137   .0856418     0.04   0.965    -.1641412    .1715686
            1988  |   .0183399   .0827906     0.22   0.825    -.1439268    .1806065
            1989  |  -.0204754   .0839305    -0.24   0.807    -.1849761    .1440254
            1990  |   .0154239   .0821957     0.19   0.851    -.1456768    .1765246
            1991  |  -.1446553    .081071    -1.78   0.074    -.3035516     .014241
            1992  |  -.0935117   .0843322    -1.11   0.267    -.2587997    .0717764
            1993  |   .0227531   .0837702     0.27   0.786    -.1414334    .1869397
            1994  |  -.1604847   .0987996    -1.62   0.104    -.3541284    .0331591
            1995  |  -.0591461   .0974488    -0.61   0.544    -.2501421      .13185
            1996  |  -.0895204   .0962803    -0.93   0.352    -.2782263    .0991855
            1997  |  -.1321047   .0945367    -1.40   0.162    -.3173933    .0531839
            1998  |  -.2266414   .0853266    -2.66   0.008    -.3938784   -.0594044
            1999  |  -.1834025   .0924505    -1.98   0.047    -.3646021   -.0022029
            2000  |  -.0444636    .095827    -0.46   0.643    -.2322811    .1433539
            2001  |  -.1884706   .0951217    -1.98   0.048    -.3749056   -.0020355
            2002  |  -.1763387    .094533    -1.87   0.062      -.36162    .0089426
            2003  |  -.0692169   .0849594    -0.81   0.415    -.2357343    .0973004
            2004  |  -.0399427   .0846453    -0.47   0.637    -.2058444    .1259591
            2005  |  -.0197156   .0845313    -0.23   0.816    -.1853938    .1459627
            2006  |  -.0066138   .0936326    -0.07   0.944    -.1901304    .1769028
            2007  |  -.0712522   .0936724    -0.76   0.447    -.2548467    .1123423
            2008  |  -.0642748    .096587    -0.67   0.506     -.253582    .1250323
            2009  |  -.4362444   .0956315    -4.56   0.000    -.6236788   -.2488101
            2010  |   .0160819   .1018094     0.16   0.874    -.1834609    .2156248
            2011  |  -.1077678   .0983933    -1.10   0.273     -.300615    .0850794
            2012  |  -.0942808   .0937813    -1.01   0.315    -.2780887    .0895271
            2013  |  -.1917713   .0958283    -2.00   0.045    -.3795914   -.0039512
            2014  |  -.1530659   .1013038    -1.51   0.131    -.3516177     .045486
            2015  |  -.1786512   .1066986    -1.67   0.094    -.3877766    .0304742
            2016  |  -.1940919   .1109173    -1.75   0.080    -.4114858     .023302
                  |
            _cons |   4.553815   .1533902    29.69   0.000     4.253176    4.854455
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
              rho |   .0583148
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) ln(x+min x)
. eststo: xtpcse lngrowth elt eltpolconv polconv  lnchlgrealpcgdpUS  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt lnchcpi i.countryid i.
> year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)  

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1365
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     183.59
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  |            Het-corrected
         lngrowth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
              elt |  -.2642796   .0751591    -3.52   0.000    -.4115887   -.1169705
       eltpolconv |   .4732586   .1279725     3.70   0.000     .2224371    .7240801
          polconv |   -.036638   .0766822    -0.48   0.633    -.1869324    .1136564
lnchlgrealpcgdpUS |   .0317834   .0428088     0.74   0.458    -.0521203    .1156871
       regimedum2 |  -.0236812   .0503494    -0.47   0.638    -.1223642    .0750017
       regimedum3 |   .0362224   .0594151     0.61   0.542    -.0802291    .1526739
       regimedum4 |  -.0171781   .0571097    -0.30   0.764    -.1291109    .0947548
      rpt_for_elt |  -.0896125   .0491901    -1.82   0.068    -.1860233    .0067982
          lnchcpi |  -.0305582   .0206572    -1.48   0.139    -.0710455    .0099291
                  |
        countryid |
               5  |  -.0966914   .1177709    -0.82   0.412    -.3275182    .1341354
               9  |  -.0451548   .1399119    -0.32   0.747    -.3193771    .2290675
              10  |  -.1328859   .1181832    -1.12   0.261    -.3645207    .0987489
              11  |   -.092787   .1130074    -0.82   0.412    -.3142775    .1287035
              12  |  -.1326961   .1159274    -1.14   0.252    -.3599096    .0945173
              13  |  -.5177302   .1723593    -3.00   0.003    -.8555483   -.1799121
              15  |  -.2225203   .3412306    -0.65   0.514    -.8913201    .4462795
              21  |  -.1653899   .1264608    -1.31   0.191    -.4132485    .0824687
              24  |  -.2002873   .2931298    -0.68   0.494    -.7748113    .3742366
              25  |  -.1593432   .1175702    -1.36   0.175    -.3897765    .0710901
              26  |   .0337011   .1477977     0.23   0.820     -.255977    .3233793
              27  |  -.1978352   .1149169    -1.72   0.085    -.4230682    .0273978
              29  |  -.1391796   .1190904    -1.17   0.243    -.3725925    .0942333
              30  |   -.053887   .1161144    -0.46   0.643     -.281467     .173693
              32  |  -.1569255   .1089261    -1.44   0.150    -.3704168    .0565658
              36  |  -.1443797   .1790351    -0.81   0.420     -.495282    .2065226
              37  |   .0116721   .1917163     0.06   0.951    -.3640849    .3874292
              38  |    .018124   .1572937     0.12   0.908    -.2901659    .3264139
              39  |  -.1422345   .1078325    -1.32   0.187    -.3535824    .0691134
              41  |  -.4231871   .3905035    -1.08   0.278     -1.18856    .3421857
              42  |  -.1235698    .138551    -0.89   0.372    -.3951248    .1479852
              43  |  -.1478899    .134287    -1.10   0.271    -.4110876    .1153078
              44  |  -.1240359   .1109574    -1.12   0.264    -.3415083    .0934365
              45  |  -.1225707   .1083336    -1.13   0.258    -.3349007    .0897592
              46  |  -.1169624   .1283883    -0.91   0.362    -.3685988    .1346739
              49  |  -.0123053   .1560765    -0.08   0.937    -.3182096     .293599
              51  |   .0307027   .1401448     0.22   0.827     -.243976    .3053814
              52  |  -.1134241   .1484421    -0.76   0.445    -.4043652    .1775171
              53  |  -.1421681   .1384205    -1.03   0.304    -.4134672    .1291311
              54  |   -.121535   .1270623    -0.96   0.339    -.3705724    .1275025
              55  |  -.0801271   .1626693    -0.49   0.622     -.398953    .2386988
              56  |  -.1698942   .1355201    -1.25   0.210    -.4355086    .0957203
              57  |  -.1814813   .1160598    -1.56   0.118    -.4089544    .0459918
              59  |  -.1846393   .1153893    -1.60   0.110    -.4107981    .0415196
              60  |  -.1230212   .1251269    -0.98   0.326    -.3682654    .1222231
              61  |  -.0814918   .1433944    -0.57   0.570    -.3625397    .1995561
              63  |   .1275377   .6108899     0.21   0.835    -1.069784     1.32486
              64  |  -.1293289   .1480704    -0.87   0.382    -.4195416    .1608838
              65  |  -.0763434   .1108799    -0.69   0.491     -.293664    .1409772
              66  |  -.0966508   .1210426    -0.80   0.425      -.33389    .1405884
              67  |  -.1486146   .1442543    -1.03   0.303    -.4313479    .1341187
              68  |  -.1481998   .1198584    -1.24   0.216     -.383118    .0867184
              70  |  -.1454671   .1096679    -1.33   0.185    -.3604122    .0694779
              71  |  -.0251247   .1200693    -0.21   0.834    -.2604563    .2102068
              72  |  -.2451055   .1485428    -1.65   0.099    -.5362441    .0460331
              73  |  -.1660546   .1190777    -1.39   0.163    -.3994425    .0673334
              74  |    -.16475   .1153695    -1.43   0.153    -.3908699      .06137
              75  |  -.1354386   .1214004    -1.12   0.265     -.373379    .1025017
              76  |  -.1373431    .149126    -0.92   0.357    -.4296247    .1549385
              78  |  -.1431388   .1122466    -1.28   0.202     -.363138    .0768604
              80  |  -.0571321   .2004872    -0.28   0.776    -.4500797    .3358155
              81  |  -.1312856   .1071765    -1.22   0.221    -.3413478    .0787765
              82  |  -.1311691   .1138485    -1.15   0.249     -.354308    .0919699
              86  |  -.1588235   .1192589    -1.33   0.183    -.3925666    .0749196
              92  |  -.2569709   .1393995    -1.84   0.065    -.5301889    .0162471
              93  |  -.1121922   .1091292    -1.03   0.304    -.3260815     .101697
                  |
             year |
            1976  |  -.0726997   .0946497    -0.77   0.442    -.2582098    .1128103
            1977  |  -.0863076   .1021302    -0.85   0.398    -.2864791    .1138638
            1978  |  -.0122052   .0936662    -0.13   0.896    -.1957875    .1713772
            1979  |   .0133161   .0943336     0.14   0.888    -.1715744    .1982066
            1980  |  -.2618694   .0936392    -2.80   0.005    -.4453989     -.07834
            1981  |  -.2015193   .0925241    -2.18   0.029    -.3828631   -.0201754
            1982  |  -.1620845   .0963468    -1.68   0.093    -.3509208    .0267517
            1983  |  -.2054479   .0917119    -2.24   0.025    -.3851999   -.0256959
            1984  |   -.157656   .0913451    -1.73   0.084    -.3366891     .021377
            1985  |  -.1939108   .0878118    -2.21   0.027    -.3660188   -.0218028
            1986  |  -.0007189   .0891439    -0.01   0.994    -.1754376    .1739999
            1987  |  -.0025787   .0850069    -0.03   0.976    -.1691892    .1640317
            1988  |   .0112349    .082077     0.14   0.891    -.1496331    .1721029
            1989  |  -.0206807   .0833146    -0.25   0.804    -.1839743     .142613
            1990  |  -.0059026   .0813914    -0.07   0.942    -.1654268    .1536215
            1991  |   -.159692   .0811228    -1.97   0.049    -.3186898   -.0006941
            1992  |  -.1367686   .0831474    -1.64   0.100    -.2997345    .0261973
            1993  |   .0160047   .0832151     0.19   0.847    -.1470938    .1791032
            1994  |  -.1695879   .1003205    -1.69   0.091    -.3662125    .0270367
            1995  |  -.0518722   .0986531    -0.53   0.599    -.2452288    .1414844
            1996  |  -.0836116   .0974146    -0.86   0.391    -.2745408    .1073175
            1997  |   -.121317   .0954029    -1.27   0.204    -.3083032    .0656692
            1998  |  -.2147764   .0847469    -2.53   0.011    -.3808773   -.0486755
            1999  |  -.1873072   .0930552    -2.01   0.044     -.369692   -.0049224
            2000  |  -.0554047   .0963263    -0.58   0.565    -.2442007    .1333913
            2001  |  -.1750532    .095912    -1.83   0.068    -.3630373    .0129308
            2002  |  -.1686622   .0951786    -1.77   0.076    -.3552089    .0178844
            2003  |  -.0552768   .0847832    -0.65   0.514    -.2214489    .1108952
            2004  |  -.0310524   .0842841    -0.37   0.713    -.1962461    .1341413
            2005  |  -.0091915    .084233    -0.11   0.913    -.1742851    .1559021
            2006  |   .0061019   .0938794     0.06   0.948    -.1778984    .1901022
            2007  |  -.0598438   .0939492    -0.64   0.524    -.2439809    .1242932
            2008  |  -.0537547    .096543    -0.56   0.578    -.2429755    .1354662
            2009  |  -.4207074   .0957602    -4.39   0.000     -.608394   -.2330209
            2010  |   .0261531   .1019384     0.26   0.798    -.1736425    .2259488
            2011  |  -.0963398   .0986234    -0.98   0.329    -.2896381    .0969585
            2012  |  -.0834575   .0932537    -0.89   0.371    -.2662314    .0993165
            2013  |  -.1792464   .0954615    -1.88   0.060    -.3663474    .0078546
            2014  |  -.1361828   .1019021    -1.34   0.181    -.3359072    .0635416
            2015  |  -.1642769   .1070862    -1.53   0.125    -.3741621    .0456083
            2016  |  -.1887796   .1111435    -1.70   0.089    -.4066168    .0290576
                  |
            _cons |    4.63409   .1418092    32.68   0.000     4.356149    4.912031
------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
              rho |   .0564622
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est2 stored)

. 
. * (3) IHS
. eststo: xtpcse lngrowthIHS elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv lnchlgrealpcgdpUSIHS  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt lnchcpiIHS i.
> countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)  

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1818
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     251.71
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |            Het-corrected
         lngrowthIHS |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                 elt |  -1.141322   .5069538    -2.25   0.024    -2.134933   -.1477104
        eltlnpolconv |   .3141847   .1332295     2.36   0.018     .0530598    .5753097
           lnpolconv |   .0982426   .1006871     0.98   0.329    -.0991005    .2955856
lnchlgrealpcgdpUSIHS |   .5394289   .4155668     1.30   0.194    -.2750671    1.353925
          regimedum2 |  -.3106301   .2152684    -1.44   0.149    -.7325484    .1112882
          regimedum3 |  -.1515187   .2745196    -0.55   0.581    -.6895673    .3865298
          regimedum4 |   .0726941   .2015673     0.36   0.718    -.3223704    .4677587
         rpt_for_elt |  -.4697283   .2885945    -1.63   0.104    -1.035363    .0959065
          lnchcpiIHS |  -.3460764   .1422961    -2.43   0.015    -.6249717   -.0671811
                     |
           countryid |
                  5  |   .6078065    .530342     1.15   0.252    -.4316447    1.647258
                  9  |   1.393835   .8073236     1.73   0.084    -.1884899     2.97616
                 10  |   .0972669   .5905607     0.16   0.869    -1.060211    1.254745
                 11  |   .3415561    .529838     0.64   0.519    -.6969072    1.380019
                 12  |  -.1510473   .5615822    -0.27   0.788    -1.251728    .9496336
                 13  |  -1.748045   .7949529    -2.20   0.028    -3.306123   -.1899656
                 15  |     .70491   .8740138     0.81   0.420    -1.008126    2.417946
                 21  |  -.4015271    .717734    -0.56   0.576     -1.80826    1.005206
                 24  |    .227745   1.134376     0.20   0.841     -1.99559     2.45108
                 25  |  -.5056497   .6433291    -0.79   0.432    -1.766552    .7552523
                 26  |   1.194757   .8399617     1.42   0.155    -.4515378    2.841052
                 27  |  -.2382161     .54815    -0.43   0.664     -1.31257    .8361381
                 29  |  -.7100528   .6959837    -1.02   0.308    -2.074156    .6540501
                 30  |   .4310437   .6590387     0.65   0.513    -.8606484    1.722736
                 32  |  -.0259578     .53322    -0.05   0.961     -1.07105    1.019134
                 36  |  -.2843286   .7505624    -0.38   0.705    -1.755404    1.186747
                 37  |   .6287532   .7215402     0.87   0.384    -.7854397    2.042946
                 38  |   .9635596   .6876201     1.40   0.161    -.3841512     2.31127
                 39  |  -.2773014   .5371444    -0.52   0.606    -1.330085    .7754823
                 41  |   .3907809   .7460285     0.52   0.600    -1.071408     1.85297
                 42  |  -.1226597   .6641143    -0.18   0.853      -1.4243    1.178981
                 43  |  -.3334499   .8259993    -0.40   0.686    -1.952379    1.285479
                 44  |   .2265573   .5324957     0.43   0.670    -.8171151     1.27023
                 45  |  -.0891893   .5140343    -0.17   0.862    -1.096678    .9182995
                 46  |  -.7597507   .8114959    -0.94   0.349    -2.350253     .830752
                 49  |   .1741863    .931807     0.19   0.852    -1.652122    2.000494
                 51  |   .9149743   .7285144     1.26   0.209    -.5128877    2.342836
                 52  |   .0262447   .9442479     0.03   0.978    -1.824447    1.876937
                 53  |   -.351008   .7909655    -0.44   0.657    -1.901272    1.199256
                 54  |   .1772126   .5978913     0.30   0.767    -.9946327    1.349058
                 55  |   .3025047   .7043965     0.43   0.668    -1.078087    1.683096
                 56  |   .2142144   .5857871     0.37   0.715    -.9339073    1.362336
                 57  |  -.4708558   .6594778    -0.71   0.475    -1.763409    .8216969
                 59  |  -.7432282   .5438714    -1.37   0.172    -1.809197    .3227403
                 60  |   -.610663   .7709252    -0.79   0.428    -2.121649    .9003226
                 61  |    .463178   .7323226     0.63   0.527     -.972148    1.898504
                 63  |   1.730036   1.031076     1.68   0.093     -.290837    3.750908
                 64  |  -.0037368   .8004782    -0.00   0.996    -1.572645    1.565172
                 65  |   .1322085   .5781839     0.23   0.819    -1.001011    1.265428
                 66  |   .3358897   .6304742     0.53   0.594     -.899817    1.571596
                 67  |   .3692615   .6199119     0.60   0.551    -.8457435    1.584266
                 68  |  -.4510314   .6748963    -0.67   0.504    -1.773804    .8717409
                 70  |  -.3634883   .5644425    -0.64   0.520    -1.469775    .7427986
                 71  |   .9438443   .5519965     1.71   0.087    -.1380489    2.025737
                 72  |  -.4086016    .788857    -0.52   0.604    -1.954733     1.13753
                 73  |  -.2473229   .5437255    -0.45   0.649    -1.313005    .8183596
                 74  |   .2389684   .5561353     0.43   0.667    -.8510367    1.328973
                 75  |   .0665849   .5803486     0.11   0.909    -1.070878    1.204047
                 76  |  -.3405819    .773561    -0.44   0.660    -1.856734     1.17557
                 78  |   .2756831   .5883554     0.47   0.639    -.8774723    1.428839
                 80  |  -.0266637   .8450528    -0.03   0.975    -1.682937    1.629609
                 81  |  -.4267428   .5078791    -0.84   0.401    -1.422168    .5686821
                 82  |  -.3462522   .5656644    -0.61   0.540    -1.454934    .7624296
                 86  |     .07106   .5265979     0.13   0.893    -.9610529    1.103173
                 92  |  -.0808165    .590193    -0.14   0.891    -1.237574    1.075941
                 93  |  -.2795539   .5442759    -0.51   0.608    -1.346315    .7872073
                     |
                year |
               1976  |  -.2112367   .7228932    -0.29   0.770    -1.628081    1.205608
               1977  |  -.0580013   .8029205    -0.07   0.942    -1.631697    1.515694
               1978  |   .5727976   .7204426     0.80   0.427     -.839244    1.984839
               1979  |   .8520578   .7265718     1.17   0.241    -.5719967    2.276112
               1980  |  -.4358552   .6881657    -0.63   0.526    -1.784635    .9129247
               1981  |  -.8377091   .6839792    -1.22   0.221    -2.178284    .5028656
               1982  |  -.7764709   .6759546    -1.15   0.251    -2.101318    .5483759
               1983  |  -.9421357    .663359    -1.42   0.156    -2.242295     .358024
               1984  |  -.5069298   .6581247    -0.77   0.441     -1.79683    .7829709
               1985  |  -.9721843   .6464065    -1.50   0.133    -2.239118    .2947492
               1986  |    .139942   .6370742     0.22   0.826      -1.1087    1.388584
               1987  |   .5950251   .6274015     0.95   0.343    -.6346593    1.824709
               1988  |   .6584665     .61309     1.07   0.283    -.5431679    1.860101
               1989  |   .2393415   .6183488     0.39   0.699       -.9726    1.451283
               1990  |   .2014049   .6060413     0.33   0.740    -.9864141    1.389224
               1991  |  -.6046777   .6013875    -1.01   0.315    -1.783376    .5740202
               1992  |  -.4325216   .5985378    -0.72   0.470    -1.605634    .7405909
               1993  |   .3453777   .5936022     0.58   0.561    -.8180613    1.508817
               1994  |  -.0097799   .5991632    -0.02   0.987    -1.184118    1.164558
               1995  |  -.1336972   .5956895    -0.22   0.822    -1.301227    1.033833
               1996  |   -.847271   .5897197    -1.44   0.151      -2.0031    .3085583
               1997  |  -.3567715   .5924351    -0.60   0.547    -1.517923      .80438
               1998  |  -.7319462   .5962446    -1.23   0.220    -1.900564    .4366717
               1999  |  -1.180597   .5976618    -1.98   0.048    -2.351993   -.0092013
               2000  |   -.320854   .5956847    -0.54   0.590    -1.488375    .8466667
               2001  |  -.8449922   .5922534    -1.43   0.154    -2.005788    .3158031
               2002  |  -1.108968   .5946152    -1.87   0.062    -2.274392    .0564569
               2003  |  -.2109352    .591769    -0.36   0.722    -1.370781    .9489106
               2004  |   .3900777   .5859442     0.67   0.506    -.7583519    1.538507
               2005  |    .053622   .5855804     0.09   0.927    -1.094094    1.201338
               2006  |   .5165042   .5868711     0.88   0.379    -.6337421     1.66675
               2007  |  -.1426376   .5874934    -0.24   0.808    -1.294103    1.008828
               2008  |  -.3049459   .5754538    -0.53   0.596    -1.432815    .8229228
               2009  |  -1.871901   .5770141    -3.24   0.001    -3.002828   -.7409744
               2010  |  -.1799478   .5931401    -0.30   0.762    -1.342481    .9825854
               2011  |  -.4290812   .5813354    -0.74   0.460    -1.568478    .7103153
               2012  |  -.5975762   .5809821    -1.03   0.304     -1.73628    .5411278
               2013  |  -1.253077   .5901701    -2.12   0.034     -2.40979   -.0963653
               2014  |   -.971243   .5943791    -1.63   0.102    -2.136205    .1937186
               2015  |  -1.024239   .6006107    -1.71   0.088    -2.201415     .152936
               2016  |  -1.054848   .6095903    -1.73   0.084    -2.249623    .1399274
                     |
               _cons |   2.270002   .8159814     2.78   0.005      .670708    3.869296
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                 rho |   .1011516
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est3 stored)

. 
. * (4) IHS
. eststo: xtpcse lngrowthIHS elt eltpolconv polconv  lnchlgrealpcgdpUSIHS  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt lnchcpiIHS i.cou
> ntryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)  

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1761
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     244.16
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |            Het-corrected
         lngrowthIHS |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                 elt |  -.5526112   .2673722    -2.07   0.039    -1.076651   -.0285713
          eltpolconv |   1.149258   .5011871     2.29   0.022     .1669493    2.131567
             polconv |   .0940576   .3733334     0.25   0.801    -.6376624    .8257775
lnchlgrealpcgdpUSIHS |   .5554201    .416935     1.33   0.183    -.2617575    1.372598
          regimedum2 |  -.2948813   .2162828    -1.36   0.173    -.7187877    .1290252
          regimedum3 |  -.1164376   .2751612    -0.42   0.672    -.6557436    .4228684
          regimedum4 |    .091324   .2027865     0.45   0.652    -.3061301    .4887782
         rpt_for_elt |   -.455821   .2899074    -1.57   0.116    -1.024029    .1123872
          lnchcpiIHS |  -.3232109   .1432807    -2.26   0.024     -.604036   -.0423858
                     |
           countryid |
                  5  |   .6393892   .5323283     1.20   0.230    -.4039551    1.682733
                  9  |   1.003814   .7696074     1.30   0.192    -.5045891    2.512216
                 10  |   .1195159   .5925378     0.20   0.840    -1.041837    1.280869
                 11  |   .3654097    .533418     0.69   0.493    -.6800703     1.41089
                 12  |  -.1506942   .5709699    -0.26   0.792    -1.269775    .9683862
                 13  |  -1.698119   .8012468    -2.12   0.034    -3.268534   -.1277039
                 15  |   .7201553   .8815075     0.82   0.414    -1.007568    2.447878
                 21  |  -.3291901   .7222738    -0.46   0.649    -1.744821    1.086441
                 24  |   .0909051   1.077575     0.08   0.933    -2.021104    2.202914
                 25  |  -.4731941   .6531653    -0.72   0.469    -1.753374    .8069863
                 26  |    1.08807   .8915135     1.22   0.222    -.6592642    2.835404
                 27  |  -.3071182   .5596279    -0.55   0.583    -1.403969    .7897323
                 29  |  -.6410391   .6904785    -0.93   0.353    -1.994352    .7122739
                 30  |   .3848061   .6678538     0.58   0.564    -.9241633    1.693775
                 32  |  -.0092213   .5381054    -0.02   0.986    -1.063889    1.045446
                 36  |  -.2630077   .7470605    -0.35   0.725    -1.727219    1.201204
                 37  |   .6185409   .7245535     0.85   0.393    -.8015578     2.03864
                 38  |   .9590304   .6963354     1.38   0.168    -.4057619    2.323823
                 39  |  -.2392315   .5381195    -0.44   0.657    -1.293926    .8154633
                 41  |    .294064   .7522012     0.39   0.696    -1.180223    1.768351
                 42  |  -.1154216   .6676331    -0.17   0.863    -1.423958    1.193115
                 43  |  -.5016439   .7678317    -0.65   0.514    -2.006566    1.003279
                 44  |   .2317079   .5370529     0.43   0.666    -.8208965    1.284312
                 45  |  -.0611964    .520779    -0.12   0.906    -1.081904    .9595116
                 46  |  -.7070958   .8299692    -0.85   0.394    -2.333805    .9196139
                 49  |   .2056727   .9200606     0.22   0.823    -1.597613    2.008958
                 51  |   .9034729    .734041     1.23   0.218    -.5352212    2.342167
                 52  |   .0444357   .9517318     0.05   0.963    -1.820924    1.909796
                 53  |  -.4085855   .7888724    -0.52   0.605    -1.954747    1.137576
                 54  |   .1947592   .6001128     0.32   0.746    -.9814403    1.370959
                 55  |   .2842734   .7024194     0.40   0.686    -1.092443     1.66099
                 56  |   .2512215   .5954698     0.42   0.673    -.9158779    1.418321
                 57  |  -.4702365   .6574662    -0.72   0.474    -1.758846    .8183735
                 59  |  -.7098146   .5563198    -1.28   0.202    -1.800181    .3805523
                 60  |  -.6113013   .7773461    -0.79   0.432    -2.134872    .9122691
                 61  |   .4880187   .7393153     0.66   0.509    -.9610127     1.93705
                 63  |   1.721696   1.022419     1.68   0.092     -.282209    3.725601
                 64  |  -.0048412   .8016038    -0.01   0.995    -1.575956    1.566273
                 65  |   .1193889   .5872568     0.20   0.839    -1.031613    1.270391
                 66  |   .3446628   .6279973     0.55   0.583    -.8861892    1.575515
                 67  |   .3576721   .6249699     0.57   0.567    -.8672464    1.582591
                 68  |  -.4159693   .6798222    -0.61   0.541    -1.748396    .9164579
                 70  |  -.3500396    .567204    -0.62   0.537    -1.461739    .7616598
                 71  |   .9519446   .5576745     1.71   0.088    -.1410772    2.044966
                 72  |  -.3590373   .7975559    -0.45   0.653    -1.922218    1.204143
                 73  |  -.2737009   .5483391    -0.50   0.618    -1.348426     .801024
                 74  |   .2183046   .5572507     0.39   0.695    -.8738867    1.310496
                 75  |   .0720041   .5865199     0.12   0.902    -1.077554    1.221562
                 76  |  -.3822564   .7769607    -0.49   0.623    -1.905071    1.140558
                 78  |   .2540819   .5950521     0.43   0.669    -.9121988    1.420363
                 80  |  -.0199467   .8392784    -0.02   0.981    -1.664902    1.625009
                 81  |  -.4301242   .5134846    -0.84   0.402    -1.436535    .5762872
                 82  |  -.3330358   .5698588    -0.58   0.559    -1.449938    .7838669
                 86  |   .0760469   .5348988     0.14   0.887    -.9723355    1.124429
                 92  |  -.0904055   .6035997    -0.15   0.881    -1.273439    1.092628
                 93  |  -.2595002   .5468183    -0.47   0.635    -1.331244     .812244
                     |
                year |
               1976  |  -.1639999   .7282237    -0.23   0.822    -1.591292    1.263292
               1977  |  -.0548853   .8081572    -0.07   0.946    -1.638844    1.529074
               1978  |   .5681847   .7258548     0.78   0.434    -.8544645    1.990834
               1979  |   .7880859   .7279528     1.08   0.279    -.6386753    2.214847
               1980  |  -.4880377   .6910257    -0.71   0.480    -1.842423    .8663478
               1981  |  -.9373128   .6877385    -1.36   0.173    -2.285255    .4106298
               1982  |  -.7726056   .6798504    -1.14   0.256    -2.105088    .5598766
               1983  |  -.9571217   .6676491    -1.43   0.152     -2.26569    .3514465
               1984  |  -.5034339     .66225    -0.76   0.447     -1.80142    .7945523
               1985  |  -.9711072   .6501481    -1.49   0.135    -2.245374    .3031597
               1986  |   .1208083    .639825     0.19   0.850    -1.133226    1.374842
               1987  |   .5739749   .6310432     0.91   0.363    -.6628469    1.810797
               1988  |   .6311043     .61626     1.02   0.306    -.5767431    1.838952
               1989  |    .235462   .6218265     0.38   0.705    -.9832956     1.45422
               1990  |    .149629   .6096021     0.25   0.806    -1.045169    1.344427
               1991  |  -.6573666   .6051379    -1.09   0.277    -1.843415    .5286819
               1992  |  -.5534617   .6011197    -0.92   0.357    -1.731635    .6247112
               1993  |   .3250658   .5974934     0.54   0.586    -.8459997    1.496131
               1994  |  -.0409025   .6039892    -0.07   0.946      -1.2247    1.142895
               1995  |  -.1200689   .6012208    -0.20   0.842     -1.29844    1.058302
               1996  |  -.8362669   .5954029    -1.40   0.160    -2.003235    .3307014
               1997  |  -.3336207   .5974894    -0.56   0.577    -1.504678    .8374371
               1998  |  -.7075808   .6005938    -1.18   0.239    -1.884723    .4695614
               1999  |   -1.20149   .6019864    -2.00   0.046    -2.381361   -.0216179
               2000  |  -.3564657   .6008316    -0.59   0.553    -1.534074    .8211426
               2001  |  -.8167062   .5971016    -1.37   0.171    -1.987004    .3535914
               2002  |  -1.093252    .598933    -1.83   0.068    -2.267139    .0806348
               2003  |  -.1786993   .5958956    -0.30   0.764    -1.346633    .9892346
               2004  |   .4084808   .5901097     0.69   0.489     -.748113    1.565075
               2005  |   .0764657   .5898241     0.13   0.897    -1.079568      1.2325
               2006  |   .5454911    .590564     0.92   0.356     -.611993    1.702975
               2007  |  -.1156094   .5913782    -0.20   0.845    -1.274689    1.043471
               2008  |  -.2769614    .579204    -0.48   0.633     -1.41218    .8582575
               2009  |  -1.838031    .580797    -3.16   0.002    -2.976372   -.6996895
               2010  |  -.1563983   .5969722    -0.26   0.793    -1.326442    1.013646
               2011  |  -.3994443    .585382    -0.68   0.495    -1.546772    .7478834
               2012  |  -.5713046   .5850428    -0.98   0.329    -1.717967    .5753583
               2013  |  -1.218892   .5943756    -2.05   0.040    -2.383846   -.0539371
               2014  |   -.930226   .5987383    -1.55   0.120    -2.103732    .2432796
               2015  |  -.9908582   .6049046    -1.64   0.101     -2.17645    .1947331
               2016  |  -1.044625   .6133817    -1.70   0.089    -2.246831    .1575815
                     |
               _cons |   2.562374    .757481     3.38   0.001     1.077738    4.047009
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                 rho |   .0991766
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est4 stored)

. 
. * Prepare first regression with outliers removed
. reg chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.
> countryid i.year if main_sample==1

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     1,069
-------------+----------------------------------   F(106, 962)     =      1.91
       Model |  195863.891       106  1847.77256   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  932421.495       962  969.253113   R-squared       =    0.1736
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.0825
       Total |  1128285.39     1,068  1056.44699   Root MSE        =    31.133

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -22.21091    10.2671    -2.16   0.031    -42.35941   -2.062415
         eltlnpolconv |   5.533864   2.723281     2.03   0.042     .1896076    10.87812
            lnpolconv |   .0600028   1.984337     0.03   0.976    -3.834125    3.954131
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   8.549256   8.722619     0.98   0.327      -8.5683    25.66681
           regimedum2 |  -1.549136   4.200767    -0.37   0.712     -9.79286    6.694588
           regimedum3 |   2.241741   5.195422     0.43   0.666    -7.953927    12.43741
           regimedum4 |   .0792647   3.852019     0.02   0.984    -7.480066    7.638595
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.123133   6.240852    -1.46   0.144    -21.37039    3.124122
          chcpi_w005e |   -.724663   .6992714    -1.04   0.300    -2.096936    .6476103
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -20.36461   9.885577    -2.06   0.040     -39.7644     -.96483
                   9  |  -9.091013   14.28898    -0.64   0.525    -37.13218    18.95016
                  10  |  -21.82618   8.964858    -2.43   0.015    -39.41912   -4.233251
                  11  |  -19.06448   8.474459    -2.25   0.025    -35.69503   -2.433918
                  12  |  -25.30464   9.346247    -2.71   0.007    -43.64602   -6.963253
                  13  |  -55.20149   15.20551    -3.63   0.000    -85.04128   -25.36171
                  15  |  -8.254346    13.4973    -0.61   0.541    -34.74189     18.2332
                  21  |  -28.98339   12.46222    -2.33   0.020    -53.43966   -4.527127
                  24  |  -25.19986   15.94975    -1.58   0.114    -56.50018    6.100466
                  25  |  -27.57279   11.00934    -2.50   0.012    -49.17788   -5.967696
                  26  |  -1.235664   14.03973    -0.09   0.930    -28.78769    26.31636
                  27  |  -24.89867   10.11675    -2.46   0.014    -44.75211   -5.045231
                  29  |  -27.90597   12.46594    -2.24   0.025    -52.36955   -3.442385
                  30  |  -16.85521   13.11407    -1.29   0.199    -42.59069     8.88027
                  32  |  -25.87714   9.249019    -2.80   0.005    -44.02772   -7.726555
                  36  |  -17.53979   13.10196    -1.34   0.181    -43.25151    8.171929
                  37  |  -4.117428   10.10245    -0.41   0.684     -23.9428    15.70795
                  38  |  -9.252826   12.01055    -0.77   0.441    -32.82272    14.31707
                  39  |  -25.77744   8.986904    -2.87   0.004    -43.41363   -8.141237
                  41  |  -5.105717   10.35473    -0.49   0.622    -25.42619    15.21476
                  42  |   -15.4691    9.60003    -1.61   0.107    -34.30852    3.370316
                  43  |  -22.76026   13.37143    -1.70   0.089    -49.00079    3.480268
                  44  |  -22.11659   8.587859    -2.58   0.010    -38.96969   -5.263494
                  45  |  -23.82813   8.513896    -2.80   0.005    -40.53608   -7.120184
                  46  |  -30.47528    13.8549    -2.20   0.028    -57.66458   -3.285975
                  49  |  -10.01395   17.54978    -0.57   0.568    -44.45422    24.42632
                  51  |  -5.148968   13.37035    -0.39   0.700    -31.38739    21.08945
                  52  |  -19.34842   13.18149    -1.47   0.142    -45.21621    6.519371
                  53  |   -21.2864   12.07879    -1.76   0.078    -44.99021    2.417407
                  54  |  -19.34716    9.60546    -2.01   0.044    -38.19723   -.4970877
                  55  |  -8.308164   9.422091    -0.88   0.378    -26.79839    10.18206
                  56  |  -21.97956   9.873252    -2.23   0.026    -41.35516   -2.603965
                  57  |  -22.85719   13.37737    -1.71   0.088    -49.10938    3.395012
                  59  |  -27.32785   8.896524    -3.07   0.002    -44.78669   -9.869019
                  60  |  -22.38974   12.62564    -1.77   0.076    -47.16671    2.387241
                  61  |  -16.16986   11.94499    -1.35   0.176    -39.61111    7.271395
                  63  |   65.24968   12.56774     5.19   0.000     40.58632    89.91303
                  64  |  -17.67317   11.80683    -1.50   0.135    -40.84329    5.496945
                  65  |  -19.60662   9.518627    -2.06   0.040    -38.28629   -.9269529
                  66  |  -18.46638   12.11874    -1.52   0.128    -42.24859    5.315828
                  67  |  -15.86438   10.06607    -1.58   0.115    -35.61836    3.889603
                  68  |  -22.31592   10.90631    -2.05   0.041    -43.71882   -.9130251
                  70  |  -26.64597   9.638162    -2.76   0.006    -45.56022   -7.731722
                  71  |  -11.59233   9.321593    -1.24   0.214    -29.88533    6.700672
                  72  |  -30.18045   12.04891    -2.50   0.012    -53.82563   -6.535276
                  73  |  -24.13756   8.605402    -2.80   0.005    -41.02509   -7.250037
                  74  |  -25.56198   9.595412    -2.66   0.008    -44.39234   -6.731629
                  75  |  -21.67245   9.943383    -2.18   0.030    -41.18568   -2.159231
                  76  |  -23.09884    13.6086    -1.70   0.090    -49.80481    3.607134
                  78  |   -21.6639   10.21792    -2.12   0.034    -41.71588    -1.61192
                  80  |   1.680256   12.08514     0.14   0.889    -22.03601    25.39653
                  81  |   -25.3765    8.41765    -3.01   0.003    -41.89557   -8.857421
                  82  |  -24.63321   9.103673    -2.71   0.007    -42.49856   -6.767858
                  86  |  -23.93743   9.032802    -2.65   0.008     -41.6637   -6.211158
                  92  |  -30.61844   10.78032    -2.84   0.005     -51.7741   -9.462786
                  93  |  -23.36219   8.688448    -2.69   0.007    -40.41268   -6.311689
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -9.500405    17.3929    -0.55   0.585     -43.6328    24.63199
                1977  |   -9.27416   18.43394    -0.50   0.615    -45.44953    26.90121
                1978  |  -4.292464   16.74491    -0.26   0.798    -37.15322    28.56829
                1979  |   .2393016   16.84702     0.01   0.989    -32.82184    33.30044
                1980  |  -20.08141   15.87487    -1.26   0.206    -51.23479    11.07196
                1981  |  -19.52465   15.57882    -1.25   0.210    -50.09705    11.04775
                1982  |  -16.77847   15.13015    -1.11   0.268    -46.47038    12.91343
                1983  |  -19.95883   14.88689    -1.34   0.180    -49.17336    9.255699
                1984  |   -15.6599   14.84307    -1.06   0.292    -44.78843    13.46863
                1985  |  -19.69815   14.55386    -1.35   0.176    -48.25913    8.862819
                1986  |  -2.397256   14.44911    -0.17   0.868    -30.75267    25.95816
                1987  |  -3.498891   14.33476    -0.24   0.807     -31.6299    24.63212
                1988  |  -1.960304   13.96159    -0.14   0.888    -29.35898    25.43837
                1989  |  -4.961814   14.08066    -0.35   0.725    -32.59417    22.67054
                1990  |  -1.730438   13.79651    -0.13   0.900    -28.80517     25.3443
                1991  |   -14.6161   13.71913    -1.07   0.287    -41.53897    12.30677
                1992  |  -13.34325   13.63275    -0.98   0.328     -40.0966    13.41011
                1993  |   4.169647   13.49686     0.31   0.757    -22.31704    30.65633
                1994  |  -.3951061   13.50929    -0.03   0.977    -26.90619    26.11598
                1995  |   -4.98982   13.42838    -0.37   0.710    -31.34211    21.36247
                1996  |  -10.87506   13.31532    -0.82   0.414    -37.00547    15.25536
                1997  |  -15.14507   13.27066    -1.14   0.254    -41.18786    10.89771
                1998  |  -19.84849   13.39035    -1.48   0.139    -46.12616    6.429185
                1999  |  -21.47759   13.42193    -1.60   0.110    -47.81722     4.86204
                2000  |   -7.62287   13.37071    -0.57   0.569      -33.862    18.61626
                2001  |  -19.32044   13.27482    -1.46   0.146    -45.37139    6.730506
                2002  |  -16.08574   13.33017    -1.21   0.228    -42.24531    10.07383
                2003  |  -8.582288   13.31856    -0.64   0.519    -34.71908     17.5545
                2004  |  -7.711314   13.29369    -0.58   0.562    -33.79928    18.37665
                2005  |  -4.600308   13.28644    -0.35   0.729    -30.67405    21.47343
                2006  |  -6.633922   13.20963    -0.50   0.616    -32.55694     19.2891
                2007  |  -11.62347   13.18991    -0.88   0.378    -37.50778    14.26084
                2008  |  -10.69765   13.02715    -0.82   0.412    -36.26257    14.86726
                2009  |   -33.8775    13.0441    -2.60   0.010    -59.47567   -8.279339
                2010  |   3.750336   13.22278     0.28   0.777    -22.19848    29.69915
                2011  |  -16.43506   13.09091    -1.26   0.210     -42.1251    9.254976
                2012  |   -12.6801   13.09479    -0.97   0.333    -38.37774    13.01755
                2013  |  -22.87095   13.20529    -1.73   0.084    -48.78543    3.043541
                2014  |  -19.58467   13.24375    -1.48   0.140    -45.57463    6.405299
                2015  |  -22.32424   13.32788    -1.68   0.094    -48.47932    3.830837
                2016  |  -23.53547   13.47844    -1.75   0.081      -49.986    2.915062
                      |
                _cons |    42.0664   15.95119     2.64   0.008     10.76325    73.36955
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. //lvr2plot, mlabel(obs_id) msize(tiny) mlabsize(tiny)
. 
. predict resid, residuals 
(3,213 missing values generated)

. predict leverage, leverage
(3,213 missing values generated)

. gen resid2=resid^2
(3,213 missing values generated)

. egen maxresid2=max(resid2)

. egen minresid2=min(resid2)

. gen nsresid2=(resid2-minresid2)/(maxresid2-minresid2)
(3,213 missing values generated)

. 
. gen excl_hloo1=1 if nsresid2>0.1 & e(sample) & leverage >0.1
(4,272 missing values generated)

. 
. * (5) Outliers removed
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e  elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt ch
> cpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1 &excl_hloo1!=1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  27
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)
(note: estimates of rho outside [-1,1] bounded to be in the range [-1,1])

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,059
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          3
                                                              avg =  18.578947
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1267
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     194.40
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -22.35187   9.480913    -2.36   0.018    -40.93412   -3.769625
         eltlnpolconv |   5.846049   2.452895     2.38   0.017     1.038463    10.65364
            lnpolconv |  -.0034575   1.785265    -0.00   0.998    -3.502513    3.495598
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |  -9.064112   9.813867    -0.92   0.356    -28.29894    10.17071
           regimedum2 |  -1.029351   3.784512    -0.27   0.786    -8.446859    6.388156
           regimedum3 |   1.321091   5.094499     0.26   0.795    -8.663943    11.30612
           regimedum4 |  -.2219334   3.768094    -0.06   0.953    -7.607262    7.163395
          rpt_for_elt |  -3.678033   5.391006    -0.68   0.495    -14.24421    6.888145
          chcpi_w005e |  -1.898305   .3815771    -4.97   0.000    -2.646182   -1.150427
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -14.78599   15.69342    -0.94   0.346    -45.54452    15.97255
                   9  |   -3.76879   17.45985    -0.22   0.829    -37.98946    30.45188
                  10  |  -16.52778   15.80257    -1.05   0.296    -47.50025     14.4447
                  11  |  -13.39969   15.62677    -0.86   0.391     -44.0276    17.22822
                  12  |  -14.72351   15.42464    -0.95   0.340    -44.95524    15.50822
                  13  |  -49.66314   17.34274    -2.86   0.004    -83.65428   -15.67199
                  15  |  -1.758153   22.88128    -0.08   0.939    -46.60463    43.08833
                  21  |  -23.26008   16.12545    -1.44   0.149    -54.86538     8.34521
                  24  |  -21.33562   25.37004    -0.84   0.400    -71.05998    28.38875
                  25  |  -21.14327   15.98151    -1.32   0.186    -52.46646    10.17991
                  26  |   .9577224   18.79208     0.05   0.959    -35.87407    37.78952
                  27  |  -19.56089   15.43083    -1.27   0.205    -49.80475    10.68298
                  29  |  -21.78059   15.86171    -1.37   0.170    -52.86897    9.307797
                  30  |  -10.52703   15.62683    -0.67   0.501    -41.15506      20.101
                  32  |  -20.77286   15.28832    -1.36   0.174    -50.73742     9.19171
                  36  |  -26.08744   17.56093    -1.49   0.137    -60.50623    8.331346
                  37  |   4.360115   22.18556     0.20   0.844    -39.12278    47.84301
                  38  |  -3.725143   18.36811    -0.20   0.839    -39.72597    32.27569
                  39  |  -20.41303   15.34156    -1.33   0.183    -50.48193     9.65588
                  41  |  -.4218965   26.11895    -0.02   0.987    -51.61411    50.77031
                  42  |  -9.547392    18.4293    -0.52   0.604    -45.66816    26.57338
                  43  |  -16.51039   16.40924    -1.01   0.314    -48.67192    15.65114
                  44  |   -17.4604   15.39997    -1.13   0.257    -47.64379    12.72299
                  45  |  -18.15796   15.26485    -1.19   0.234    -48.07651    11.76059
                  46  |  -24.01713    15.9059    -1.51   0.131    -55.19211    7.157857
                  49  |  -5.646357   19.49579    -0.29   0.772    -43.85741    32.56469
                  51  |   .8455233   17.67805     0.05   0.962    -33.80282    35.49386
                  52  |  -13.98789   16.93017    -0.83   0.409     -47.1704    19.19463
                  53  |  -15.58942   16.72639    -0.93   0.351    -48.37255    17.19371
                  54  |  -14.91339   16.44015    -0.91   0.364     -47.1355    17.30871
                  55  |  -2.825165   20.33697    -0.14   0.890     -42.6849    37.03457
                  56  |  -16.41526   16.09324    -1.02   0.308    -47.95742    15.12691
                  57  |  -18.37608   15.75027    -1.17   0.243    -49.24604    12.49388
                  59  |  -21.60072   15.46261    -1.40   0.162    -51.90687    8.705433
                  60  |  -16.07005   16.24866    -0.99   0.323    -47.91683    15.77673
                  61  |  -9.366175    17.1539    -0.55   0.585     -42.9872    24.25485
                  63  |   9.868277   18.49883     0.53   0.594    -26.38876    46.12532
                  64  |  -13.10597   16.96738    -0.77   0.440    -46.36143    20.14949
                  65  |  -13.68707   15.47388    -0.88   0.376    -44.01531    16.64118
                  66  |  -13.24195   15.92681    -0.83   0.406    -44.45793    17.97403
                  67  |  -11.34627   17.38885    -0.65   0.514    -45.42778    22.73525
                  68  |  -17.26903   15.90467    -1.09   0.278    -48.44162    13.90355
                  70  |  -21.17456   15.36067    -1.38   0.168    -51.28092    8.931788
                  71  |  -5.770663   15.93608    -0.36   0.717     -37.0048    25.46348
                  72  |  -24.32875   17.28973    -1.41   0.159      -58.216    9.558503
                  73  |  -21.07734    15.3949    -1.37   0.171    -51.25078      9.0961
                  74  |  -19.20117   15.54747    -1.24   0.217    -49.67365    11.27131
                  75  |  -15.29581   15.85483    -0.96   0.335     -46.3707    15.77908
                  76  |  -17.96187   17.16565    -1.05   0.295    -51.60593    15.68218
                  78  |  -16.86173   15.37652    -1.10   0.273    -46.99915    13.27569
                  80  |  -20.91721   16.30982    -1.28   0.200    -52.88386    11.04944
                  81  |  -20.34959   15.20267    -1.34   0.181    -50.14628    9.447107
                  82  |  -18.39575   15.54411    -1.18   0.237    -48.86166    12.07015
                  86  |  -18.21138   15.53738    -1.17   0.241     -48.6641    12.24133
                  92  |   -22.7271   16.14417    -1.41   0.159    -54.36909     8.91489
                  93  |  -17.46027   15.36982    -1.14   0.256    -47.58457    12.66403
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -12.53955   7.421427    -1.69   0.091    -27.08528    2.006179
                1977  |  -14.16673   8.633178    -1.64   0.101    -31.08745    2.753986
                1978  |  -4.660672   7.633852    -0.61   0.542    -19.62275     10.3014
                1979  |  -3.142173   7.803255    -0.40   0.687    -18.43627    12.15193
                1980  |  -19.89286   7.312973    -2.72   0.007    -34.22603   -5.559699
                1981  |  -19.63811    7.21861    -2.72   0.007    -33.78632   -5.489892
                1982  |  -19.48558   7.406911    -2.63   0.009    -34.00286   -4.968298
                1983  |  -22.45028   7.212624    -3.11   0.002    -36.58676   -8.313795
                1984  |   -17.0914   7.074594    -2.42   0.016    -30.95735   -3.225446
                1985  |  -22.74175   6.966209    -3.26   0.001    -36.39526   -9.088227
                1986  |  -13.54114   7.091664    -1.91   0.056    -27.44055    .3582653
                1987  |  -5.406372   6.687688    -0.81   0.419      -18.514    7.701256
                1988  |  -2.118991    6.45607    -0.33   0.743    -14.77266    10.53467
                1989  |  -5.161208   6.591338    -0.78   0.434    -18.07999    7.757577
                1990  |  -8.042016   6.544112    -1.23   0.219    -20.86824    4.784208
                1991  |  -16.64077   6.559616    -2.54   0.011    -29.49738   -3.784155
                1992  |  -15.94162   6.852513    -2.33   0.020     -29.3723   -2.510943
                1993  |   2.842839   6.867555     0.41   0.679    -10.61732      16.303
                1994  |  -7.300409   7.460294    -0.98   0.328    -21.92232    7.321499
                1995  |  -6.109707   7.614161    -0.80   0.422    -21.03319    8.813774
                1996  |  -12.58336   7.392219    -1.70   0.089    -27.07184    1.905122
                1997  |  -17.73676   7.544888    -2.35   0.019    -32.52446   -2.949047
                1998  |  -23.29771   7.301053    -3.19   0.001    -37.60751   -8.987913
                1999  |  -26.11869   7.693257    -3.40   0.001     -41.1972   -11.04018
                2000  |  -11.95799   7.798519    -1.53   0.125    -27.24281    3.326823
                2001  |  -22.33354   7.683088    -2.91   0.004    -37.39212   -7.274967
                2002  |  -19.38243   7.665492    -2.53   0.011    -34.40652   -4.358341
                2003  |  -11.56536    7.28681    -1.59   0.112    -25.84725     2.71652
                2004  |  -9.050113   7.160625    -1.26   0.206    -23.08468    4.984454
                2005  |  -5.962126   7.168587    -0.83   0.406     -20.0123    8.088047
                2006  |  -7.922129   7.324202    -1.08   0.279     -22.2773    6.433043
                2007  |  -12.25808   7.295176    -1.68   0.093    -26.55636    2.040207
                2008  |  -15.52466   6.910166    -2.25   0.025    -29.06834   -1.980987
                2009  |  -31.04131   6.941442    -4.47   0.000    -44.64629   -17.43633
                2010  |  -11.97109    7.43189    -1.61   0.107    -26.53733    2.595143
                2011  |  -16.00356   7.060737    -2.27   0.023    -29.84236   -2.164774
                2012  |  -16.72079   6.898406    -2.42   0.015    -30.24142   -3.200162
                2013  |  -23.87555   6.967729    -3.43   0.001    -37.53205   -10.21905
                2014  |  -19.51733   7.351729    -2.65   0.008    -33.92645   -5.108203
                2015  |  -21.12454   7.462861    -2.83   0.005    -35.75147   -6.497599
                2016  |  -23.11476   7.773067    -2.97   0.003    -38.34969   -7.879826
                      |
                _cons |   40.32447   17.60285     2.29   0.022     5.823518    74.82543
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .1310022
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est5 stored)

. 
. drop resid

. drop leverage

. drop resid2

. drop maxresid2

. drop minresid2

. drop nsresid2

. 
. * Prepare first regression with outliers removed
. reg chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.count
> ryid i.year if main_sample==1

      Source |       SS           df       MS      Number of obs   =     1,069
-------------+----------------------------------   F(106, 962)     =      1.88
       Model |  193785.695       106  1828.16693   Prob > F        =    0.0000
    Residual |  934499.691       962    971.4134   R-squared       =    0.1718
-------------+----------------------------------   Adj R-squared   =    0.0805
       Total |  1128285.39     1,068  1056.44699   Root MSE        =    31.168

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -12.63474   5.533647    -2.28   0.023    -23.49415   -1.775329
           eltpolconv |    22.0691   10.67056     2.07   0.039     1.128834    43.00937
              polconv |  -5.493471   7.297849    -0.75   0.452    -19.81501    8.828069
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   8.716868   8.740393     1.00   0.319    -8.435568     25.8693
           regimedum2 |  -1.309854    4.20189    -0.31   0.755     -9.55578    6.936073
           regimedum3 |    2.67927   5.192909     0.52   0.606    -7.511467    12.87001
           regimedum4 |   .3363961   3.855003     0.09   0.930    -7.228788    7.901581
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.142196   6.243258    -1.46   0.143    -21.39417     3.10978
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6718303    .700471    -0.96   0.338    -2.046458    .7027971
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -20.28611   9.884213    -2.05   0.040    -39.68321   -.8890004
                   9  |  -12.78236    13.1205    -0.97   0.330    -38.53046    12.96574
                  10  |  -21.54413   8.971694    -2.40   0.017    -39.15047   -3.937779
                  11  |  -18.34857   8.519925    -2.15   0.032    -35.06836    -1.62879
                  12  |  -24.12028   9.534301    -2.53   0.012     -42.8307   -5.409849
                  13  |  -53.48442   15.35941    -3.48   0.001    -83.62624   -23.34261
                  15  |  -6.830468   13.67586    -0.50   0.618    -33.66843    20.00749
                  21  |  -28.05655   12.46308    -2.25   0.025    -52.51452   -3.598588
                  24  |  -26.58759    15.9287    -1.67   0.095     -57.8466    4.671422
                  25  |  -26.17239   11.19175    -2.34   0.020    -48.13545   -4.209334
                  26  |   -2.67324   14.02062    -0.19   0.849    -30.18776    24.84128
                  27  |  -24.73048   10.30553    -2.40   0.017    -44.95439   -4.506577
                  29  |  -27.10623   12.46446    -2.17   0.030    -51.56691   -2.645559
                  30  |  -17.88318   13.15252    -1.36   0.174    -43.69412    7.927767
                  32  |  -25.91197   9.262561    -2.80   0.005    -44.08912   -7.734811
                  36  |  -16.69589   13.17035    -1.27   0.205    -42.54182    9.150031
                  37  |  -4.492417    10.1176    -0.44   0.657    -24.34753    15.36269
                  38  |  -9.667219   12.05057    -0.80   0.423    -33.31565    13.98122
                  39  |  -25.38059   8.989353    -2.82   0.005     -43.0216    -7.73959
                  41  |  -6.539451   10.33066    -0.63   0.527    -26.81268    13.73378
                  42  |  -15.24927   9.613923    -1.59   0.113    -34.11595    3.617405
                  43  |  -24.48178   13.34369    -1.83   0.067    -50.66789    1.704327
                  44  |  -22.28677    8.59959    -2.59   0.010    -39.16289   -5.410651
                  45  |  -22.89193   8.605063    -2.66   0.008    -39.77879   -6.005071
                  46  |  -30.24706    13.8853    -2.18   0.030    -57.49603   -2.998092
                  49  |  -9.771472   17.56273    -0.56   0.578    -44.23716    24.69422
                  51  |  -5.017823   13.39726    -0.37   0.708    -31.30904    21.27339
                  52  |  -17.66948   13.38191    -1.32   0.187    -43.93058    8.591627
                  53  |  -21.96638   12.07746    -1.82   0.069    -45.66758    1.734823
                  54  |  -19.03031    9.61743    -1.98   0.048    -37.90387   -.1567456
                  55  |  -8.243786   9.436015    -0.87   0.383    -26.76133    10.27376
                  56  |  -20.53564   10.04622    -2.04   0.041    -40.25067   -.8205977
                  57  |  -23.10711   13.39082    -1.73   0.085    -49.38571    3.171477
                  59  |    -25.938   9.104243    -2.85   0.004    -43.80446    -8.07153
                  60  |  -21.63028   12.71835    -1.70   0.089     -46.5892    3.328634
                  61  |   -14.9588    12.0678    -1.24   0.215    -38.64105    8.723461
                  63  |   64.78673   12.59563     5.14   0.000     40.06864    89.50481
                  64  |  -16.69919   11.94853    -1.40   0.163    -40.14737       6.749
                  65  |   -19.8081   9.516724    -2.08   0.038    -38.48404    -1.13217
                  66  |  -18.10799   12.13924    -1.49   0.136    -41.93043    5.714451
                  67  |  -15.92133   10.08014    -1.58   0.115    -35.70293    3.860259
                  68  |  -21.78952   10.91513    -2.00   0.046    -43.20972   -.3693125
                  70  |    -26.414   9.651356    -2.74   0.006    -45.35414   -7.473862
                  71  |  -11.90851   9.345116    -1.27   0.203    -30.24767    6.430657
                  72  |  -28.63404   12.19214    -2.35   0.019     -52.5603   -4.707775
                  73  |  -24.47203   8.611577    -2.84   0.005    -41.37167   -7.572384
                  74  |  -25.75239   9.604342    -2.68   0.007    -44.60026   -6.904507
                  75  |  -20.80729   10.03979    -2.07   0.038     -40.5097   -1.104879
                  76  |  -24.06618   13.64505    -1.76   0.078    -50.84367    2.711307
                  78  |  -22.50626   10.25474    -2.19   0.028     -42.6305   -2.382026
                  80  |   1.592088   12.09691     0.13   0.895    -22.14729    25.33146
                  81  |  -25.58531   8.428119    -3.04   0.002    -42.12493   -9.045695
                  82  |  -24.70401   9.112231    -2.71   0.007    -42.58615   -6.821864
                  86  |  -23.51179     9.0874    -2.59   0.010     -41.3452   -5.678372
                  92  |  -29.63542   10.94442    -2.71   0.007    -51.11311   -8.157719
                  93  |  -23.01672   8.693453    -2.65   0.008    -40.07704   -5.956402
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -8.605566   17.41972    -0.49   0.621     -42.7906    25.57947
                1977  |  -9.290865   18.46879    -0.50   0.615    -45.53463     26.9529
                1978  |  -4.486674   16.76457    -0.27   0.789    -37.38602    28.41267
                1979  |  -.4766177   16.82242    -0.03   0.977     -33.4895    32.53626
                1980  |  -20.27581   15.82479    -1.28   0.200    -51.33089    10.77928
                1981  |  -20.96972   15.58862    -1.35   0.179    -51.56135    9.621905
                1982  |  -16.57767   15.14754    -1.09   0.274    -46.30371    13.14837
                1983  |  -20.22613   14.90511    -1.36   0.175    -49.47641    9.024147
                1984  |  -15.55746   14.85861    -1.05   0.295    -44.71649    13.60158
                1985  |  -19.60301   14.56728    -1.35   0.179    -48.19032    8.984308
                1986  |  -2.557392   14.45605    -0.18   0.860    -30.92641    25.81163
                1987  |  -3.882815   14.35466    -0.27   0.787    -32.05287    24.28724
                1988  |  -2.143579   13.96916    -0.15   0.878    -29.55713    25.26997
                1989  |  -5.032216   14.09532    -0.36   0.721    -32.69333     22.6289
                1990  |  -2.498084   13.81049    -0.18   0.856    -29.60025    24.60408
                1991  |  -15.36335   13.72311    -1.12   0.263    -42.29404    11.56733
                1992  |  -14.87863   13.61757    -1.09   0.275     -41.6022    11.84494
                1993  |   4.038822   13.51158     0.30   0.765    -22.47675     30.5544
                1994  |  -.6592584   13.52615    -0.05   0.961    -27.20342     25.8849
                1995  |  -4.483898   13.46369    -0.33   0.739    -30.90548    21.93768
                1996  |  -10.41264   13.35012    -0.78   0.436    -36.61136    15.78607
                1997  |  -14.65786   13.29702    -1.10   0.271    -40.75236    11.43665
                1998  |  -19.37059   13.41375    -1.44   0.149    -45.69418    6.953007
                1999  |  -21.53786   13.44271    -1.60   0.109    -47.91828    4.842555
                2000  |  -8.161185   13.39439    -0.61   0.542    -34.44678    18.12441
                2001  |   -18.9398   13.29088    -1.43   0.154    -45.02225    7.142655
                2002  |  -16.04013   13.34661    -1.20   0.230    -42.23195    10.15168
                2003  |  -8.255847   13.33244    -0.62   0.536    -34.41987    17.90817
                2004  |  -7.619106    13.3091    -0.57   0.567    -33.73732    18.49911
                2005  |  -4.330178   13.30099    -0.33   0.745    -30.43248    21.77213
                2006  |  -6.357678   13.22336    -0.48   0.631    -32.30764    19.59228
                2007  |  -11.35476   13.20463    -0.86   0.390    -37.26796    14.55844
                2008  |  -10.37865   13.04051    -0.80   0.426    -35.96977    15.21247
                2009  |  -33.52341   13.05723    -2.57   0.010    -59.14734   -7.899472
                2010  |   3.823805   13.23824     0.29   0.773    -22.15535    29.80296
                2011  |   -16.1306   13.10452    -1.23   0.219    -41.84733    9.586135
                2012  |  -12.51001   13.10891    -0.95   0.340    -38.23536    13.21535
                2013  |  -22.48895   13.21789    -1.70   0.089    -48.42817    3.450269
                2014  |  -19.14781   13.25683    -1.44   0.149    -45.16346    6.867843
                2015  |   -21.9844   13.34175    -1.65   0.100    -48.16669    4.197887
                2016  |  -23.54602   13.49555    -1.74   0.081    -50.03013    2.938096
                      |
                _cons |   44.41285   14.72608     3.02   0.003      15.5139    73.31181
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. //lvr2plot, mlabel(obs_id) msize(tiny) mlabsize(tiny)
.  
. predict resid, residuals 
(3,213 missing values generated)

. predict leverage, leverage
(3,213 missing values generated)

. gen resid2=resid^2
(3,213 missing values generated)

. egen maxresid2=max(resid2)

. egen minresid2=min(resid2)

. gen nsresid2=(resid2-minresid2)/(maxresid2-minresid2)
(3,213 missing values generated)

. 
. gen excl_hloo2=1 if nsresid2>0.1 & e(sample) & leverage >0.1
(4,272 missing values generated)

. 
. * (6) Outliers removed 
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w0
> 05e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1 &excl_hloo2!=1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  27
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)
(note: estimates of rho outside [-1,1] bounded to be in the range [-1,1])

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,059
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          3
                                                              avg =  18.578947
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1218
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(106)    =     195.24
Estimated coefficients     =       107          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -9.912711   4.646513    -2.13   0.033    -19.01971   -.8057131
           eltpolconv |   18.34471   8.184106     2.24   0.025     2.304156    34.38526
              polconv |  -6.597472   6.212797    -1.06   0.288    -18.77433    5.579386
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |  -8.722998   9.816603    -0.89   0.374    -27.96319    10.51719
           regimedum2 |   -.654731      3.808    -0.17   0.863    -8.118274    6.808812
           regimedum3 |   1.896638   5.101497     0.37   0.710    -8.102111    11.89539
           regimedum4 |   .1907067   3.787957     0.05   0.960    -7.233552    7.614966
          rpt_for_elt |  -3.582748   5.418841    -0.66   0.509    -14.20348    7.037986
          chcpi_w005e |  -1.816064   .3837842    -4.73   0.000    -2.568267   -1.063861
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |   -14.5115   15.66999    -0.93   0.354    -45.22411    16.20111
                   9  |  -7.684001   16.98734    -0.45   0.651    -40.97857    25.61057
                  10  |  -16.03862   15.77453    -1.02   0.309    -46.95614     14.8789
                  11  |  -12.30095   15.62801    -0.79   0.431     -42.9313    18.32939
                  12  |  -12.89534   15.48803    -0.83   0.405    -43.25133    17.46064
                  13  |  -46.77959   17.37126    -2.69   0.007    -80.82662   -12.73255
                  15  |    .411778   22.96015     0.02   0.986    -44.58929    45.41284
                  21  |  -21.98619   16.13129    -1.36   0.173    -53.60294    9.630565
                  24  |   -23.1985   24.75554    -0.94   0.349    -71.71846    25.32146
                  25  |  -18.83064   16.06456    -1.17   0.241     -50.3166    12.65531
                  26  |  -.7909378   19.26265    -0.04   0.967    -38.54504    36.96317
                  27  |  -18.86713   15.43272    -1.22   0.222     -49.1147    11.38044
                  29  |   -20.6876   15.81936    -1.31   0.191    -51.69297    10.31777
                  30  |  -11.99563   15.64062    -0.77   0.443    -42.65067    18.65942
                  32  |  -20.80093   15.28486    -1.36   0.174    -50.75871    9.156854
                  36  |  -24.68297   17.41293    -1.42   0.156    -58.81169    9.445738
                  37  |   3.940165   22.15293     0.18   0.859    -39.47878    47.35911
                  38  |  -4.509162   18.36979    -0.25   0.806    -40.51328    31.49496
                  39  |  -19.89001   15.32333    -1.30   0.194    -49.92319    10.14316
                  41  |  -2.270682   26.29536    -0.09   0.931    -53.80864    49.26728
                  42  |  -9.093063   18.39203    -0.49   0.621    -45.14078    26.95466
                  43  |  -18.75058   15.99662    -1.17   0.241    -50.10339    12.60222
                  44  |  -17.65227   15.39247    -1.15   0.251    -47.82095    12.51642
                  45  |  -16.63259   15.28763    -1.09   0.277     -46.5958    13.33061
                  46  |   -23.8706   16.10213    -1.48   0.138    -55.43021    7.688999
                  49  |  -5.106612   19.37224    -0.26   0.792     -43.0755    32.86227
                  51  |   1.296989   17.57192     0.07   0.941    -33.14334    35.73731
                  52  |  -11.80928   17.02731    -0.69   0.488     -45.1822    21.56364
                  53  |  -16.23413   16.67626    -0.97   0.330      -48.919    16.45074
                  54  |  -14.38905   16.41994    -0.88   0.381    -46.57155    17.79345
                  55  |  -2.639807   20.22741    -0.13   0.896     -42.2848    37.00518
                  56  |  -14.22354   16.19675    -0.88   0.380    -45.96859    17.52152
                  57  |  -18.36965   15.70736    -1.17   0.242    -49.15551    12.41622
                  59  |  -19.36257    15.5598    -1.24   0.213    -49.85922    11.13408
                  60  |   -14.7073   16.28674    -0.90   0.367    -46.62872    17.21412
                  61  |  -7.419212   17.21755    -0.43   0.667    -41.16499    26.32657
                  63  |   9.072238   18.32605     0.50   0.621    -26.84617    44.99064
                  64  |  -11.52069   16.97254    -0.68   0.497    -44.78626    21.74487
                  65  |  -13.87194   15.47559    -0.90   0.370    -44.20354    16.45967
                  66  |  -12.74747    15.8695    -0.80   0.422    -43.85112    18.35618
                  67  |  -11.20499   17.47183    -0.64   0.521    -45.44915    23.03917
                  68  |  -16.51817   15.90894    -1.04   0.299    -47.69911    14.66278
                  70  |  -20.71887   15.35746    -1.35   0.177    -50.81894    9.381209
                  71  |   -6.10744   15.94192    -0.38   0.702    -37.35303    25.13815
                  72  |  -22.02642   17.37924    -1.27   0.205    -56.08911    12.03627
                  73  |  -21.41373   15.38386    -1.39   0.164    -51.56553    8.738074
                  74  |  -19.31885   15.53369    -1.24   0.214    -49.76433    11.12663
                  75  |  -13.92763   15.90061    -0.88   0.381    -45.09225    17.23699
                  76  |  -19.12078   17.18504    -1.11   0.266    -52.80284    14.56128
                  78  |  -17.80895   15.38566    -1.16   0.247    -47.96428    12.34639
                  80  |  -21.03081   16.26128    -1.29   0.196    -52.90234    10.84072
                  81  |   -20.6362   15.19976    -1.36   0.175    -50.42718    9.154775
                  82  |  -18.38522   15.53622    -1.18   0.237    -48.83565    12.06521
                  86  |   -17.3396   15.56018    -1.11   0.265    -47.83699    13.15779
                  92  |  -21.02198     16.253    -1.29   0.196    -52.87727    10.83331
                  93  |  -16.90037   15.35775    -1.10   0.271    -47.00101    13.20027
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -11.80916    7.47878    -1.58   0.114     -26.4673    2.848977
                1977  |  -13.67478   8.660896    -1.58   0.114    -30.64983    3.300259
                1978  |  -4.930503    7.64509    -0.64   0.519     -19.9146     10.0536
                1979  |  -3.761519   7.717365    -0.49   0.626    -18.88728    11.36424
                1980  |   -20.1087   7.231561    -2.78   0.005     -34.2823   -5.935101
                1981  |  -21.19263   7.199998    -2.94   0.003    -35.30437   -7.080896
                1982  |    -19.365   7.408265    -2.61   0.009    -33.88493   -4.845064
                1983  |  -22.61712   7.217604    -3.13   0.002    -36.76336   -8.470872
                1984  |  -16.99589   7.078605    -2.40   0.016     -30.8697   -3.122083
                1985  |  -22.68511   6.969134    -3.26   0.001    -36.34436   -9.025855
                1986  |  -13.65849   7.072515    -1.93   0.053    -27.52036    .2033875
                1987  |  -5.620583   6.690808    -0.84   0.401    -18.73433     7.49316
                1988  |  -2.290494   6.448826    -0.36   0.722    -14.92996    10.34897
                1989  |   -5.25065   6.592952    -0.80   0.426     -18.1726    7.671299
                1990  |  -9.073356   6.535022    -1.39   0.165    -21.88176    3.735051
                1991  |  -17.41279   6.602636    -2.64   0.008    -30.35372   -4.471864
                1992  |  -17.82093   6.891601    -2.59   0.010    -31.32822   -4.313642
                1993  |   2.539317   6.879974     0.37   0.712    -10.94518    16.02382
                1994  |  -7.479857   7.535142    -0.99   0.321    -22.24846     7.28875
                1995  |  -5.275499   7.640959    -0.69   0.490     -20.2515    9.700505
                1996  |  -11.78301   7.442226    -1.58   0.113     -26.3695    2.803485
                1997  |    -16.937   7.578004    -2.24   0.025    -31.78962   -2.084388
                1998  |  -22.60032   7.301614    -3.10   0.002    -36.91122   -8.289421
                1999  |  -26.15325   7.723909    -3.39   0.001    -41.29183   -11.01467
                2000  |  -12.27394    7.81475    -1.57   0.116    -27.59056    3.042694
                2001  |   -21.7461   7.708842    -2.82   0.005    -36.85516   -6.637051
                2002  |  -19.15174   7.685574    -2.49   0.013    -34.21519   -4.088295
                2003  |  -11.10245   7.301324    -1.52   0.128    -25.41278    3.207882
                2004  |  -8.785582   7.168251    -1.23   0.220     -22.8351    5.263931
                2005  |  -5.557941   7.181416    -0.77   0.439    -19.63326    8.517376
                2006  |  -7.481697   7.337267    -1.02   0.308    -21.86248    6.899081
                2007  |  -11.79905   7.313632    -1.61   0.107     -26.1335     2.53541
                2008  |  -15.06425   6.930923    -2.17   0.030    -28.64861   -1.479889
                2009  |  -30.55347    6.95228    -4.39   0.000    -44.17969   -16.92725
                2010  |  -11.68617   7.449367    -1.57   0.117    -26.28666    2.914322
                2011  |  -15.57484    7.08724    -2.20   0.028    -29.46557   -1.684102
                2012  |  -16.39871   6.913993    -2.37   0.018    -29.94988   -2.847529
                2013  |  -23.43436   6.991501    -3.35   0.001    -37.13745    -9.73127
                2014  |  -18.88988   7.382764    -2.56   0.011    -33.35983   -4.419928
                2015  |  -20.64178   7.495086    -2.75   0.006    -35.33188    -5.95168
                2016  |  -22.96821   7.799028    -2.95   0.003    -38.25402   -7.682393
                      |
                _cons |   42.46698   16.63029     2.55   0.011     9.872202    75.06176
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .1281679
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est6 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table S3.rtf", title("Table S3. Alternative Approaches to Outlying Observations") mtitles( "ln(x+min x)" 
>  "ln(x+min x)" "IHS"  "IHS" "Outliers Removed" "Outliers Removed")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep( elt eltlnpolconv eltpol
> conv lnpolconv polconv  ) order( elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltpolconv polconv ) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
(output written to ./working data/Table S3.rtf)

. 
. // Table to output coefficient estimates and standard errors for control variables:
. //esttab using "./working data/Table S3b.rtf", title("Table S3b. Alternative Approaches to Outlying Observations, Control Variables") 
> mtitles( "ln(x+min x)"  "ln(x+min x)" "IHS"  "IHS" "Outliers Removed" "Outliers Removed")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep(c
> hlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e lnchlgrealpcgdpUS  lnchlgrealpcgdpUSIHS regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2  rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e lnchcpi lnchcpi
> IHS) order(chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e lnchlgrealpcgdpUS  lnchlgrealpcgdpUSIHS regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e lnch
> cpi lnchcpiIHS) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> //Supplemental Table S4.  Controlling for Electoral Democracy, Main Variables
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * (1) Free & fair elections
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltlnv2xelfrefair lnv2xelfrefair chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regi
> medum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1636
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(108)    =     197.04
Estimated coefficients     =       109          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -40.48572   15.98454    -2.53   0.011    -71.81483   -9.156601
         eltlnpolconv |   4.926976   2.639367     1.87   0.062    -.2460879    10.10004
            lnpolconv |   .6222176   1.917369     0.32   0.746    -3.135757    4.380193
    eltlnv2xelfrefair |   5.109557   3.225348     1.58   0.113    -1.212009    11.43112
       lnv2xelfrefair |  -1.693627   2.701031    -0.63   0.531    -6.987551    3.600297
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.601509   10.80883     0.61   0.541    -14.58342    27.78644
           regimedum2 |   -1.80562   3.903059    -0.46   0.644    -9.455474    5.844235
           regimedum3 |   1.983712   5.048573     0.39   0.694    -7.911309    11.87873
           regimedum4 |  -.2438607   3.996883    -0.06   0.951    -8.077608    7.589886
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.416011   5.859785    -1.44   0.151    -19.90098    3.068956
          chcpi_w005e |  -.7258898   .4317979    -1.68   0.093    -1.572198    .1204185
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -20.29551   16.45121    -1.23   0.217     -52.5393    11.94827
                   9  |  -6.727559   18.54189    -0.36   0.717    -43.06899    29.61387
                  10  |  -21.30866   16.51617    -1.29   0.197    -53.67975    11.06244
                  11  |  -18.22615   16.49819    -1.10   0.269      -50.562     14.1097
                  12  |  -24.90769   16.18825    -1.54   0.124    -56.63607    6.820688
                  13  |  -55.33529   17.96862    -3.08   0.002    -90.55314   -20.11744
                  15  |  -9.366834   22.31677    -0.42   0.675     -53.1069    34.37323
                  21  |  -28.33058   16.76951    -1.69   0.091    -61.19822    4.537067
                  24  |  -25.75197   25.30929    -1.02   0.309    -75.35727    23.85333
                  25  |  -27.24043    16.6353    -1.64   0.102    -59.84502    5.364165
                  26  |  -1.620078   19.31329    -0.08   0.933    -39.47344    36.23328
                  27  |  -24.47773   16.29084    -1.50   0.133    -56.40718    7.451733
                  29  |  -27.56765   16.46976    -1.67   0.094    -59.84779    4.712491
                  30  |  -15.85693   16.16301    -0.98   0.327    -47.53584    15.82198
                  32  |  -25.51018   16.00726    -1.59   0.111    -56.88384    5.863469
                  36  |  -17.54069   22.12245    -0.79   0.428    -60.89988    25.81851
                  37  |  -2.522744   22.08849    -0.11   0.909    -45.81539     40.7699
                  38  |  -8.675728   18.62696    -0.47   0.641     -45.1839    27.83244
                  39  |  -25.52338   16.09037    -1.59   0.113    -57.05992    6.013159
                  41  |  -5.353439   25.83433    -0.21   0.836     -55.9878    45.28092
                  42  |  -14.99611   18.92965    -0.79   0.428    -52.09754    22.10531
                  43  |  -21.80193   17.39703    -1.25   0.210    -55.89949    12.29563
                  44  |  -21.81901     16.159    -1.35   0.177    -53.49007    9.852053
                  45  |  -23.41032    16.1012    -1.45   0.146    -54.96808    8.147442
                  46  |  -29.88373   16.86067    -1.77   0.076    -62.93004    3.162579
                  49  |  -9.894353   19.64377    -0.50   0.614    -48.39543    28.60672
                  51  |  -4.779663   17.94555    -0.27   0.790    -39.95229    30.39296
                  52  |  -18.81993     18.047    -1.04   0.297     -54.1914    16.55154
                  53  |  -20.71245    17.6689    -1.17   0.241    -55.34287    13.91797
                  54  |   -20.0001   17.00495    -1.18   0.240    -53.32919    13.32899
                  55  |  -7.710835   20.49252    -0.38   0.707    -47.87544    32.45377
                  56  |     -22.48   16.73715    -1.34   0.179     -55.2842    10.32421
                  57  |  -22.49496    16.2774    -1.38   0.167    -54.39808    9.408166
                  59  |  -27.00011   16.34406    -1.65   0.099    -59.03389    5.033659
                  60  |   -21.9384   16.72494    -1.31   0.190    -54.71867    10.84188
                  61  |  -15.91663   17.64373    -0.90   0.367     -50.4977    18.66445
                  63  |   66.44735   49.80134     1.33   0.182    -31.16149    164.0562
                  64  |  -17.53203    17.6712    -0.99   0.321    -52.16694    17.10289
                  65  |  -19.02576   16.29519    -1.17   0.243    -50.96375    12.91224
                  66  |  -18.21325   16.65616    -1.09   0.274    -50.85873    14.43223
                  67  |  -15.13044    17.8339    -0.85   0.396    -50.08424    19.82336
                  68  |  -22.11682    16.8158    -1.32   0.188    -55.07518    10.84154
                  70  |  -26.33381   16.16829    -1.63   0.103    -58.02308     5.35546
                  71  |  -10.73369   16.77812    -0.64   0.522     -43.6182    22.15082
                  72  |  -30.02368    17.8852    -1.68   0.093    -65.07803    5.030669
                  73  |  -23.60725   16.52843    -1.43   0.153    -56.00238    8.787884
                  74  |   -25.2113   16.28643    -1.55   0.122    -57.13212    6.709515
                  75  |  -21.33746   16.56828    -1.29   0.198    -53.81069    11.13576
                  76  |  -22.60781   17.91994    -1.26   0.207    -57.73025    12.51463
                  78  |  -20.75798   16.31789    -1.27   0.203    -52.74045     11.2245
                  80  |   1.628354   33.16416     0.05   0.961    -63.37221    66.62892
                  81  |  -24.66026   15.97302    -1.54   0.123    -55.96681    6.646282
                  82  |  -24.02271   16.29324    -1.47   0.140    -55.95688    7.911458
                  86  |  -24.06956   16.23288    -1.48   0.138    -55.88542    7.746307
                  92  |  -31.02219   16.98706    -1.83   0.068    -64.31622    2.271835
                  93  |  -22.55702    16.2309    -1.39   0.165      -54.369     9.25497
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -6.921007   8.031696    -0.86   0.389    -22.66284    8.820827
                1977  |  -8.918557   8.870539    -1.01   0.315    -26.30449     8.46738
                1978  |  -4.017887    7.70177    -0.52   0.602    -19.11308    11.07731
                1979  |    .303477   8.004559     0.04   0.970    -15.38517    15.99212
                1980  |  -18.16634   7.832974    -2.32   0.020    -33.51869    -2.81399
                1981  |  -18.21265   7.700135    -2.37   0.018    -33.30464   -3.120664
                1982  |  -15.63261    8.36669    -1.87   0.062    -32.03102    .7658036
                1983  |  -19.45062   8.022898    -2.42   0.015    -35.17521   -3.726024
                1984  |  -14.83626   7.903992    -1.88   0.061     -30.3278    .6552748
                1985  |  -19.17251    7.65577    -2.50   0.012    -34.17755   -4.167479
                1986  |  -1.171817   7.775983    -0.15   0.880    -16.41246    14.06883
                1987  |  -2.786001    7.36158    -0.38   0.705    -17.21443    11.64243
                1988  |  -.8692867   7.115804    -0.12   0.903    -14.81601    13.07743
                1989  |  -4.225562   7.225801    -0.58   0.559    -18.38787    9.936748
                1990  |  -.6038332   7.026419    -0.09   0.932    -14.37536     13.1677
                1991  |  -13.82018   6.985289    -1.98   0.048     -27.5111   -.1292678
                1992  |  -12.38348   7.277373    -1.70   0.089    -26.64687    1.879911
                1993  |   5.191869   7.341708     0.71   0.479    -9.197615    19.58135
                1994  |   .5514525   8.220777     0.07   0.947    -15.56097    16.66388
                1995  |  -3.414253   8.090826    -0.42   0.673    -19.27198    12.44348
                1996  |  -10.11002   7.884265    -1.28   0.200    -25.56289    5.342861
                1997  |  -14.62156   8.082793    -1.81   0.070    -30.46354    1.220425
                1998  |  -19.32476   7.895823    -2.45   0.014    -34.80028   -3.849226
                1999  |  -20.69929   8.259505    -2.51   0.012    -36.88762   -4.510961
                2000  |   -6.93608   8.320587    -0.83   0.405    -23.24413     9.37197
                2001  |  -18.57555   8.165542    -2.27   0.023    -34.57972   -2.571382
                2002  |  -15.25594   8.159514    -1.87   0.062     -31.2483    .7364078
                2003  |  -7.619566   7.799037    -0.98   0.329     -22.9054    7.666266
                2004  |  -6.803445   7.693111    -0.88   0.377    -21.88166    8.274775
                2005  |  -3.650467   7.596022    -0.48   0.631     -18.5384    11.23746
                2006  |  -5.953282   7.605423    -0.78   0.434    -20.85964    8.953073
                2007  |  -9.745592   7.925631    -1.23   0.219    -25.27954    5.788359
                2008  |  -9.650475   8.069701    -1.20   0.232     -25.4668    6.165848
                2009  |   -32.6692   8.047046    -4.06   0.000    -48.44112   -16.89728
                2010  |   4.669447   8.611228     0.54   0.588    -12.20825    21.54714
                2011  |  -15.73616   8.212631    -1.92   0.055    -31.83262    .3603046
                2012  |  -11.62981    8.17583    -1.42   0.155    -27.65415    4.394517
                2013  |  -22.37109   8.580177    -2.61   0.009    -39.18793    -5.55425
                2014  |  -19.00269   8.754231    -2.17   0.030    -36.16066   -1.844709
                2015  |  -21.73493   8.985898    -2.42   0.016    -39.34697   -4.122899
                2016  |  -22.86234   9.218958    -2.48   0.013    -40.93117   -4.793519
                      |
                _cons |    45.8831    19.6657     2.33   0.020     7.339038    84.42716
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0873944
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) ML Democracy
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltlncmldi lncmldi chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimed
> um4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1629
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(108)    =     195.05
Estimated coefficients     =       109          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   -38.9824   21.34118    -1.83   0.068    -80.81034    2.845546
         eltlnpolconv |   4.860655   2.615773     1.86   0.063    -.2661658    9.987475
            lnpolconv |   .4652826   1.951195     0.24   0.812     -3.35899    4.289555
           eltlncmldi |   4.429694   4.638623     0.95   0.340     -4.66184    13.52123
              lncmldi |   .0569148   2.828961     0.02   0.984    -5.487747    5.601577
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.171721    10.7933     0.57   0.567    -14.98275    27.32619
           regimedum2 |   -1.62061   3.912704    -0.41   0.679    -9.289368    6.048149
           regimedum3 |    1.89742   5.128107     0.37   0.711    -8.153485    11.94833
           regimedum4 |   -.482411   4.065125    -0.12   0.906    -8.449909    7.485087
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.400914   5.870407    -1.43   0.152     -19.9067    3.104872
          chcpi_w005e |  -.7444473    .437421    -1.70   0.089    -1.601777    .1128822
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -19.89313   16.46751    -1.21   0.227    -52.16886     12.3826
                   9  |  -7.795765   18.23934    -0.43   0.669    -43.54422    27.95269
                  10  |  -21.57544   16.47068    -1.31   0.190    -53.85738    10.70651
                  11  |  -18.82518   16.31578    -1.15   0.249    -50.80351    13.15315
                  12  |  -25.16415   16.13612    -1.56   0.119    -56.79038    6.462066
                  13  |  -55.61175   17.91579    -3.10   0.002    -90.72606   -20.49744
                  15  |  -8.144884   22.56197    -0.36   0.718    -52.36552    36.07576
                  21  |  -28.00715   16.77996    -1.67   0.095    -60.89527    4.880974
                  24  |  -25.51013   25.15455    -1.01   0.311    -74.81214    23.79188
                  25  |  -27.85281   16.48302    -1.69   0.091    -60.15894    4.453312
                  26  |  -1.664024   19.34995    -0.09   0.931    -39.58924    36.26119
                  27  |  -24.83258   16.21419    -1.53   0.126    -56.61181    6.946659
                  29  |  -28.05027   16.48556    -1.70   0.089    -60.36138    4.260845
                  30  |  -16.04928    16.1388    -0.99   0.320    -47.68074    15.58219
                  32  |   -25.7704   16.01407    -1.61   0.108     -57.1574    5.616597
                  36  |  -17.36305   22.30528    -0.78   0.436    -61.08061     26.3545
                  37  |  -2.377843   22.17295    -0.11   0.915    -45.83603    41.08034
                  38  |  -9.217206   18.65005    -0.49   0.621    -45.77063    27.33622
                  39  |   -25.4676   16.07555    -1.58   0.113    -56.97511    6.039902
                  41  |  -4.553481   25.97648    -0.18   0.861    -55.46644    46.35948
                  42  |  -15.03502   18.93465    -0.79   0.427    -52.14626    22.07622
                  43  |  -21.85768   17.27897    -1.26   0.206    -55.72384    12.00848
                  44  |  -21.76676   16.12056    -1.35   0.177    -53.36247     9.82895
                  45  |  -23.64358   16.03496    -1.47   0.140    -55.07152    7.784354
                  46  |  -29.93892   16.84537    -1.78   0.076    -62.95523    3.077392
                  49  |  -9.808416   19.74882    -0.50   0.619    -48.51538    28.89855
                  51  |  -4.245742   18.02265    -0.24   0.814    -39.56949    31.07801
                  52  |  -18.68648   18.03841    -1.04   0.300    -54.04111    16.66816
                  53  |  -21.05783   17.58143    -1.20   0.231    -55.51681    13.40115
                  54  |  -19.13626   17.01766    -1.12   0.261    -52.49027    14.21774
                  55  |  -7.891073   20.49182    -0.39   0.700    -48.05431    32.27216
                  56  |  -21.61697   16.76032    -1.29   0.197    -54.46659    11.23265
                  57  |  -22.54474   16.23253    -1.39   0.165    -54.35991    9.270428
                  59  |  -27.37117    16.2068    -1.69   0.091    -59.13591    4.393577
                  60  |  -21.86064   16.78708    -1.30   0.193    -54.76272    11.04144
                  61  |  -16.08393    17.5734    -0.92   0.360    -50.52717    18.35931
                  63  |   67.17949    49.9703     1.34   0.179    -30.76049    165.1195
                  64  |  -17.31703   17.74717    -0.98   0.329    -52.10084    17.46678
                  65  |  -18.51307   16.26889    -1.14   0.255    -50.39951    13.37338
                  66  |  -17.63893   16.71406    -1.06   0.291     -50.3979    15.12003
                  67  |  -14.68495   17.79088    -0.83   0.409    -49.55443    20.18453
                  68  |  -22.24419    16.7916    -1.32   0.185    -55.15513    10.66675
                  70  |    -26.159   16.14864    -1.62   0.105    -57.80977    5.491759
                  71  |   -11.3525   16.65419    -0.68   0.495    -43.99411     21.2891
                  72  |  -30.15915   17.89553    -1.69   0.092    -65.23374    4.915449
                  73  |  -23.59639   16.51028    -1.43   0.153    -55.95594    8.763159
                  74  |  -25.17479   16.30425    -1.54   0.123    -57.13052    6.780949
                  75  |  -21.64044   16.52449    -1.31   0.190    -54.02785    10.74696
                  76  |  -23.09937   17.91703    -1.29   0.197     -58.2161    12.01736
                  78  |  -21.18219   16.21897    -1.31   0.192     -52.9708    10.60641
                  80  |   1.942126   33.26804     0.06   0.953    -63.26203    67.14629
                  81  |  -23.98223   16.08878    -1.49   0.136    -55.51566    7.551191
                  82  |  -24.29795   16.27053    -1.49   0.135     -56.1876    7.591714
                  86  |  -24.12154   16.24694    -1.48   0.138    -55.96496    7.721875
                  92  |  -31.07697   17.00312    -1.83   0.068    -64.40248    2.248543
                  93  |  -23.22173   16.07721    -1.44   0.149    -54.73249    8.289022
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -10.04741   7.685375    -1.31   0.191    -25.11047     5.01565
                1977  |  -8.700889   8.910847    -0.98   0.329    -26.16583     8.76405
                1978  |  -4.303109   7.832851    -0.55   0.583    -19.65521      11.049
                1979  |  -.3994936   7.874128    -0.05   0.960     -15.8325    15.03351
                1980  |  -18.80385   7.694056    -2.44   0.015    -33.88392   -3.723778
                1981  |  -19.12013   7.554079    -2.53   0.011    -33.92586   -4.314409
                1982  |  -17.26549   8.213576    -2.10   0.036    -33.36381    -1.16718
                1983  |  -20.53121   7.928337    -2.59   0.010    -36.07046   -4.991954
                1984  |  -15.39883   7.805776    -1.97   0.049    -30.69788   -.0997943
                1985  |  -20.35287   7.516936    -2.71   0.007     -35.0858   -5.619951
                1986  |  -2.203264   7.656703    -0.29   0.774    -17.21013     12.8036
                1987  |   -3.98289   7.198401    -0.55   0.580     -18.0915    10.12572
                1988  |  -2.175895   6.896737    -0.32   0.752    -15.69325    11.34146
                1989  |  -4.993469   7.054972    -0.71   0.479    -18.82096    8.834023
                1990  |  -1.679982   6.852684    -0.25   0.806      -15.111    11.75103
                1991  |  -15.13332     6.7842    -2.23   0.026     -28.4301   -1.836528
                1992  |  -13.78025     7.0318    -1.96   0.050    -27.56233    .0018206
                1993  |   3.751835   7.093368     0.53   0.597    -10.15091    17.65458
                1994  |  -.4587403   8.023465    -0.06   0.954    -16.18444    15.26696
                1995  |  -4.647606   7.880369    -0.59   0.555    -20.09284    10.79763
                1996  |  -11.57868   7.562679    -1.53   0.126    -26.40126    3.243899
                1997  |  -15.82714   7.751126    -2.04   0.041    -31.01907   -.6352163
                1998  |  -20.63985   7.543342    -2.74   0.006    -35.42453   -5.855169
                1999  |  -21.48764   7.942447    -2.71   0.007    -37.05455   -5.920729
                2000  |  -8.503301   8.081543    -1.05   0.293    -24.34283    7.336231
                2001  |  -19.88868   7.913112    -2.51   0.012    -35.39809   -4.379265
                2002  |  -16.67054   7.904236    -2.11   0.035    -32.16256   -1.178526
                2003  |  -9.259162   7.550713    -1.23   0.220    -24.05829    5.539964
                2004  |   -8.17402     7.4902    -1.09   0.275    -22.85454    6.506501
                2005  |  -4.918517     7.4494    -0.66   0.509    -19.51907    9.682039
                2006  |  -7.101094   7.511769    -0.95   0.344    -21.82389    7.621702
                2007  |  -11.44236    7.72963    -1.48   0.139    -26.59215     3.70744
                2008  |  -11.04914   7.904128    -1.40   0.162    -26.54094    4.442667
                2009  |   -33.6401   7.837208    -4.29   0.000    -49.00074   -18.27945
                2010  |   3.150619   8.478687     0.37   0.710     -13.4673    19.76854
                2011  |  -16.97925   8.065905    -2.11   0.035    -32.78813   -1.170364
                2012  |  -13.03232   8.062693    -1.62   0.106    -28.83491    2.770268
                2013  |  -23.83087   8.391044    -2.84   0.005    -40.27702    -7.38473
                2014  |  -20.22058   8.595335    -2.35   0.019    -37.06712   -3.374028
                2015  |  -23.03913   8.731539    -2.64   0.008    -40.15263   -5.925626
                2016  |  -24.40612   9.002498    -2.71   0.007     -42.0507   -6.761553
                      |
                _cons |   40.77182   20.87975     1.95   0.051    -.1517377    81.69537
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0892926
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est2 stored)

. 
. * (3) Free & fair elections
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv eltv2xelfrefair v2xel_frefair chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 
> regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1630
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(108)    =     198.85
Estimated coefficients     =       109          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -21.90224    8.08948    -2.71   0.007    -37.75733   -6.047152
           eltpolconv |   16.68305   9.257992     1.80   0.072    -1.462282    34.82838
              polconv |  -3.132525   6.618378    -0.47   0.636    -16.10431    9.839257
      eltv2xelfrefair |   19.51887   9.047526     2.16   0.031     1.786048     37.2517
        v2xel_frefair |  -11.26503   11.40052    -0.99   0.323    -33.60963    11.07957
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.521159   10.84372     0.60   0.548    -14.73215    27.77447
           regimedum2 |  -1.751104   3.905746    -0.45   0.654    -9.406226    5.904018
           regimedum3 |   2.310063   5.007899     0.46   0.645    -7.505238    12.12536
           regimedum4 |   .2639006   4.032898     0.07   0.948    -7.640435    8.168236
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.352487   5.903837    -1.41   0.157     -19.9238    3.218822
          chcpi_w005e |   -.648437   .4378388    -1.48   0.139    -1.506585    .2097112
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -19.76417   16.54235    -1.19   0.232    -52.18659    12.65824
                   9  |  -8.643454    18.6373    -0.46   0.643     -45.1719    27.88499
                  10  |  -18.41676   17.08481    -1.08   0.281    -51.90237    15.06886
                  11  |  -14.35663   17.44055    -0.82   0.410    -48.53947    19.82621
                  12  |  -21.07783   16.91852    -1.25   0.213    -54.23753    12.08186
                  13  |  -51.88654   18.34643    -2.83   0.005    -87.84488   -15.92821
                  15  |  -8.758256   22.36172    -0.39   0.695    -52.58642    35.06991
                  21  |  -25.40698   17.00822    -1.49   0.135    -58.74247    7.928514
                  24  |  -27.89719   24.91167    -1.12   0.263    -76.72316    20.92878
                  25  |  -22.21252   17.80428    -1.25   0.212    -57.10826    12.68323
                  26  |  -2.455297   19.84093    -0.12   0.902    -41.34281    36.43221
                  27  |  -21.89714    16.9679    -1.29   0.197    -55.15361    11.35933
                  29  |  -25.62466   16.56492    -1.55   0.122    -58.09131    6.841984
                  30  |   -15.0529   16.60945    -0.91   0.365    -47.60681    17.50102
                  32  |  -24.89637   16.11453    -1.54   0.122    -56.48027    6.687532
                  36  |   -15.5146   22.24712    -0.70   0.486    -59.11814    28.08895
                  37  |   -2.53098   22.09411    -0.11   0.909    -45.83464    40.77268
                  38  |  -7.473332   18.83303    -0.40   0.691     -44.3854    29.43874
                  39  |  -24.05841   16.24864    -1.48   0.139    -55.90516    7.788346
                  41  |  -6.573987   25.96492    -0.25   0.800     -57.4643    44.31633
                  42  |  -13.41612   19.08339    -0.70   0.482    -50.81888    23.98664
                  43  |  -24.38763   17.04711    -1.43   0.153    -57.79935    9.024088
                  44  |  -20.90754    16.3595    -1.28   0.201    -52.97158    11.15649
                  45  |  -20.02324   16.69327    -1.20   0.230    -52.74144    12.69496
                  46  |  -28.62977   17.18801    -1.67   0.096    -62.31766    5.058116
                  49  |   -9.64074   19.57081    -0.49   0.622    -47.99882    28.71734
                  51  |  -5.244251   17.88463    -0.29   0.769    -40.29749    29.80898
                  52  |  -17.21181   18.22201    -0.94   0.345     -52.9263    18.50268
                  53  |  -20.21898   17.90429    -1.13   0.259    -55.31074    14.87278
                  54  |  -19.65638   17.05857    -1.15   0.249    -53.09057    13.77781
                  55  |  -7.099646   20.50243    -0.35   0.729    -47.28368    33.08439
                  56  |  -21.95591   16.90423    -1.30   0.194    -55.08759    11.17576
                  57  |  -21.69763   16.42383    -1.32   0.186    -53.88774    10.49249
                  59  |  -22.54625   17.33045    -1.30   0.193     -56.5133     11.4208
                  60  |  -19.74756   16.92314    -1.17   0.243     -52.9163    13.42119
                  61  |  -13.03791   18.02587    -0.72   0.470    -48.36797    22.29214
                  63  |   65.44247   49.51996     1.32   0.186    -31.61488    162.4998
                  64  |  -15.27468   17.83341    -0.86   0.392    -50.22752    19.67816
                  65  |   -19.8898   16.32277    -1.22   0.223    -51.88184    12.10225
                  66  |   -17.8926   16.70226    -1.07   0.284    -50.62843    14.84323
                  67  |  -14.62825   17.99363    -0.81   0.416    -49.89512    20.63862
                  68  |  -20.49621   16.98686    -1.21   0.228    -53.78985    12.79743
                  70  |  -26.80614   16.21684    -1.65   0.098    -58.59057    4.978293
                  71  |  -8.285724   17.54689    -0.47   0.637    -42.67699    26.10554
                  72  |  -27.50915   18.11636    -1.52   0.129    -63.01657    7.998267
                  73  |  -21.56787   17.02258    -1.27   0.205     -54.9315    11.79577
                  74  |   -24.8735   16.36297    -1.52   0.128    -56.94433    7.197336
                  75  |   -18.9521   16.89377    -1.12   0.262    -52.06328    14.15908
                  76  |  -22.77358    18.0449    -1.26   0.207    -58.14093    12.59377
                  78  |  -19.24451   16.87207    -1.14   0.254    -52.31315    13.82414
                  80  |   1.663661   33.11129     0.05   0.960    -63.23328     66.5606
                  81  |  -23.59468   16.15961    -1.46   0.144    -55.26693     8.07757
                  82  |   -22.1918    16.5596    -1.34   0.180    -54.64801    10.26442
                  86  |  -23.11474   16.34037    -1.41   0.157    -55.14127    8.911787
                  92  |  -29.43133   17.14567    -1.72   0.086    -63.03623    4.173566
                  93  |  -18.40656   17.45083    -1.05   0.292    -52.60957    15.79644
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -7.551762   7.877634    -0.96   0.338    -22.99164    7.888118
                1977  |   -9.16359   8.869946    -1.03   0.302    -26.54837    8.221184
                1978  |   -4.00409   7.795563    -0.51   0.608    -19.28311    11.27493
                1979  |   -1.05069   7.888456    -0.13   0.894    -16.51178     14.4104
                1980  |  -18.49308   7.698576    -2.40   0.016    -33.58201   -3.404146
                1981  |  -19.80686   7.617073    -2.60   0.009    -34.73605   -4.877673
                1982  |  -15.41408   8.317024    -1.85   0.064    -31.71515    .8869867
                1983  |  -20.13567   7.998571    -2.52   0.012    -35.81258   -4.458758
                1984  |  -15.04643   7.846099    -1.92   0.055     -30.4245    .3316429
                1985  |  -19.31275   7.591892    -2.54   0.011    -34.19259   -4.432918
                1986  |  -1.229731   7.676676    -0.16   0.873    -16.27574    13.81628
                1987  |  -3.265207   7.290143    -0.45   0.654    -17.55362    11.02321
                1988  |  -1.046295   7.003038    -0.15   0.881      -14.772    12.67941
                1989  |  -4.639992   7.119783    -0.65   0.515    -18.59451    9.314527
                1990  |  -1.468592   6.907536    -0.21   0.832    -15.00711    12.06993
                1991  |  -14.50831   6.923534    -2.10   0.036    -28.07819   -.9384375
                1992  |  -13.66046   7.257997    -1.88   0.060    -27.88587    .5649566
                1993  |   5.451304   7.280956     0.75   0.454    -8.819108    19.72172
                1994  |   .7186999   8.240159     0.09   0.930    -15.43171    16.86911
                1995  |  -2.334305   8.080303    -0.29   0.773    -18.17141     13.5028
                1996  |  -9.035668   7.852418    -1.15   0.250    -24.42613    6.354789
                1997  |   -13.6793   8.064282    -1.70   0.090    -29.48501    2.126398
                1998  |  -18.41639   7.840484    -2.35   0.019    -33.78346   -3.049326
                1999  |  -20.31678   8.240146    -2.47   0.014    -36.46717   -4.166391
                2000  |  -6.906655   8.302461    -0.83   0.405    -23.17918    9.365869
                2001  |  -17.68234   8.172386    -2.16   0.030    -33.69993   -1.664761
                2002  |   -14.6349   8.162667    -1.79   0.073    -30.63343    1.363632
                2003  |  -6.521393   7.837829    -0.83   0.405    -21.88325    8.840469
                2004  |  -6.097776   7.721799    -0.79   0.430    -21.23222    9.036671
                2005  |  -2.887851    7.61103    -0.38   0.704     -17.8052    12.02949
                2006  |  -5.022765   7.685124    -0.65   0.513    -20.08533     10.0398
                2007  |  -8.881486   7.905047    -1.12   0.261    -24.37509    6.612121
                2008  |  -8.728579   8.061177    -1.08   0.279     -24.5282    7.071038
                2009  |  -31.63552   8.027424    -3.94   0.000    -47.36898   -15.90206
                2010  |   5.105356   8.587681     0.59   0.552    -11.72619     21.9369
                2011  |  -14.65941   8.280294    -1.77   0.077    -30.88849    1.569665
                2012  |  -10.52628    8.22048    -1.28   0.200    -26.63813    5.585563
                2013  |  -21.34619   8.529224    -2.50   0.012    -38.06316   -4.629221
                2014  |  -18.21674   8.792705    -2.07   0.038    -35.45012   -.9833522
                2015  |  -20.88706   8.926206    -2.34   0.019     -38.3821   -3.392019
                2016  |  -22.22424   9.138325    -2.43   0.015    -40.13503   -4.313454
                      |
                _cons |   47.41149   17.65853     2.68   0.007      12.8014    82.02157
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |    .086504
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est3 stored)

. 
. * (4) ML Democracy
. eststo: xtpcse chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltpolconv polconv eltcmldi c_mldi chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt
> _for_elt chcpi_w005e i.countryid i.year if main_sample==1, hetonly corr(ar1)

Number of gaps in sample:  22
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)

Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors

Group variable:   countryid                     Number of obs     =      1,069
Time variable:    year                          Number of groups  =         57
Panels:           heteroskedastic (unbalanced)  Obs per group:
Autocorrelation:  common AR(1)                                min =          4
                                                              avg =  18.754386
                                                              max =         42
Estimated covariances      =        57          R-squared         =     0.1617
Estimated autocorrelations =         1          Wald chi2(108)    =     194.49
Estimated coefficients     =       109          Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |            Het-corrected
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -22.51925   9.464728    -2.38   0.017    -41.06978   -3.968725
           eltpolconv |   17.40009   9.671972     1.80   0.072    -1.556627    36.35681
              polconv |  -4.404646   6.663212    -0.66   0.509     -17.4643    8.655009
             eltcmldi |   14.84169   10.50614     1.41   0.158    -5.749966    35.43335
               c_mldi |  -1.658563   7.841719    -0.21   0.832    -17.02805    13.71092
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   6.531508   10.84137     0.60   0.547    -14.71718     27.7802
           regimedum2 |  -1.352873   3.930431    -0.34   0.731    -9.056376    6.350631
           regimedum3 |    2.42128   5.135436     0.47   0.637    -7.643989    12.48655
           regimedum4 |  -.1399899   4.137478    -0.03   0.973    -8.249298    7.969318
          rpt_for_elt |  -8.377766   5.916848    -1.42   0.157    -19.97458    3.219044
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6895327   .4396165    -1.57   0.117    -1.551165    .1720998
                      |
            countryid |
                   5  |  -19.89505   16.52413    -1.20   0.229    -52.28175    12.49165
                   9  |  -12.57853   17.54202    -0.72   0.473    -46.96026     21.8032
                  10  |  -21.23277   16.45715    -1.29   0.197    -53.48819    11.02266
                  11  |  -18.01377   16.32441    -1.10   0.270    -50.00903    13.98149
                  12  |  -23.95853   16.20688    -1.48   0.139    -55.72342    7.806364
                  13  |  -53.78283   17.99312    -2.99   0.003    -89.04869   -18.51697
                  15  |   -7.05423   22.75192    -0.31   0.757    -51.64717    37.53871
                  21  |  -26.55495   16.85411    -1.58   0.115     -59.5884    6.478494
                  24  |  -27.09861   24.67948    -1.10   0.272     -75.4695    21.27227
                  25  |  -26.18595   16.58349    -1.58   0.114    -58.68899    6.317091
                  26  |   -2.88545   19.73426    -0.15   0.884    -41.56389    35.79299
                  27  |   -24.6778   16.23702    -1.52   0.129    -56.50178    7.146177
                  29  |  -27.22365   16.49569    -1.65   0.099     -59.5546    5.107305
                  30  |  -17.38415    16.1776    -1.07   0.283    -49.09166    14.32336
                  32  |  -25.82874   16.01389    -1.61   0.107    -57.21539    5.557913
                  36  |   -16.5521   22.45546    -0.74   0.461      -60.564    27.45979
                  37  |  -2.873992   22.13878    -0.13   0.897    -46.26521    40.51723
                  38  |  -9.865549   18.63534    -0.53   0.597    -46.39015    26.65905
                  39  |  -24.94043   16.09874    -1.55   0.121    -56.49337    6.612517
                  41  |  -6.241445   25.98776    -0.24   0.810    -57.17652    44.69363
                  42  |  -14.79628   18.88713    -0.78   0.433    -51.81437    22.22181
                  43  |  -24.20225   16.99866    -1.42   0.155    -57.51901      9.1145
                  44  |  -22.00903   16.12707    -1.36   0.172    -53.61751    9.599441
                  45  |  -22.58203    16.0687    -1.41   0.160    -54.07611    8.912049
                  46  |  -29.79226   17.00895    -1.75   0.080    -63.12919    3.544677
                  49  |  -9.194853   19.61062    -0.47   0.639    -47.63095    29.24125
                  51  |  -4.027975   17.98464    -0.22   0.823    -39.27722    31.22127
                  52  |  -17.16808   18.11519    -0.95   0.343    -52.67321    18.33704
                  53  |  -21.73943   17.55508    -1.24   0.216    -56.14675     12.6679
                  54  |   -18.9118    17.0584    -1.11   0.268    -52.34565    14.52204
                  55  |  -7.857951   20.37562    -0.39   0.700    -47.79343    32.07753
                  56  |  -20.00968   16.91737    -1.18   0.237     -53.1671    13.14775
                  57  |  -22.74085   16.22723    -1.40   0.161    -54.54565    9.063945
                  59  |   -25.7612   16.30237    -1.58   0.114    -57.71327     6.19086
                  60  |  -20.94608   16.85859    -1.24   0.214     -53.9883    12.09615
                  61  |  -14.70963   17.64205    -0.83   0.404     -49.2874    19.86815
                  63  |   66.58254   49.41455     1.35   0.178     -30.2682    163.4333
                  64  |  -16.20622   17.87079    -0.91   0.364    -51.23233    18.81989
                  65  |  -18.61047   16.26464    -1.14   0.253    -50.48858    13.26764
                  66  |  -17.06823   16.75868    -1.02   0.308    -49.91464    15.77819
                  67  |  -14.79512   17.83642    -0.83   0.407    -49.75386    20.16362
                  68  |  -21.84635   16.77498    -1.30   0.193    -54.72472    11.03201
                  70  |  -25.83497   16.17716    -1.60   0.110    -57.54163    5.871681
                  71  |  -11.67477   16.69304    -0.70   0.484    -44.39253    21.04299
                  72  |  -28.44282   17.98132    -1.58   0.114    -63.68556    6.799927
                  73  |  -23.99522   16.50949    -1.45   0.146    -56.35324     8.36279
                  74  |  -25.42828   16.29894    -1.56   0.119    -57.37362    6.517054
                  75  |  -20.83706   16.57376    -1.26   0.209    -53.32104    11.64692
                  76  |  -24.26282   17.93886    -1.35   0.176    -59.42234     10.8967
                  78  |  -22.03785   16.27529    -1.35   0.176    -53.93684    9.861136
                  80  |   1.878705   33.09776     0.06   0.955    -62.99172    66.74913
                  81  |  -24.28015    16.1829    -1.50   0.134    -55.99805    7.437743
                  82  |  -24.30978   16.27175    -1.49   0.135    -56.20183    7.582275
                  86  |  -23.57011   16.27117    -1.45   0.147    -55.46101     8.32079
                  92  |  -29.99475    17.1223    -1.75   0.080    -63.55384    3.564341
                  93  |  -22.78958   16.08757    -1.42   0.157    -54.32063     8.74147
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -8.732183    7.78521    -1.12   0.262    -23.99091    6.526548
                1977  |  -8.120235   8.943918    -0.91   0.364    -25.64999    9.409521
                1978  |  -4.583288   7.737943    -0.59   0.554    -19.74938     10.5828
                1979  |  -.9607673   7.813882    -0.12   0.902    -16.27569    14.35416
                1980  |   -19.1114   7.630246    -2.50   0.012    -34.06641   -4.156392
                1981  |  -20.29016   7.585692    -2.67   0.007    -35.15785   -5.422479
                1982  |  -16.77256   8.272396    -2.03   0.043    -32.98616   -.5589635
                1983  |  -20.62631   7.988475    -2.58   0.010    -36.28343   -4.969186
                1984  |  -14.80434   7.885498    -1.88   0.060    -30.25963      .65095
                1985  |  -20.06646    7.56662    -2.65   0.008    -34.89677   -5.236162
                1986  |  -1.842737   7.634248    -0.24   0.809    -16.80559    13.12011
                1987  |  -4.135665   7.249973    -0.57   0.568    -18.34535    10.07402
                1988  |  -2.219095   6.929833    -0.32   0.749    -15.80132    11.36313
                1989  |  -4.710657   7.125056    -0.66   0.509    -18.67551    9.254197
                1990  |  -2.069085   6.891052    -0.30   0.764     -15.5753    11.43713
                1991  |   -15.8787    6.86804    -2.31   0.021    -29.33981   -2.417591
                1992  |  -15.12856   7.206257    -2.10   0.036    -29.25257   -1.004558
                1993  |   3.993232   7.200362     0.55   0.579    -10.11922    18.10568
                1994  |  -.2623317   8.195292    -0.03   0.974    -16.32481    15.80015
                1995  |  -3.650122    8.00982    -0.46   0.649    -19.34908    12.04884
                1996  |  -10.76727   7.709753    -1.40   0.163    -25.87811    4.343568
                1997  |  -14.94398   7.875912    -1.90   0.058    -30.38049    .4925214
                1998  |  -19.88283   7.631153    -2.61   0.009    -34.83962   -4.926049
                1999  |  -21.16799   8.108222    -2.61   0.009    -37.05982   -5.276169
                2000  |  -8.601887   8.191735    -1.05   0.294    -24.65739    7.453619
                2001  |  -18.99522   8.026806    -2.37   0.018    -34.72747   -3.262973
                2002  |  -16.09276   7.991884    -2.01   0.044    -31.75657   -.4289559
                2003  |  -8.506293   7.661206    -1.11   0.267    -23.52198    6.509395
                2004  |  -7.750739   7.688078    -1.01   0.313    -22.81909    7.317618
                2005  |  -4.284074   7.640574    -0.56   0.575    -19.25932    10.69118
                2006  |  -6.426977    7.63319    -0.84   0.400    -21.38775    8.533801
                2007  |  -10.67707   7.824199    -1.36   0.172    -26.01222    4.658076
                2008  |   -10.5019   7.982847    -1.32   0.188      -26.148    5.144188
                2009  |  -32.79921   7.900514    -4.15   0.000    -48.28393   -17.31449
                2010  |   3.630232   8.605019     0.42   0.673     -13.2353    20.49576
                2011  |  -16.31277    8.25486    -1.98   0.048      -32.492   -.1335447
                2012  |  -12.50068   8.262815    -1.51   0.130     -28.6955    3.694143
                2013  |  -23.11702   8.586612    -2.69   0.007    -39.94647   -6.287571
                2014  |  -19.36576   8.629162    -2.24   0.025    -36.27861   -2.452913
                2015  |  -22.25828   8.765044    -2.54   0.011    -39.43745   -5.079107
                2016  |  -23.89887    9.00254    -2.65   0.008    -41.54352   -6.254215
                      |
                _cons |   45.25107   18.01938     2.51   0.012     9.933736    80.56841
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  rho |   .0837587
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(est4 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table S4.rtf", title("Table S4. Controlling for Electoral Democracy, Main Variables") mtitles("Free & fai
> r elections" "ML Democracy" "Free & fair elections" "ML Democracy" )  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep(elt eltlnpolconv lnpol
> conv eltlnv2xelfrefair lnv2xelfrefair eltlncmldi lncmldi eltpolconv polconv eltv2xelfrefair v2xel_frefair eltcmldi c_mldi ) order(elt 
> eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltlnv2xelfrefair lnv2xelfrefair eltlncmldi lncmldi eltpolconv polconv eltv2xelfrefair v2xel_frefair eltcmldi c
> _mldi ) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
(output written to ./working data/Table S4.rtf)

. 
. // Table to output coefficient estimates and standard errors for control variables:
. //esttab using "./working data/Table S4b.rtf", title("Table S4b. Controlling for Electoral Democracy, Control Variables") mtitles("Fre
> e & fair elections" "ML Democracy" "Free & fair elections" "ML Democracy" )  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep( chlgrealpcgdpU
> S_w005e   regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  ) order(chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 r
> pt_for_elt chcpi_w005e ) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> //Supplemental Table S5. Supplental Control Variable Estimates for Table 2 
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * Supplemental Table S5 shows estimates and corresponding standard errors for control variables for analyses shown in Table 2.
. * Please run commands under heading "Table 2. Alternative Measures of Institutional Constraints" for results in table.
. 
. 
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Supplemental Table S6. Alternative Specifications for ln Liberal Component Index
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * (1) Driscoll-Kraay standard errors
. eststo: xtscc chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnv2xlib lnv2xlib chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_
> w005e i.year if main_sample==1, fe

Regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors   Number of obs     =      1069
Method: Fixed-effects regression                 Number of groups  =        57
Group variable (i): countryid                    F( 50,    41)     =2209810.55
maximum lag: 3                                   Prob > F          =    0.0000
                                                 within R-squared  =    0.0825

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |             Drisc/Kraay
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -39.48867   18.90335    -2.09   0.043    -77.66477   -1.312578
          eltlnv2xlib |   9.024941   4.314703     2.09   0.043     .3112221    17.73866
             lnv2xlib |    -3.2476   7.002155    -0.46   0.645    -17.38874    10.89354
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   8.797555   9.641171     0.91   0.367    -10.67319     28.2683
           regimedum2 |  -1.299005   2.596382    -0.50   0.620    -6.542504    3.944494
           regimedum3 |    2.80858   4.810169     0.58   0.562    -6.905755    12.52291
           regimedum4 |   .6289313   3.859069     0.16   0.871    -7.164616    8.422479
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.246005   5.437633    -1.70   0.097    -20.22753    1.735517
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6252895   .3757067    -1.66   0.104    -1.384044    .1334655
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (omitted)
                1975  |    34.5064   29.03098     1.19   0.241    -24.12285    93.13564
                1976  |   25.55372   29.60839     0.86   0.393    -34.24164    85.34907
                1977  |   27.64361   29.84399     0.93   0.360    -32.62755    87.91476
                1978  |   30.17767   28.84865     1.05   0.302    -28.08335     88.4387
                1979  |   35.19807   28.94637     1.22   0.231    -23.26031    93.65645
                1980  |   14.78897   27.69802     0.53   0.596    -41.14832    70.72626
                1981  |   14.60953    29.5461     0.49   0.624    -45.06003     74.2791
                1982  |   18.33732   29.53821     0.62   0.538    -41.31631    77.99095
                1983  |   14.81775    28.7924     0.51   0.610    -43.32968    72.96517
                1984  |   19.33206   29.39978     0.66   0.514      -40.042    78.70612
                1985  |   15.71279   29.09968     0.54   0.592     -43.0552    74.48078
                1986  |   32.84681   29.01817     1.13   0.264    -25.75657    91.45019
                1987  |   31.55478   29.04933     1.09   0.284    -27.11152    90.22109
                1988  |   33.18111   29.41925     1.13   0.266    -26.23228     92.5945
                1989  |   30.59505   29.66813     1.03   0.308    -29.32095    90.51104
                1990  |   32.43578   29.59219     1.10   0.279    -27.32687    92.19843
                1991  |   20.39603   29.25632     0.70   0.490     -38.6883    79.48037
                1992  |   19.69306   29.41904     0.67   0.507    -39.71989    79.10602
                1993  |   38.86153   29.69587     1.31   0.198     -21.1105    98.83357
                1994  |   35.19283   29.47627     1.19   0.239    -24.33571    94.72138
                1995  |   30.90041   29.31067     1.05   0.298    -28.29368     90.0945
                1996  |   24.75427   29.52672     0.84   0.407    -34.87615     84.3847
                1997  |   20.58263   29.16634     0.71   0.484    -38.31999    79.48525
                1998  |   15.79099   29.31856     0.54   0.593    -43.41904    75.00102
                1999  |   13.79434   29.63127     0.47   0.644    -46.04721    73.63589
                2000  |   27.35019   29.30594     0.93   0.356    -31.83436    86.53474
                2001  |   16.63024   29.31395     0.57   0.574    -42.57049    75.83096
                2002  |   19.61796   29.22831     0.67   0.506    -39.40982    78.64574
                2003  |   27.19454   29.72976     0.91   0.366    -32.84592      87.235
                2004  |   27.79722   29.77748     0.93   0.356    -32.33962    87.93405
                2005  |    31.2135    29.8112     1.05   0.301    -28.99144    91.41844
                2006  |   29.08077   29.52246     0.99   0.330    -30.54106    88.70259
                2007  |   24.25223   29.71522     0.82   0.419    -35.75888    84.26334
                2008  |    24.9769   29.62156     0.84   0.404    -34.84506    84.79886
                2009  |   2.199796   29.62195     0.07   0.941    -57.62295    62.02254
                2010  |   39.58041   29.15166     1.36   0.182    -19.29256    98.45338
                2011  |   19.24343   29.39141     0.65   0.516    -40.11372    78.60059
                2012  |   23.14353   29.48345     0.78   0.437     -36.3995    82.68656
                2013  |   12.55276   29.19974     0.43   0.670    -46.41732    71.52283
                2014  |   16.00661   28.94229     0.55   0.583    -42.44354    74.45676
                2015  |   13.23375   29.02494     0.46   0.651    -45.38332    71.85081
                2016  |   12.16352   29.14968     0.42   0.679    -46.70546    71.03249
                2017  |          0  (omitted)
                2018  |          0  (omitted)
                      |
                _cons |          0  (omitted)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) Two-way clustered standard errors
. eststo: reghdfe chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt eltlnv2xlib lnv2xlib chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4  rpt_for_elt chc
> pi_w005e if main_sample==1, absorb(countryid year) cluster(countryid year)
(MWFE estimator converged in 8 iterations)
Warning: VCV matrix was non-positive semi-definite; adjustment from Cameron, Gelbach & Miller applied.
warning: missing F statistic; dropped variables due to collinearity or too few clusters

HDFE Linear regression                            Number of obs   =      1,069
Absorbing 2 HDFE groups                           F(   9,     41) =          .
Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity           Prob > F        =          .
                                                  R-squared       =     0.1692
                                                  Adj R-squared   =     0.0767
Number of clusters (countryid) =         57       Within R-sq.    =     0.0073
Number of clusters (year)    =         42         Root MSE        =    31.2309

                                 (Std. Err. adjusted for 42 clusters in countryid year)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -39.48867   21.14515    -1.87   0.069    -82.19217    3.214822
          eltlnv2xlib |   9.024941   5.030485     1.79   0.080     -1.13433    19.18421
             lnv2xlib |    -3.2476   4.652082    -0.70   0.489    -12.64267    6.147471
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   8.797555   9.867608     0.89   0.378    -11.13048    28.72559
           regimedum2 |  -1.299005   2.516863    -0.52   0.609    -6.381913    3.783902
           regimedum3 |    2.80858   4.676863     0.60   0.551    -6.636538     12.2537
           regimedum4 |   .6289313   3.413578     0.18   0.855    -6.264929    7.522792
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.246005   4.867051    -1.90   0.065    -19.07521    .5832042
          chcpi_w005e |  -.6252895   .5202681    -1.20   0.236    -1.675992    .4254133
                _cons |   22.93627   19.43944     1.18   0.245    -16.32248    62.19502
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Absorbed degrees of freedom:
-----------------------------------------------------+
 Absorbed FE | Categories  - Redundant  = Num. Coefs |
-------------+---------------------------------------|
   countryid |        57          57           0    *|
        year |        42          42           0    *|
-----------------------------------------------------+
* = FE nested within cluster; treated as redundant for DoF computation
(est2 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table S6.rtf", title("Table S6. Alternative Specifications for ln Liberal Component Index") mtitles("Dris
> coll-Kraay standard errors" "Two-way clustered standard errors")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep(elt eltlnv2xlib lnv2xlib c
> hlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e) order(elt eltlnv2xlib lnv2xlib chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e  
> regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e) star(* 0.10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
(output written to ./working data/Table S6.rtf)

. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Supplemental Table S7. First-Stage Estimates from 2SLS Analysis of Endogenous Institutions
. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * 1st-stage estimates Column 3 of Table 3
. * (1) ln Institutional constraints
. * (2) Executive Election x ln Institutional constraints
. 
. ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt  (eltlnpolconv lnpolconv =englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s) lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt
>   chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i.regionid if main_sample==1 & colony==1, fi
> rst robust
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample

First-stage regressions
-----------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(  56,    756)   =     163.38
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.9207
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.9149
                                                Root MSE          =     0.4414

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
         eltlnpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   3.146934   .2970239    10.59   0.000     2.563844    3.730024
           lgurbanpct |   -.002025   .0008077    -2.51   0.012    -.0036107   -.0004394
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0043814   .0046376     0.94   0.345    -.0047227    .0134855
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |     .26386    .130347     2.02   0.043     .0079749    .5197451
           regimedum2 |   .0250919   .0569804     0.44   0.660    -.0867667    .1369505
           regimedum3 |   .0282789   .0630621     0.45   0.654    -.0955188    .1520766
           regimedum4 |   .0348246    .055835     0.62   0.533    -.0747855    .1444346
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0276771   .0427803    -0.65   0.518    -.1116595    .0563053
          chcpi_w005e |   .0186664   .0068431     2.73   0.007     .0052327       .0321
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   .0125996   .1564397     0.08   0.936    -.2945082    .3197074
                1976  |   .0225179    .169374     0.13   0.894    -.3099815    .3550172
                1977  |   .3750864   .2697388     1.39   0.165    -.1544397    .9046124
                1978  |   .0265384   .1595294     0.17   0.868    -.2866347    .3397116
                1979  |   .2803943   .1939921     1.45   0.149    -.1004331    .6612216
                1980  |  -.0277469   .1659538    -0.17   0.867    -.3535319    .2980381
                1981  |  -.1868345   .4712734    -0.40   0.692    -1.111995    .7383255
                1982  |   .0163781    .165021     0.10   0.921    -.3075758     .340332
                1983  |   .0755523   .1529165     0.49   0.621    -.2246391    .3757438
                1984  |   .1015412   .1959643     0.52   0.604    -.2831576    .4862401
                1985  |   .2068255   .1787964     1.16   0.248     -.144171     .557822
                1986  |   .0500929   .1711148     0.29   0.770    -.2858237    .3860096
                1987  |   .1057721   .1599504     0.66   0.509    -.2082277    .4197718
                1988  |   .0301764   .1632082     0.18   0.853    -.2902188    .3505715
                1989  |   .2335703   .1900928     1.23   0.220    -.1396022    .6067427
                1990  |  -.1274302    .248076    -0.51   0.608    -.6144299    .3595695
                1991  |   .0842272   .1543435     0.55   0.585    -.2187657    .3872201
                1992  |  -.2289018   .2633968    -0.87   0.385    -.7459778    .2881742
                1993  |  -.0751384   .2302029    -0.33   0.744    -.5270514    .3767746
                1994  |   .0388688   .2200649     0.18   0.860    -.3931422    .4708798
                1995  |   .1149186   .1510288     0.76   0.447    -.1815671    .4114043
                1996  |   .0790687   .1729206     0.46   0.648    -.2603928    .4185303
                1997  |   .1535685   .1599641     0.96   0.337    -.1604582    .4675952
                1998  |   .1992381   .1624434     1.23   0.220    -.1196557    .5181319
                1999  |   .0711963   .2184685     0.33   0.745    -.3576806    .5000733
                2000  |  -.1627917    .246232    -0.66   0.509    -.6461714     .320588
                2001  |   .1737772   .1579598     1.10   0.272    -.1363147    .4838691
                2002  |   .1482812   .1522519     0.97   0.330    -.1506056     .447168
                2003  |   .1211385   .1632188     0.74   0.458    -.1992775    .4415544
                2004  |   .0375844   .1627508     0.23   0.817    -.2819128    .3570817
                2005  |   .1387589   .1571574     0.88   0.378    -.1697579    .4472758
                2006  |   .1155658   .1526829     0.76   0.449     -.184167    .4152987
                2007  |   .1205132   .1510549     0.80   0.425    -.1760237    .4170501
                2008  |    .070248   .1581869     0.44   0.657    -.2402898    .3807857
                2009  |   .1298448   .1635095     0.79   0.427    -.1911418    .4508314
                2010  |   .1580128   .1462737     1.08   0.280    -.1291381    .4451638
                2011  |   .1082026   .1496575     0.72   0.470    -.1855911    .4019962
                2012  |   .0937574   .1489594     0.63   0.529    -.1986659    .3861806
                2013  |   .1411421   .1541579     0.92   0.360    -.1614863    .4437706
                2014  |   .1093645   .1467037     0.75   0.456    -.1786305    .3973596
                2015  |   .1117461   .1547281     0.72   0.470    -.1920017    .4154938
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |   .1641471   .0562278     2.92   0.004      .053766    .2745282
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |   .1156758   .0659294     1.75   0.080    -.0137506    .2451022
                      |
           englishlaw |  -.0235532   .0305659    -0.77   0.441    -.0835574     .036451
           eltenglish |   .4302475   .1818233     2.37   0.018      .073309    .7871861
             lpd1500s |  -.0246153   .0098129    -2.51   0.012     -.043879   -.0053516
          eltlpd1500s |   -.049672   .0429207    -1.16   0.248    -.1339299    .0345858
                _cons |  -.0973679    .141358    -0.69   0.491    -.3748687     .180133
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(  56,    756)   =       2.87
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1589
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.0966
                                                Root MSE          =     0.6901

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
            lnpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -.4256116   .3146709    -1.35   0.177    -1.043344     .192121
           lgurbanpct |  -.0027606    .001881    -1.47   0.143    -.0064532     .000932
        lgurbanpctelt |    .002799   .0049671     0.56   0.573     -.006952      .01255
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .1092314   .2176493     0.50   0.616    -.3180374    .5365002
           regimedum2 |   .1089351   .0995943     1.09   0.274    -.0865791    .3044493
           regimedum3 |  -.0154829   .1194894    -0.13   0.897    -.2500533    .2190875
           regimedum4 |   .1918484   .0895073     2.14   0.032      .016136    .3675608
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0251716   .0926911    -0.27   0.786     -.207134    .1567909
          chcpi_w005e |   .0451211   .0085964     5.25   0.000     .0282455    .0619967
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   .1440251    .256086     0.56   0.574     -.358699    .6467493
                1976  |   .2321026   .2319195     1.00   0.317    -.2231802    .6873854
                1977  |   .4318514   .2632055     1.64   0.101    -.0848491    .9485519
                1978  |   .0811622    .274456     0.30   0.768    -.4576244    .6199487
                1979  |   .2166134   .2973085     0.73   0.466     -.367035    .8002617
                1980  |  -.8930113   .6925297    -1.29   0.198    -2.252521    .4664986
                1981  |  -.1674641   .4895186    -0.34   0.732    -1.128441    .7935133
                1982  |   .2958317   .2103262     1.41   0.160    -.1170611    .7087245
                1983  |   .2113083   .2175546     0.97   0.332    -.2157747    .6383913
                1984  |   .2285866    .235213     0.97   0.331    -.2331616    .6903348
                1985  |   .2144427   .2410798     0.89   0.374    -.2588227     .687708
                1986  |   -.133378   .3574945    -0.37   0.709    -.8351778    .5684219
                1987  |   .1254741    .230914     0.54   0.587    -.3278347    .5787828
                1988  |  -.0895223    .319148    -0.28   0.779    -.7160441    .5369994
                1989  |   .1334934   .2262101     0.59   0.555    -.3105811     .577568
                1990  |  -.1919185   .2741371    -0.70   0.484    -.7300789     .346242
                1991  |  -.3583293   .2987384    -1.20   0.231    -.9447846    .2281261
                1992  |  -.3589707   .3250763    -1.10   0.270    -.9971301    .2791888
                1993  |  -.0082942   .2551075    -0.03   0.974    -.5090975    .4925091
                1994  |   -.098877   .2987741    -0.33   0.741    -.6854025    .4876484
                1995  |   .3866412   .1810793     2.14   0.033     .0311633    .7421192
                1996  |   .3548674    .199164     1.78   0.075    -.0361128    .7458476
                1997  |   .3717335   .1839806     2.02   0.044       .01056     .732907
                1998  |   .3407732   .1905806     1.79   0.074    -.0333569    .7149034
                1999  |   .0639585   .2923065     0.22   0.827    -.5098703    .6377874
                2000  |  -.0694763   .2702537    -0.26   0.797    -.6000133    .4610606
                2001  |   .1693439   .2034554     0.83   0.405    -.2300607    .5687485
                2002  |   .0943235   .1996278     0.47   0.637    -.2975673    .4862142
                2003  |   .1181468    .201954     0.59   0.559    -.2783105    .5146041
                2004  |   .0969664   .2064368     0.47   0.639    -.3082911     .502224
                2005  |   .1461609   .2099044     0.70   0.486    -.2659038    .5582256
                2006  |   .1811842   .2068273     0.88   0.381    -.2248399    .5872084
                2007  |   .2457573    .199288     1.23   0.218    -.1454663     .636981
                2008  |    .164546   .2007258     0.82   0.413    -.2295001    .5585922
                2009  |   .1791801    .204266     0.88   0.381    -.2218159    .5801762
                2010  |   .0992259   .1910607     0.52   0.604    -.2758466    .4742984
                2011  |   .1684383    .188296     0.89   0.371    -.2012069    .5380835
                2012  |   .1154118   .1928612     0.60   0.550    -.2631952    .4940189
                2013  |   .1844634   .1930245     0.96   0.340    -.1944643     .563391
                2014  |   .0913043   .1905595     0.48   0.632    -.2827844     .465393
                2015  |   .1691071   .1870881     0.90   0.366    -.1981669    .5363811
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |   .4270967   .1019383     4.19   0.000      .226981    .6272124
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |   .1528686   .0908734     1.68   0.093    -.0255256    .3312629
                      |
           englishlaw |    .060927   .0862575     0.71   0.480    -.1084058    .2302597
           eltenglish |   .2420554   .1899168     1.27   0.203    -.1307715    .6148823
             lpd1500s |  -.1039748   .0242617    -4.29   0.000    -.1516032   -.0563465
          eltlpd1500s |  -.0311491   .0472485    -0.66   0.510     -.123903    .0616047
                _cons |   3.466884   .2063193    16.80   0.000     3.061857    3.871911
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        813
                                                  Wald chi2(54)   =     139.13
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.0420
                                                  Root MSE        =     31.227

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
         eltlnpolconv |    31.3963   15.92228     1.97   0.049     .1892132    62.60339
            lnpolconv |  -14.78891   13.48311    -1.10   0.273    -41.21533     11.6375
                  elt |  -117.9823   57.70652    -2.04   0.041     -231.085    -4.87962
           lgurbanpct |  -.1295335   .0746168    -1.74   0.083    -.2757798    .0167129
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0717117    .104624     0.69   0.493    -.1333476    .2767709
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   3.433437   11.03091     0.31   0.756    -18.18674    25.05361
           regimedum2 |  -.6847369   3.396034    -0.20   0.840    -7.340842    5.971368
           regimedum3 |    -1.1073   3.390906    -0.33   0.744    -7.753353    5.538753
           regimedum4 |   4.311835   4.367494     0.99   0.324    -4.248296    12.87197
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.737926   5.183407    -1.88   0.060    -19.89722    .4213656
          chcpi_w005e |   .3004457   1.089097     0.28   0.783    -1.834145    2.435036
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   21.38286   15.49407     1.38   0.168    -8.984963    51.75069
                1976  |   8.468114   7.634403     1.11   0.267    -6.495042    23.43127
                1977  |   1.857612   7.220665     0.26   0.797    -12.29463    16.00986
                1978  |   15.68776   8.442545     1.86   0.063    -.8593225    32.23484
                1979  |   17.44591   10.96986     1.59   0.112    -4.054628    38.94645
                1980  |  -12.66231   20.82419    -0.61   0.543    -53.47698    28.15235
                1981  |    1.34393   8.936178     0.15   0.880    -16.17066    18.85852
                1982  |   5.187183   9.681405     0.54   0.592    -13.78802    24.16239
                1983  |  -4.123669   6.463912    -0.64   0.524     -16.7927    8.545367
                1984  |  -.4598643   8.648112    -0.05   0.958    -17.40985    16.49012
                1985  |  -4.447326   6.783785    -0.66   0.512     -17.7433    8.848648
                1986  |   11.89048   9.732469     1.22   0.222    -7.184812    30.96577
                1987  |   11.26523   6.908141     1.63   0.103    -2.274482    24.80493
                1988  |   12.47547   8.252952     1.51   0.131    -3.700015    28.65096
                1989  |   5.290601   6.922629     0.76   0.445    -8.277503    18.85871
                1990  |   16.62456   7.315815     2.27   0.023     2.285826    30.96329
                1991  |  -2.454411   9.260611    -0.27   0.791    -20.60488    15.69605
                1992  |   8.175236   7.414954     1.10   0.270    -6.357807    22.70828
                1993  |   17.16628   6.441888     2.66   0.008      4.54041    29.79215
                1994  |   12.02895   6.431967     1.87   0.061    -.5774767    24.63537
                1995  |   18.04493   15.41864     1.17   0.242    -12.17504     48.2649
                1996  |   3.062219   7.517876     0.41   0.684    -11.67255    17.79698
                1997  |   13.02826   7.738518     1.68   0.092    -2.138958    28.19548
                1998  |   4.067888   7.153253     0.57   0.570     -9.95223    18.08801
                1999  |  -1.786635   6.551875    -0.27   0.785    -14.62807     11.0548
                2000  |   17.06187   8.301303     2.06   0.040     .7916147    33.33212
                2001  |  -1.044331   6.645644    -0.16   0.875    -14.06955    11.98089
                2002  |    4.63585   10.67103     0.43   0.664    -16.27898    25.55068
                2003  |   9.902198   7.761984     1.28   0.202    -5.311011    25.11541
                2004  |   16.83473   6.450137     2.61   0.009     4.192692    29.47676
                2005  |   20.95247   8.448176     2.48   0.013     4.394351    37.51059
                2006  |   15.29831   5.450118     2.81   0.005     4.616269    25.98034
                2007  |   7.661342   7.127829     1.07   0.282    -6.308946    21.63163
                2008  |   17.85269   11.31822     1.58   0.115    -4.330608    40.03598
                2009  |    -10.686   6.053562    -1.77   0.078    -22.55077    1.178759
                2010  |   31.48235     14.476     2.17   0.030     3.109915    59.85479
                2011  |   8.469685   6.465694     1.31   0.190    -4.202842    21.14221
                2012  |   14.32969   8.849088     1.62   0.105    -3.014202    31.67358
                2013  |    2.38571   6.229485     0.38   0.702    -9.823856    14.59528
                2014  |   4.545041   6.051562     0.75   0.453    -7.315802    16.40588
                2015  |   3.433936   5.586771     0.61   0.539    -7.515933    14.38381
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |  -8.745863   3.365326    -2.60   0.009    -15.34178   -2.149946
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |  -6.595518   3.470825    -1.90   0.057    -13.39821    .2071749
                      |
                _cons |   65.35721   47.36392     1.38   0.168    -27.47437    158.1888
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  eltlnpolconv lnpolconv
Instruments:   elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2
               regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year
               1977.year 1978.year 1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year
               1984.year 1985.year 1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year
               1991.year 1992.year 1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year
               1998.year 1999.year 2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year
               2005.year 2006.year 2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year
               2012.year 2013.year 2014.year 2015.year 2.regionid 4.regionid
               englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s

. 
. reg lnpolconv elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4  rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i.re
> gionid englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s if main_sample==1 & colony==1, robust

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(56, 756)        =       2.89
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1589
                                                Root MSE          =     .69014

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
            lnpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -.4256116   .3132107    -1.36   0.175    -1.040478    .1892545
           lgurbanpct |  -.0027606   .0018723    -1.47   0.141    -.0064361    .0009148
        lgurbanpctelt |    .002799   .0049441     0.57   0.571    -.0069068    .0125047
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .1092314   .2166393     0.50   0.614    -.3160547    .5345175
           regimedum2 |   .1089351   .0991321     1.10   0.272    -.0856718     .303542
           regimedum3 |  -.0154829   .1189349    -0.13   0.896    -.2489648     .217999
           regimedum4 |   .1918484    .089092     2.15   0.032     .0169514    .3667455
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0251716   .0922609    -0.27   0.785    -.2062896    .1559465
          chcpi_w005e |   .0451211   .0085565     5.27   0.000     .0283238    .0619184
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |   .0880775   .2343704     0.38   0.707    -.3720167    .5481717
                1977  |   .2878263   .2662947     1.08   0.280    -.2349388    .8105913
                1978  |   -.062863   .2697797    -0.23   0.816    -.5924694    .4667435
                1979  |   .0725882   .2954588     0.25   0.806    -.5074289    .6526054
                1980  |  -1.037036   .6786711    -1.53   0.127     -2.36934    .2952676
                1981  |  -.3114892   .4716747    -0.66   0.509    -1.237437    .6144587
                1982  |   .1518066     .21413     0.71   0.479    -.2685535    .5721666
                1983  |   .0672832   .2238302     0.30   0.764    -.3721194    .5066857
                1984  |   .0845615   .2359556     0.36   0.720    -.3786446    .5477675
                1985  |   .0704175    .243122     0.29   0.772    -.4068569    .5476919
                1986  |  -.2774031   .3564974    -0.78   0.437    -.9772456    .4224393
                1987  |  -.0185511   .2336948    -0.08   0.937    -.4773188    .4402167
                1988  |  -.2335475   .3105519    -0.75   0.452     -.843194    .3760991
                1989  |  -.0105317   .2245504    -0.05   0.963     -.451348    .4302847
                1990  |  -.3359436   .2700932    -1.24   0.214    -.8661655    .1942783
                1991  |  -.5023544   .3134836    -1.60   0.109    -1.117756    .1130475
                1992  |  -.5029958   .3164778    -1.59   0.112    -1.124276     .118284
                1993  |  -.1523193   .2581061    -0.59   0.555    -.6590092    .3543705
                1994  |  -.2429021   .3057021    -0.79   0.427     -.843028    .3572237
                1995  |   .2426161   .1932893     1.26   0.210    -.1368315    .6220637
                1996  |   .2108423    .204409     1.03   0.303    -.1904345     .612119
                1997  |   .2277084   .1923164     1.18   0.237    -.1498293     .605246
                1998  |   .1967481   .1998072     0.98   0.325    -.1954948     .588991
                1999  |  -.0800666    .293804    -0.27   0.785    -.6568351     .496702
                2000  |  -.2135015    .268737    -0.79   0.427    -.7410609    .3140579
                2001  |   .0253188   .2130016     0.12   0.905    -.3928262    .4434637
                2002  |  -.0497017   .2122162    -0.23   0.815    -.4663048    .3669014
                2003  |  -.0258784   .2084649    -0.12   0.901    -.4351173    .3833606
                2004  |  -.0470587   .2108002    -0.22   0.823    -.4608821    .3667647
                2005  |   .0021358   .2177105     0.01   0.992    -.4252532    .4295247
                2006  |   .0371591   .2164366     0.17   0.864    -.3877291    .4620473
                2007  |   .1017322   .2112113     0.48   0.630    -.3128982    .5163626
                2008  |   .0205209   .2090235     0.10   0.922    -.3898146    .4308564
                2009  |    .035155   .2126092     0.17   0.869    -.3822195    .4525295
                2010  |  -.0447992    .208662    -0.21   0.830    -.4544251    .3648266
                2011  |   .0244132   .2002728     0.12   0.903    -.3687438    .4175701
                2012  |  -.0286133   .2017328    -0.14   0.887    -.4246363    .3674097
                2013  |   .0404382   .2101769     0.19   0.847    -.3721615     .453038
                2014  |  -.0527208   .2086772    -0.25   0.801    -.4623764    .3569348
                2015  |    .025082    .205614     0.12   0.903    -.3785602    .4287242
                2016  |  -.1440251   .2548976    -0.57   0.572    -.6444164    .3563662
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |   .4270967   .1014652     4.21   0.000     .2279096    .6262838
                   4  |   .1528686   .0904517     1.69   0.091    -.0246978     .330435
                      |
           englishlaw |    .060927   .0858573     0.71   0.478      -.10762    .2294739
           eltenglish |   .2420554   .1890355     1.28   0.201    -.1290414    .6131522
             lpd1500s |  -.1039748   .0241491    -4.31   0.000    -.1513822   -.0565675
          eltlpd1500s |  -.0311491   .0470292    -0.66   0.508    -.1234726    .0611743
                _cons |   3.610909   .2162333    16.70   0.000      3.18642    4.035398
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. test englishlaw  eltenglish lpd1500s  eltlpd1500s

 ( 1)  englishlaw = 0
 ( 2)  eltenglish = 0
 ( 3)  lpd1500s = 0
 ( 4)  eltlpd1500s = 0

       F(  4,   756) =    8.19
            Prob > F =    0.0000

. 
. reg eltlnpolconv elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4  rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i
> .regionid englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s if main_sample==1 & colony==1, robust

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(56, 756)        =     164.91
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.9207
                                                Root MSE          =     .44138

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
         eltlnpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   3.146934   .2956456    10.64   0.000      2.56655    3.727318
           lgurbanpct |   -.002025    .000804    -2.52   0.012    -.0036033   -.0004468
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0043814   .0046161     0.95   0.343    -.0046804    .0134433
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |     .26386   .1297421     2.03   0.042     .0091623    .5185577
           regimedum2 |   .0250919    .056716     0.44   0.658    -.0862476    .1364314
           regimedum3 |   .0282789   .0627695     0.45   0.652    -.0949443    .1515022
           regimedum4 |   .0348246   .0555759     0.63   0.531    -.0742768     .143926
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0276771   .0425818    -0.65   0.516    -.1112697    .0559156
          chcpi_w005e |   .0186664   .0068113     2.74   0.006      .005295    .0320377
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |   .0099183   .0830694     0.12   0.905    -.1531557    .1729923
                1977  |   .3624868   .2243006     1.62   0.106    -.0778392    .8028127
                1978  |   .0139388   .0404376     0.34   0.730    -.0654444    .0933221
                1979  |   .2677947    .123535     2.17   0.030     .0252822    .5103071
                1980  |  -.0403465   .0554916    -0.73   0.467    -.1492825    .0685895
                1981  |  -.1994341   .4257565    -0.47   0.640     -1.03524    .6363713
                1982  |   .0037785   .0698684     0.05   0.957    -.1333806    .1409376
                1983  |   .0629527   .0407874     1.54   0.123    -.0171173    .1430227
                1984  |   .0889416   .1198232     0.74   0.458    -.1462842    .3241674
                1985  |   .1942259    .094747     2.05   0.041     .0082275    .3802243
                1986  |   .0374933   .0874648     0.43   0.668    -.1342095    .2091962
                1987  |   .0931725   .0586412     1.59   0.113    -.0219464    .2082913
                1988  |   .0175768   .0564134     0.31   0.755    -.0931687    .1283222
                1989  |   .2209707   .1042086     2.12   0.034     .0163981    .4255433
                1990  |  -.1400298   .1861317    -0.75   0.452    -.5054262    .2253667
                1991  |   .0716276    .042732     1.68   0.094    -.0122599    .1555151
                1992  |  -.2415014   .1956299    -1.23   0.217    -.6255438     .142541
                1993  |   -.087738   .1729789    -0.51   0.612    -.4273141     .251838
                1994  |   .0262692   .1595334     0.16   0.869     -.286912    .3394504
                1995  |    .102319   .0552296     1.85   0.064    -.0061025    .2107405
                1996  |   .0664691    .089385     0.74   0.457    -.1090032    .2419415
                1997  |   .1409689   .0661731     2.13   0.033      .011064    .2708738
                1998  |   .1866385   .0692022     2.70   0.007     .0507873    .3224898
                1999  |   .0585967   .1449897     0.40   0.686    -.2260335    .3432269
                2000  |  -.1753913   .1841684    -0.95   0.341    -.5369336     .186151
                2001  |   .1611776   .0635557     2.54   0.011     .0364111    .2859442
                2002  |   .1356816    .053487     2.54   0.011     .0306808    .2406824
                2003  |   .1085389   .0707992     1.53   0.126    -.0304475    .2475252
                2004  |   .0249848   .0692025     0.36   0.718    -.1108671    .1608368
                2005  |   .1261593   .0602824     2.09   0.037     .0078186    .2445001
                2006  |   .1029662   .0549566     1.87   0.061    -.0049194    .2108519
                2007  |   .1079136   .0533053     2.02   0.043     .0032697    .2125576
                2008  |   .0576484   .0687999     0.84   0.402    -.0774132    .1927099
                2009  |   .1172452   .0753678     1.56   0.120    -.0307099    .2652003
                2010  |   .1454132   .0565402     2.57   0.010     .0344188    .2564077
                2011  |    .095603   .0551566     1.73   0.083    -.0126754    .2038813
                2012  |   .0811578   .0463693     1.75   0.080    -.0098701    .1721856
                2013  |   .1285425   .0730367     1.76   0.079    -.0148364    .2719214
                2014  |   .0967649   .0578509     1.67   0.095    -.0168026    .2103325
                2015  |   .0991464   .0761995     1.30   0.194    -.0504414    .2487343
                2016  |  -.0125996   .1557138    -0.08   0.936    -.3182823    .2930831
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |   .1641471   .0559669     2.93   0.003     .0542782     .274016
                   4  |   .1156758   .0656234     1.76   0.078      -.01315    .2445016
                      |
           englishlaw |  -.0235532   .0304241    -0.77   0.439     -.083279    .0361725
           eltenglish |   .4302475   .1809796     2.38   0.018     .0749653    .7855297
             lpd1500s |  -.0246153   .0097673    -2.52   0.012    -.0437896   -.0054409
          eltlpd1500s |   -.049672   .0427215    -1.16   0.245    -.1335389    .0341948
                _cons |  -.0847683   .0562183    -1.51   0.132    -.1951308    .0255942
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. test englishlaw  eltenglish lpd1500s  eltlpd1500s

 ( 1)  englishlaw = 0
 ( 2)  eltenglish = 0
 ( 3)  lpd1500s = 0
 ( 4)  eltlpd1500s = 0

       F(  4,   756) =    3.34
            Prob > F =    0.0100

. 
. * 1st-stage estimates Column 4 of Table 3
. * (1) Institutional constraints
. * (2) Executive Election x Institutional constraints
. 
. ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt  (eltpolconv polconv =englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s) lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chl
> grealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  i.year i.regionid if main_sample==1 & colony==1, first ro
> bust 
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample

First-stage regressions
-----------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(  56,    756)   =      20.64
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.7965
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.7814
                                                Root MSE          =     0.0935

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
           eltpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   .3728559   .0559677     6.66   0.000     .2629854    .4827265
           lgurbanpct |  -.0004048   .0001501    -2.70   0.007    -.0006995   -.0001102
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0003467   .0009429     0.37   0.713    -.0015043    .0021978
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0503029   .0296404     1.70   0.090    -.0078844    .1084901
           regimedum2 |    .000729   .0108497     0.07   0.946    -.0205701     .022028
           regimedum3 |  -.0101258   .0140298    -0.72   0.471    -.0376678    .0174162
           regimedum4 |   .0110073   .0099483     1.11   0.269    -.0085223    .0305368
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0013342   .0094731    -0.14   0.888    -.0199308    .0172625
          chcpi_w005e |   .0056995   .0025862     2.20   0.028     .0006225    .0107766
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |  -.0044608    .020515    -0.22   0.828     -.044734    .0358123
                1976  |  -.0335704     .03692    -0.91   0.363    -.1060483    .0389075
                1977  |   .1125072   .0934684     1.20   0.229    -.0709814    .2959957
                1978  |   .0039217   .0207628     0.19   0.850    -.0368379    .0446813
                1979  |    .082062   .0410701     2.00   0.046     .0014371     .162687
                1980  |   -.024671   .0314369    -0.78   0.433     -.086385     .037043
                1981  |   .0037397   .0708659     0.05   0.958    -.1353776     .142857
                1982  |  -.0119628   .0295945    -0.40   0.686    -.0700601    .0461344
                1983  |   .0129403   .0187007     0.69   0.489    -.0237712    .0496519
                1984  |   .0136885   .0415232     0.33   0.742    -.0678259    .0952029
                1985  |   .0347049   .0337721     1.03   0.304    -.0315934    .1010032
                1986  |    .003579   .0356802     0.10   0.920     -.066465    .0736231
                1987  |   .0265898   .0263077     1.01   0.312    -.0250551    .0782347
                1988  |  -.0073586   .0245878    -0.30   0.765    -.0556271    .0409099
                1989  |   .0487655   .0400406     1.22   0.224    -.0298385    .1273696
                1990  |  -.0245571   .0333239    -0.74   0.461    -.0899755    .0408612
                1991  |   .0089474   .0192365     0.47   0.642    -.0288159    .0467107
                1992  |  -.0364617   .0324776    -1.12   0.262    -.1002187    .0272952
                1993  |  -.0220594   .0300485    -0.73   0.463    -.0810478     .036929
                1994  |   .0188352   .0301536     0.62   0.532    -.0403595    .0780298
                1995  |   .0180157   .0231118     0.78   0.436    -.0273552    .0633866
                1996  |    .016863   .0295426     0.57   0.568    -.0411322    .0748583
                1997  |   .0359252    .028275     1.27   0.204    -.0195817     .091432
                1998  |   .0437176   .0255234     1.71   0.087    -.0063875    .0938227
                1999  |   .0208067   .0310371     0.67   0.503    -.0401225    .0817358
                2000  |  -.0135245   .0296241    -0.46   0.648    -.0716797    .0446307
                2001  |   .0273316   .0215504     1.27   0.205    -.0149741    .0696373
                2002  |   .0290139   .0209755     1.38   0.167    -.0121632    .0701911
                2003  |   .0059793   .0275288     0.22   0.828    -.0480627    .0600214
                2004  |  -.0131859   .0254569    -0.52   0.605    -.0631605    .0367886
                2005  |   .0198067   .0241656     0.82   0.413     -.027633    .0672463
                2006  |   .0130361   .0227582     0.57   0.567    -.0316407    .0577129
                2007  |   .0196679   .0223979     0.88   0.380    -.0243016    .0636374
                2008  |  -.0017072   .0259227    -0.07   0.948    -.0525961    .0491818
                2009  |   .0103127   .0284545     0.36   0.717    -.0455464    .0661719
                2010  |   .0246891   .0193514     1.28   0.202    -.0132998    .0626781
                2011  |   .0034669   .0205414     0.17   0.866    -.0368582    .0437919
                2012  |   .0145425   .0233203     0.62   0.533    -.0312377    .0603228
                2013  |   .0029425   .0253726     0.12   0.908    -.0468666    .0527515
                2014  |   .0019136   .0223685     0.09   0.932    -.0419981    .0458253
                2015  |   .0054637    .023359     0.23   0.815    -.0403926    .0513199
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |   .0476419    .013722     3.47   0.001     .0207041    .0745797
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |   .0168166   .0109664     1.53   0.126    -.0047117    .0383448
                      |
           englishlaw |  -.0145838   .0070071    -2.08   0.038    -.0283395   -.0008281
           eltenglish |   .0989355    .037493     2.64   0.008     .0253327    .1725382
             lpd1500s |  -.0076407   .0024285    -3.15   0.002    -.0124082   -.0028733
          eltlpd1500s |  -.0186918   .0121317    -1.54   0.124    -.0425076     .005124
                _cons |  -.0085516   .0174176    -0.49   0.624    -.0427441    .0256409
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(  56,    756)   =       3.85
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.2000
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.1407
                                                Root MSE          =     0.1867

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
              polconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -.0645453   .0621995    -1.04   0.300    -.1866496    .0575591
           lgurbanpct |  -.0010703   .0005073    -2.11   0.035    -.0020662   -.0000743
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0004456   .0010379     0.43   0.668    -.0015918    .0024831
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0367263    .061311     0.60   0.549    -.0836337    .1570863
           regimedum2 |  -.0072647   .0226032    -0.32   0.748    -.0516372    .0371078
           regimedum3 |   -.066153   .0328431    -2.01   0.044    -.1306275   -.0016785
           regimedum4 |   .0407638   .0203714     2.00   0.046     .0007725    .0807551
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0098676   .0434588    -0.23   0.820    -.0951819    .0754467
          chcpi_w005e |   .0170416   .0036559     4.66   0.000     .0098648    .0242185
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   .0677434   .0954848     0.71   0.478    -.1197035    .2551903
                1976  |   .0840228   .0900002     0.93   0.351    -.0926571    .2607028
                1977  |   .1584297   .0911728     1.74   0.083    -.0205523    .3374116
                1978  |   .0451374   .0954006     0.47   0.636    -.1421441     .232419
                1979  |   .0958833   .1043631     0.92   0.359    -.1089927    .3007593
                1980  |  -.0526812   .1128048    -0.47   0.641    -.2741292    .1687667
                1981  |   .0277338   .0917301     0.30   0.762    -.1523422    .2078097
                1982  |   .1246347   .0636955     1.96   0.051    -.0004064    .2496758
                1983  |   .0928591    .066673     1.39   0.164    -.0380271    .2237452
                1984  |   .0963064   .0690523     1.39   0.164    -.0392507    .2318635
                1985  |   .0822075   .0736351     1.12   0.265    -.0623461     .226761
                1986  |   .0326836   .0785855     0.42   0.678    -.1215881    .1869554
                1987  |   .0637535    .071731     0.89   0.374     -.077062    .2045691
                1988  |    .031851   .0689369     0.46   0.644    -.1034796    .1671815
                1989  |   .0322656   .0608057     0.53   0.596    -.0871024    .1516336
                1990  |  -.0375706   .0575535    -0.65   0.514    -.1505543     .075413
                1991  |  -.0677865   .0551685    -1.23   0.220    -.1760881    .0405151
                1992  |  -.0386844   .0549071    -0.70   0.481     -.146473    .0691042
                1993  |   .0182749   .0519357     0.35   0.725    -.0836804    .1202303
                1994  |   .0249086   .0568226     0.44   0.661    -.0866403    .1364575
                1995  |   .1373668   .0456033     3.01   0.003     .0478427     .226891
                1996  |   .1422337   .0488815     2.91   0.004     .0462741    .2381933
                1997  |   .1292548   .0464383     2.78   0.006     .0380914    .2204183
                1998  |   .1119724   .0489465     2.29   0.022     .0158853    .2080596
                1999  |   .0751864   .0538011     1.40   0.163     -.030431    .1808038
                2000  |   .0303898    .052322     0.58   0.562    -.0723239    .1331035
                2001  |   .0426483   .0521671     0.82   0.414    -.0597614    .1450579
                2002  |    .007737   .0515701     0.15   0.881    -.0935007    .1089747
                2003  |   .0077147   .0531075     0.15   0.885     -.096541    .1119705
                2004  |   .0160942   .0551511     0.29   0.771    -.0921733    .1243617
                2005  |   .0349427   .0561701     0.62   0.534    -.0753253    .1452106
                2006  |   .0476279   .0549419     0.87   0.386     -.060229    .1554847
                2007  |   .0682633   .0532807     1.28   0.201    -.0363324     .172859
                2008  |   .0392507   .0527724     0.74   0.457    -.0643472    .1428486
                2009  |   .0448951   .0537216     0.84   0.404     -.060566    .1503563
                2010  |   .0135475   .0504214     0.27   0.788    -.0854352    .1125302
                2011  |   .0328896   .0491968     0.67   0.504    -.0636891    .1294682
                2012  |   .0237427   .0515049     0.46   0.645    -.0773668    .1248523
                2013  |   .0292312   .0507417     0.58   0.565    -.0703801    .1288425
                2014  |  -.0002984   .0482978    -0.01   0.995    -.0951122    .0945154
                2015  |   .0171136   .0469256     0.36   0.715    -.0750063    .1092335
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |    .172575   .0296257     5.83   0.000     .1144166    .2307334
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |   .0181352   .0202434     0.90   0.371    -.0216048    .0578751
                      |
           englishlaw |   .0055017   .0224702     0.24   0.807    -.0386097     .049613
           eltenglish |   .0217335    .040933     0.53   0.596    -.0586224    .1020894
             lpd1500s |  -.0530117   .0075335    -7.04   0.000    -.0678008   -.0382227
          eltlpd1500s |   .0000958   .0131469     0.01   0.994     -.025713    .0259046
                _cons |   .4226437   .0456339     9.26   0.000     .3330594    .5122279
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        813
                                                  Wald chi2(54)   =     147.69
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.0821
                                                  Root MSE        =     30.567

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           eltpolconv |   94.37062   50.27511     1.88   0.061    -4.166785     192.908
              polconv |  -24.51615   25.22874    -0.97   0.331    -73.96357    24.93126
                  elt |   -47.0652   21.47858    -2.19   0.028    -89.16245   -4.967961
           lgurbanpct |  -.1428244   .0744219    -1.92   0.055    -.2886887    .0030399
        lgurbanpctelt |    .107086    .103739     1.03   0.302    -.0962386    .3104106
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   5.938687   11.00038     0.54   0.589    -15.62166    27.49903
           regimedum2 |  -1.822869   2.912995    -0.63   0.531    -7.532234    3.886497
           regimedum3 |  -.8625179   3.297163    -0.26   0.794    -7.324839    5.599803
           regimedum4 |   2.574737   3.325851     0.77   0.439    -3.943811    9.093284
          rpt_for_elt |  -10.40621   5.137132    -2.03   0.043     -20.4748   -.3376109
          chcpi_w005e |   .0806233   1.058651     0.08   0.939    -1.994294    2.155541
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   21.67624   14.93104     1.45   0.147     -7.58805    50.94054
                1976  |   11.40669   7.318646     1.56   0.119     -2.93759    25.75098
                1977  |    .472432   7.942021     0.06   0.953    -15.09364    16.03851
                1978  |   16.03141   8.212889     1.95   0.051    -.0655532    32.12838
                1979  |   17.49065     11.701     1.49   0.135    -5.442895     40.4242
                1980  |   .7787888   11.97659     0.07   0.948     -22.6949    24.25248
                1981  |  -1.847809   7.384972    -0.25   0.802    -16.32209    12.62647
                1982  |    5.65772   9.462514     0.60   0.550    -12.88847    24.20391
                1983  |  -3.801213   5.984041    -0.64   0.525    -15.52972    7.927291
                1984  |   .4517903   8.300653     0.05   0.957    -15.81719    16.72077
                1985  |  -2.510587   6.665594    -0.38   0.706    -15.57491    10.55374
                1986  |     15.889   8.578745     1.85   0.064    -.9250352    32.70303
                1987  |   11.71537   6.483753     1.81   0.071    -.9925548    24.42329
                1988  |   16.28376   6.945389     2.34   0.019     2.671051    29.89648
                1989  |   6.742951   6.645543     1.01   0.310    -6.282074    19.76798
                1990  |   17.08075   6.688578     2.55   0.011     3.971381    30.19013
                1991  |   2.928199   6.434477     0.46   0.649    -9.683143    15.53954
                1992  |   8.657692   5.994024     1.44   0.149    -3.090379    20.40576
                1993  |   17.51743   5.866406     2.99   0.003     6.019486    29.01538
                1994  |   13.58373   7.088131     1.92   0.055    -.3087529    27.47621
                1995  |   17.71823   14.71795     1.20   0.229    -11.12842    46.56489
                1996  |   2.271099   6.787495     0.33   0.738    -11.03215    15.57434
                1997  |   12.17932   7.081483     1.72   0.085    -1.700132    26.05877
                1998  |   3.818173   6.582378     0.58   0.562    -9.083051     16.7194
                1999  |  -.6362874   5.663608    -0.11   0.911    -11.73675    10.46418
                2000  |    15.0289   7.452944     2.02   0.044     .4213937     29.6364
                2001  |   .3856722   6.157442     0.06   0.950    -11.68269    12.45404
                2002  |   5.352879   10.40116     0.51   0.607    -15.03302    25.73878
                2003  |   11.69264   7.274262     1.61   0.108    -2.564653    25.94993
                2004  |   18.21481   5.943952     3.06   0.002     6.564874    29.86474
                2005  |   22.23816    8.03487     2.77   0.006     6.490109    37.98622
                2006  |   16.09756   4.767697     3.38   0.001      6.75304    25.44207
                2007  |   7.796114   6.405227     1.22   0.224    -4.757901    20.35013
                2008  |   18.88928   11.09387     1.70   0.089    -2.854306    40.63286
                2009  |   -9.17834   5.338306    -1.72   0.086    -19.64123    1.284548
                2010  |   32.92991   14.40376     2.29   0.022     4.699048    61.16077
                2011  |   9.856068   6.053505     1.63   0.103    -2.008584    21.72072
                2012  |   15.02311   8.514233     1.76   0.078    -1.664485     31.7107
                2013  |   4.675786   5.647746     0.83   0.408    -6.393594    15.74516
                2014  |   6.325136   5.916679     1.07   0.285    -5.271342    17.92161
                2015  |   4.338277   5.111968     0.85   0.396    -5.680997    14.35755
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |  -9.474758   3.332541    -2.84   0.004    -16.00642   -2.943098
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |  -6.215377   3.549369    -1.75   0.080    -13.17201     .741258
                      |
                _cons |   22.10739     10.766     2.05   0.040     1.006414    43.20837
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  eltpolconv polconv
Instruments:   elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2
               regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year
               1977.year 1978.year 1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year
               1984.year 1985.year 1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year
               1991.year 1992.year 1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year
               1998.year 1999.year 2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year
               2005.year 2006.year 2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year
               2012.year 2013.year 2014.year 2015.year 2.regionid 4.regionid
               englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s

. 
. reg eltpolconv elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4  rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i.r
> egionid englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s if main_sample==1 & colony==1, robust

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(56, 756)        =      20.83
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.7965
                                                Root MSE          =     .09352

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
           eltpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   .3728559    .055708     6.69   0.000     .2634952    .4822166
           lgurbanpct |  -.0004048   .0001494    -2.71   0.007    -.0006981   -.0001116
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0003467   .0009385     0.37   0.712    -.0014957    .0021892
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0503029   .0295028     1.71   0.089    -.0076144    .1082201
           regimedum2 |    .000729   .0107993     0.07   0.946    -.0204713    .0219292
           regimedum3 |  -.0101258   .0139647    -0.73   0.469      -.03754    .0172884
           regimedum4 |   .0110073   .0099021     1.11   0.267    -.0084316    .0304462
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0013342   .0094291    -0.14   0.888    -.0198445    .0171762
          chcpi_w005e |   .0056995   .0025742     2.21   0.027      .000646    .0107531
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |  -.0291095   .0326877    -0.89   0.373     -.093279    .0350599
                1977  |    .116968   .0912586     1.28   0.200    -.0621825    .2961185
                1978  |   .0083826   .0103897     0.81   0.420    -.0120136    .0287787
                1979  |   .0865229   .0376473     2.30   0.022     .0126172    .1604286
                1980  |  -.0202102   .0254048    -0.80   0.427    -.0700825    .0296622
                1981  |   .0082005   .0667064     0.12   0.902    -.1227513    .1391523
                1982  |   -.007502   .0248671    -0.30   0.763    -.0563188    .0413149
                1983  |   .0174012    .010421     1.67   0.095    -.0030563    .0378587
                1984  |   .0181494   .0369767     0.49   0.624    -.0544398    .0907386
                1985  |   .0391657   .0302891     1.29   0.196    -.0202951    .0986265
                1986  |   .0080399    .031807     0.25   0.801    -.0544008    .0704805
                1987  |   .0310506   .0211031     1.47   0.142    -.0103771    .0724783
                1988  |  -.0028977   .0168404    -0.17   0.863    -.0359573    .0301618
                1989  |   .0532264   .0359173     1.48   0.139    -.0172832     .123736
                1990  |  -.0200963   .0275796    -0.73   0.466    -.0742379    .0340454
                1991  |   .0134082   .0103853     1.29   0.197    -.0069793    .0337958
                1992  |  -.0320009    .025988    -1.23   0.219     -.083018    .0190163
                1993  |  -.0175985   .0250023    -0.70   0.482    -.0666807    .0314836
                1994  |    .023296   .0251578     0.93   0.355    -.0260915    .0726835
                1995  |   .0224765   .0182755     1.23   0.219    -.0134003    .0583533
                1996  |   .0213239   .0240448     0.89   0.375    -.0258787    .0685264
                1997  |    .040386   .0233554     1.73   0.084    -.0054631    .0862351
                1998  |   .0481784   .0201905     2.39   0.017     .0085424    .0878145
                1999  |   .0252675   .0262949     0.96   0.337    -.0263521    .0768872
                2000  |  -.0090636   .0241615    -0.38   0.708    -.0564953    .0383681
                2001  |   .0317925   .0150232     2.12   0.035     .0023003    .0612846
                2002  |   .0334748   .0145854     2.30   0.022     .0048422    .0621074
                2003  |   .0104402   .0232718     0.45   0.654    -.0352449    .0561253
                2004  |  -.0087251   .0206332    -0.42   0.673    -.0492303    .0317801
                2005  |   .0242675   .0181571     1.34   0.182    -.0113768    .0599118
                2006  |   .0174969   .0177616     0.99   0.325     -.017371    .0523649
                2007  |   .0241288   .0153434     1.57   0.116     -.005992    .0542495
                2008  |   .0027537   .0210127     0.13   0.896    -.0384965    .0440038
                2009  |   .0147736   .0219817     0.67   0.502    -.0283789    .0579261
                2010  |     .02915   .0133765     2.18   0.030     .0028905    .0554095
                2011  |   .0079277   .0131246     0.60   0.546    -.0178373    .0336928
                2012  |   .0190034   .0163075     1.17   0.244    -.0130101    .0510169
                2013  |   .0074033   .0207196     0.36   0.721    -.0332715    .0480781
                2014  |   .0063744   .0171415     0.37   0.710    -.0272761     .040025
                2015  |   .0099245   .0184701     0.54   0.591    -.0263343    .0461834
                2016  |   .0044608   .0204198     0.22   0.827    -.0356254    .0445471
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |   .0476419   .0136583     3.49   0.001     .0208291    .0744547
                   4  |   .0168166   .0109155     1.54   0.124    -.0046118    .0382449
                      |
           englishlaw |  -.0145838   .0069746    -2.09   0.037    -.0282756    -.000892
           eltenglish |   .0989355    .037319     2.65   0.008     .0256743    .1721967
             lpd1500s |  -.0076407   .0024172    -3.16   0.002     -.012386   -.0028954
          eltlpd1500s |  -.0186918   .0120754    -1.55   0.122    -.0423971    .0050135
                _cons |  -.0130125   .0114665    -1.13   0.257    -.0355224    .0094975
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. test englishlaw  eltenglish lpd1500s  eltlpd1500s

 ( 1)  englishlaw = 0
 ( 2)  eltenglish = 0
 ( 3)  lpd1500s = 0
 ( 4)  eltlpd1500s = 0

       F(  4,   756) =    4.93
            Prob > F =    0.0006

. 
. reg polconv elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4  rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i.regi
> onid englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s if main_sample==1 & colony==1, robust

Linear regression                               Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(56, 756)        =       3.89
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.2000
                                                Root MSE          =     .18667

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
              polconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -.0645453   .0619109    -1.04   0.297     -.186083    .0569925
           lgurbanpct |  -.0010703    .000505    -2.12   0.034    -.0020616    -.000079
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0004456   .0010331     0.43   0.666    -.0015824    .0024736
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0367263   .0610265     0.60   0.547    -.0830752    .1565278
           regimedum2 |  -.0072647   .0224983    -0.32   0.747    -.0514313    .0369019
           regimedum3 |   -.066153   .0326907    -2.02   0.043    -.1303283   -.0019777
           regimedum4 |   .0407638   .0202769     2.01   0.045     .0009581    .0805695
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0098676   .0432571    -0.23   0.820     -.094786    .0750508
          chcpi_w005e |   .0170416   .0036389     4.68   0.000     .0098981    .0241852
                      |
                 year |
                1976  |   .0162795   .1186294     0.14   0.891    -.2166028    .2491617
                1977  |   .0906863   .1197929     0.76   0.449    -.1444799    .3258525
                1978  |  -.0226059   .1216547    -0.19   0.853    -.2614272    .2162153
                1979  |   .0281399   .1291066     0.22   0.828    -.2253102      .28159
                1980  |  -.1204246   .1352319    -0.89   0.373    -.3858994    .1450501
                1981  |  -.0400096    .118993    -0.34   0.737    -.2736056    .1935863
                1982  |   .0568913   .1004254     0.57   0.571    -.1402544     .254037
                1983  |   .0251157   .1029214     0.24   0.807    -.1769301    .2271615
                1984  |    .028563    .104377     0.27   0.784    -.1763402    .2334663
                1985  |   .0144641    .107121     0.14   0.893    -.1958259    .2247541
                1986  |  -.0350598   .1115659    -0.31   0.753    -.2540756    .1839561
                1987  |  -.0039899    .105573    -0.04   0.970    -.2112409    .2032612
                1988  |  -.0358924     .10336    -0.35   0.728    -.2387991    .1670143
                1989  |  -.0354778   .0990314    -0.36   0.720     -.229887    .1589315
                1990  |   -.105314   .0970506    -1.09   0.278    -.2958348    .0852067
                1991  |  -.1355299   .0964149    -1.41   0.160    -.3248026    .0537428
                1992  |  -.1064278   .0954687    -1.11   0.265     -.293843    .0809874
                1993  |  -.0494684   .0940967    -0.53   0.599    -.2341903    .1352534
                1994  |  -.0428348   .0970567    -0.44   0.659    -.2333674    .1476978
                1995  |   .0696234   .0912686     0.76   0.446    -.1095466    .2487935
                1996  |   .0744903   .0922537     0.81   0.420    -.1066136    .2555942
                1997  |   .0615114    .091409     0.67   0.501    -.1179343    .2409572
                1998  |   .0442291   .0930551     0.48   0.635     -.138448    .2269061
                1999  |    .007443   .0959376     0.08   0.938    -.1808928    .1957788
                2000  |  -.0373536   .0952041    -0.39   0.695    -.2242494    .1495422
                2001  |  -.0250951    .094777    -0.26   0.791    -.2111525    .1609622
                2002  |  -.0600064   .0948298    -0.63   0.527    -.2461675    .1261547
                2003  |  -.0600286   .0946858    -0.63   0.526    -.2459071    .1258498
                2004  |  -.0516492   .0955841    -0.54   0.589    -.2392911    .1359926
                2005  |  -.0328007   .0968824    -0.34   0.735    -.2229911    .1573897
                2006  |  -.0201155   .0963625    -0.21   0.835    -.2092853    .1690543
                2007  |   .0005199   .0956581     0.01   0.996    -.1872672     .188307
                2008  |  -.0284927   .0946121    -0.30   0.763    -.2142264    .1572411
                2009  |  -.0228483    .094941    -0.24   0.810    -.2092275     .163531
                2010  |  -.0541959   .0945456    -0.57   0.567    -.2397991    .1314072
                2011  |  -.0348538   .0930623    -0.37   0.708     -.217545    .1478374
                2012  |  -.0440007   .0938953    -0.47   0.639    -.2283271    .1403258
                2013  |  -.0385122   .0947135    -0.41   0.684     -.224445    .1474206
                2014  |  -.0680418   .0933319    -0.73   0.466    -.2512623    .1151787
                2015  |  -.0506298   .0927365    -0.55   0.585    -.2326814    .1314219
                2016  |  -.0677434   .0950417    -0.71   0.476    -.2543204    .1188337
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |    .172575   .0294882     5.85   0.000     .1146864    .2304635
                   4  |   .0181352   .0201494     0.90   0.368    -.0214203    .0576907
                      |
           englishlaw |   .0055017   .0223659     0.25   0.806     -.038405    .0494083
           eltenglish |   .0217335   .0407431     0.53   0.594    -.0582495    .1017166
             lpd1500s |  -.0530117   .0074985    -7.07   0.000    -.0677322   -.0382913
          eltlpd1500s |   .0000958   .0130859     0.01   0.994    -.0255932    .0257848
                _cons |    .490387   .0914811     5.36   0.000     .3107999    .6699742
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. test englishlaw  eltenglish lpd1500s  eltlpd1500s

 ( 1)  englishlaw = 0
 ( 2)  eltenglish = 0
 ( 3)  lpd1500s = 0
 ( 4)  eltlpd1500s = 0

       F(  4,   756) =   15.90
            Prob > F =    0.0000

. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Results for Additional Notes on Supplemental Table S7
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt  (eltlnpolconv lnpolconv =englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s) lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt
>   chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i.regionid if main_sample==1 & colony==1, fi
> rst robust
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample

First-stage regressions
-----------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(  56,    756)   =     163.38
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.9207
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.9149
                                                Root MSE          =     0.4414

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
         eltlnpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   3.146934   .2970239    10.59   0.000     2.563844    3.730024
           lgurbanpct |   -.002025   .0008077    -2.51   0.012    -.0036107   -.0004394
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0043814   .0046376     0.94   0.345    -.0047227    .0134855
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |     .26386    .130347     2.02   0.043     .0079749    .5197451
           regimedum2 |   .0250919   .0569804     0.44   0.660    -.0867667    .1369505
           regimedum3 |   .0282789   .0630621     0.45   0.654    -.0955188    .1520766
           regimedum4 |   .0348246    .055835     0.62   0.533    -.0747855    .1444346
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0276771   .0427803    -0.65   0.518    -.1116595    .0563053
          chcpi_w005e |   .0186664   .0068431     2.73   0.007     .0052327       .0321
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   .0125996   .1564397     0.08   0.936    -.2945082    .3197074
                1976  |   .0225179    .169374     0.13   0.894    -.3099815    .3550172
                1977  |   .3750864   .2697388     1.39   0.165    -.1544397    .9046124
                1978  |   .0265384   .1595294     0.17   0.868    -.2866347    .3397116
                1979  |   .2803943   .1939921     1.45   0.149    -.1004331    .6612216
                1980  |  -.0277469   .1659538    -0.17   0.867    -.3535319    .2980381
                1981  |  -.1868345   .4712734    -0.40   0.692    -1.111995    .7383255
                1982  |   .0163781    .165021     0.10   0.921    -.3075758     .340332
                1983  |   .0755523   .1529165     0.49   0.621    -.2246391    .3757438
                1984  |   .1015412   .1959643     0.52   0.604    -.2831576    .4862401
                1985  |   .2068255   .1787964     1.16   0.248     -.144171     .557822
                1986  |   .0500929   .1711148     0.29   0.770    -.2858237    .3860096
                1987  |   .1057721   .1599504     0.66   0.509    -.2082277    .4197718
                1988  |   .0301764   .1632082     0.18   0.853    -.2902188    .3505715
                1989  |   .2335703   .1900928     1.23   0.220    -.1396022    .6067427
                1990  |  -.1274302    .248076    -0.51   0.608    -.6144299    .3595695
                1991  |   .0842272   .1543435     0.55   0.585    -.2187657    .3872201
                1992  |  -.2289018   .2633968    -0.87   0.385    -.7459778    .2881742
                1993  |  -.0751384   .2302029    -0.33   0.744    -.5270514    .3767746
                1994  |   .0388688   .2200649     0.18   0.860    -.3931422    .4708798
                1995  |   .1149186   .1510288     0.76   0.447    -.1815671    .4114043
                1996  |   .0790687   .1729206     0.46   0.648    -.2603928    .4185303
                1997  |   .1535685   .1599641     0.96   0.337    -.1604582    .4675952
                1998  |   .1992381   .1624434     1.23   0.220    -.1196557    .5181319
                1999  |   .0711963   .2184685     0.33   0.745    -.3576806    .5000733
                2000  |  -.1627917    .246232    -0.66   0.509    -.6461714     .320588
                2001  |   .1737772   .1579598     1.10   0.272    -.1363147    .4838691
                2002  |   .1482812   .1522519     0.97   0.330    -.1506056     .447168
                2003  |   .1211385   .1632188     0.74   0.458    -.1992775    .4415544
                2004  |   .0375844   .1627508     0.23   0.817    -.2819128    .3570817
                2005  |   .1387589   .1571574     0.88   0.378    -.1697579    .4472758
                2006  |   .1155658   .1526829     0.76   0.449     -.184167    .4152987
                2007  |   .1205132   .1510549     0.80   0.425    -.1760237    .4170501
                2008  |    .070248   .1581869     0.44   0.657    -.2402898    .3807857
                2009  |   .1298448   .1635095     0.79   0.427    -.1911418    .4508314
                2010  |   .1580128   .1462737     1.08   0.280    -.1291381    .4451638
                2011  |   .1082026   .1496575     0.72   0.470    -.1855911    .4019962
                2012  |   .0937574   .1489594     0.63   0.529    -.1986659    .3861806
                2013  |   .1411421   .1541579     0.92   0.360    -.1614863    .4437706
                2014  |   .1093645   .1467037     0.75   0.456    -.1786305    .3973596
                2015  |   .1117461   .1547281     0.72   0.470    -.1920017    .4154938
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |   .1641471   .0562278     2.92   0.004      .053766    .2745282
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |   .1156758   .0659294     1.75   0.080    -.0137506    .2451022
                      |
           englishlaw |  -.0235532   .0305659    -0.77   0.441    -.0835574     .036451
           eltenglish |   .4302475   .1818233     2.37   0.018      .073309    .7871861
             lpd1500s |  -.0246153   .0098129    -2.51   0.012     -.043879   -.0053516
          eltlpd1500s |   -.049672   .0429207    -1.16   0.248    -.1339299    .0345858
                _cons |  -.0973679    .141358    -0.69   0.491    -.3748687     .180133
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(  56,    756)   =       2.87
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.1589
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.0966
                                                Root MSE          =     0.6901

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
            lnpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -.4256116   .3146709    -1.35   0.177    -1.043344     .192121
           lgurbanpct |  -.0027606    .001881    -1.47   0.143    -.0064532     .000932
        lgurbanpctelt |    .002799   .0049671     0.56   0.573     -.006952      .01255
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .1092314   .2176493     0.50   0.616    -.3180374    .5365002
           regimedum2 |   .1089351   .0995943     1.09   0.274    -.0865791    .3044493
           regimedum3 |  -.0154829   .1194894    -0.13   0.897    -.2500533    .2190875
           regimedum4 |   .1918484   .0895073     2.14   0.032      .016136    .3675608
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0251716   .0926911    -0.27   0.786     -.207134    .1567909
          chcpi_w005e |   .0451211   .0085964     5.25   0.000     .0282455    .0619967
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   .1440251    .256086     0.56   0.574     -.358699    .6467493
                1976  |   .2321026   .2319195     1.00   0.317    -.2231802    .6873854
                1977  |   .4318514   .2632055     1.64   0.101    -.0848491    .9485519
                1978  |   .0811622    .274456     0.30   0.768    -.4576244    .6199487
                1979  |   .2166134   .2973085     0.73   0.466     -.367035    .8002617
                1980  |  -.8930113   .6925297    -1.29   0.198    -2.252521    .4664986
                1981  |  -.1674641   .4895186    -0.34   0.732    -1.128441    .7935133
                1982  |   .2958317   .2103262     1.41   0.160    -.1170611    .7087245
                1983  |   .2113083   .2175546     0.97   0.332    -.2157747    .6383913
                1984  |   .2285866    .235213     0.97   0.331    -.2331616    .6903348
                1985  |   .2144427   .2410798     0.89   0.374    -.2588227     .687708
                1986  |   -.133378   .3574945    -0.37   0.709    -.8351778    .5684219
                1987  |   .1254741    .230914     0.54   0.587    -.3278347    .5787828
                1988  |  -.0895223    .319148    -0.28   0.779    -.7160441    .5369994
                1989  |   .1334934   .2262101     0.59   0.555    -.3105811     .577568
                1990  |  -.1919185   .2741371    -0.70   0.484    -.7300789     .346242
                1991  |  -.3583293   .2987384    -1.20   0.231    -.9447846    .2281261
                1992  |  -.3589707   .3250763    -1.10   0.270    -.9971301    .2791888
                1993  |  -.0082942   .2551075    -0.03   0.974    -.5090975    .4925091
                1994  |   -.098877   .2987741    -0.33   0.741    -.6854025    .4876484
                1995  |   .3866412   .1810793     2.14   0.033     .0311633    .7421192
                1996  |   .3548674    .199164     1.78   0.075    -.0361128    .7458476
                1997  |   .3717335   .1839806     2.02   0.044       .01056     .732907
                1998  |   .3407732   .1905806     1.79   0.074    -.0333569    .7149034
                1999  |   .0639585   .2923065     0.22   0.827    -.5098703    .6377874
                2000  |  -.0694763   .2702537    -0.26   0.797    -.6000133    .4610606
                2001  |   .1693439   .2034554     0.83   0.405    -.2300607    .5687485
                2002  |   .0943235   .1996278     0.47   0.637    -.2975673    .4862142
                2003  |   .1181468    .201954     0.59   0.559    -.2783105    .5146041
                2004  |   .0969664   .2064368     0.47   0.639    -.3082911     .502224
                2005  |   .1461609   .2099044     0.70   0.486    -.2659038    .5582256
                2006  |   .1811842   .2068273     0.88   0.381    -.2248399    .5872084
                2007  |   .2457573    .199288     1.23   0.218    -.1454663     .636981
                2008  |    .164546   .2007258     0.82   0.413    -.2295001    .5585922
                2009  |   .1791801    .204266     0.88   0.381    -.2218159    .5801762
                2010  |   .0992259   .1910607     0.52   0.604    -.2758466    .4742984
                2011  |   .1684383    .188296     0.89   0.371    -.2012069    .5380835
                2012  |   .1154118   .1928612     0.60   0.550    -.2631952    .4940189
                2013  |   .1844634   .1930245     0.96   0.340    -.1944643     .563391
                2014  |   .0913043   .1905595     0.48   0.632    -.2827844     .465393
                2015  |   .1691071   .1870881     0.90   0.366    -.1981669    .5363811
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |   .4270967   .1019383     4.19   0.000      .226981    .6272124
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |   .1528686   .0908734     1.68   0.093    -.0255256    .3312629
                      |
           englishlaw |    .060927   .0862575     0.71   0.480    -.1084058    .2302597
           eltenglish |   .2420554   .1899168     1.27   0.203    -.1307715    .6148823
             lpd1500s |  -.1039748   .0242617    -4.29   0.000    -.1516032   -.0563465
          eltlpd1500s |  -.0311491   .0472485    -0.66   0.510     -.123903    .0616047
                _cons |   3.466884   .2063193    16.80   0.000     3.061857    3.871911
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        813
                                                  Wald chi2(54)   =     139.13
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.0420
                                                  Root MSE        =     31.227

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
         eltlnpolconv |    31.3963   15.92228     1.97   0.049     .1892132    62.60339
            lnpolconv |  -14.78891   13.48311    -1.10   0.273    -41.21533     11.6375
                  elt |  -117.9823   57.70652    -2.04   0.041     -231.085    -4.87962
           lgurbanpct |  -.1295335   .0746168    -1.74   0.083    -.2757798    .0167129
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0717117    .104624     0.69   0.493    -.1333476    .2767709
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   3.433437   11.03091     0.31   0.756    -18.18674    25.05361
           regimedum2 |  -.6847369   3.396034    -0.20   0.840    -7.340842    5.971368
           regimedum3 |    -1.1073   3.390906    -0.33   0.744    -7.753353    5.538753
           regimedum4 |   4.311835   4.367494     0.99   0.324    -4.248296    12.87197
          rpt_for_elt |  -9.737926   5.183407    -1.88   0.060    -19.89722    .4213656
          chcpi_w005e |   .3004457   1.089097     0.28   0.783    -1.834145    2.435036
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   21.38286   15.49407     1.38   0.168    -8.984963    51.75069
                1976  |   8.468114   7.634403     1.11   0.267    -6.495042    23.43127
                1977  |   1.857612   7.220665     0.26   0.797    -12.29463    16.00986
                1978  |   15.68776   8.442545     1.86   0.063    -.8593225    32.23484
                1979  |   17.44591   10.96986     1.59   0.112    -4.054628    38.94645
                1980  |  -12.66231   20.82419    -0.61   0.543    -53.47698    28.15235
                1981  |    1.34393   8.936178     0.15   0.880    -16.17066    18.85852
                1982  |   5.187183   9.681405     0.54   0.592    -13.78802    24.16239
                1983  |  -4.123669   6.463912    -0.64   0.524     -16.7927    8.545367
                1984  |  -.4598643   8.648112    -0.05   0.958    -17.40985    16.49012
                1985  |  -4.447326   6.783785    -0.66   0.512     -17.7433    8.848648
                1986  |   11.89048   9.732469     1.22   0.222    -7.184812    30.96577
                1987  |   11.26523   6.908141     1.63   0.103    -2.274482    24.80493
                1988  |   12.47547   8.252952     1.51   0.131    -3.700015    28.65096
                1989  |   5.290601   6.922629     0.76   0.445    -8.277503    18.85871
                1990  |   16.62456   7.315815     2.27   0.023     2.285826    30.96329
                1991  |  -2.454411   9.260611    -0.27   0.791    -20.60488    15.69605
                1992  |   8.175236   7.414954     1.10   0.270    -6.357807    22.70828
                1993  |   17.16628   6.441888     2.66   0.008      4.54041    29.79215
                1994  |   12.02895   6.431967     1.87   0.061    -.5774767    24.63537
                1995  |   18.04493   15.41864     1.17   0.242    -12.17504     48.2649
                1996  |   3.062219   7.517876     0.41   0.684    -11.67255    17.79698
                1997  |   13.02826   7.738518     1.68   0.092    -2.138958    28.19548
                1998  |   4.067888   7.153253     0.57   0.570     -9.95223    18.08801
                1999  |  -1.786635   6.551875    -0.27   0.785    -14.62807     11.0548
                2000  |   17.06187   8.301303     2.06   0.040     .7916147    33.33212
                2001  |  -1.044331   6.645644    -0.16   0.875    -14.06955    11.98089
                2002  |    4.63585   10.67103     0.43   0.664    -16.27898    25.55068
                2003  |   9.902198   7.761984     1.28   0.202    -5.311011    25.11541
                2004  |   16.83473   6.450137     2.61   0.009     4.192692    29.47676
                2005  |   20.95247   8.448176     2.48   0.013     4.394351    37.51059
                2006  |   15.29831   5.450118     2.81   0.005     4.616269    25.98034
                2007  |   7.661342   7.127829     1.07   0.282    -6.308946    21.63163
                2008  |   17.85269   11.31822     1.58   0.115    -4.330608    40.03598
                2009  |    -10.686   6.053562    -1.77   0.078    -22.55077    1.178759
                2010  |   31.48235     14.476     2.17   0.030     3.109915    59.85479
                2011  |   8.469685   6.465694     1.31   0.190    -4.202842    21.14221
                2012  |   14.32969   8.849088     1.62   0.105    -3.014202    31.67358
                2013  |    2.38571   6.229485     0.38   0.702    -9.823856    14.59528
                2014  |   4.545041   6.051562     0.75   0.453    -7.315802    16.40588
                2015  |   3.433936   5.586771     0.61   0.539    -7.515933    14.38381
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |  -8.745863   3.365326    -2.60   0.009    -15.34178   -2.149946
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |  -6.595518   3.470825    -1.90   0.057    -13.39821    .2071749
                      |
                _cons |   65.35721   47.36392     1.38   0.168    -27.47437    158.1888
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  eltlnpolconv lnpolconv
Instruments:   elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2
               regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year
               1977.year 1978.year 1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year
               1984.year 1985.year 1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year
               1991.year 1992.year 1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year
               1998.year 1999.year 2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year
               2005.year 2006.year 2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year
               2012.year 2013.year 2014.year 2015.year 2.regionid 4.regionid
               englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s

. estat endogenous

  Tests of endogeneity
  Ho: variables are exogenous

  Robust score chi2(2)            =   3.0864  (p = 0.2137)
  Robust regression F(2,756)      =  1.44115  (p = 0.2373)

. estat firststage ,all

  First-stage regression summary statistics
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |            Adjusted      Partial       Robust
      Variable |   R-sq.       R-sq.        R-sq.      F(4,756)   Prob > F
  -------------+------------------------------------------------------------
  eltlnpolconv |  0.9207      0.9149       0.0445       3.34482    0.0100
     lnpolconv |  0.1589      0.0966       0.0407       8.18681    0.0000
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Shea's partial R-squared
  --------------------------------------------------
               |     Shea's             Shea's
      Variable |  Partial R-sq.   Adj. Partial R-sq.
  -------------+------------------------------------
  eltlnpolconv |     0.0317             -0.0484
     lnpolconv |     0.0290             -0.0513
  --------------------------------------------------


. estat overid

  Test of overidentifying restrictions:

  Score chi2(2)          =  1.27781  (p = 0.5279)

. 
. ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e elt  (eltpolconv polconv =englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s) lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chl
> grealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  i.year i.regionid if main_sample==1 & colony==1, first ro
> bust
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.regionid identifies no observations in the sample

First-stage regressions
-----------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(  56,    756)   =      20.64
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.7965
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.7814
                                                Root MSE          =     0.0935

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
           eltpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   .3728559   .0559677     6.66   0.000     .2629854    .4827265
           lgurbanpct |  -.0004048   .0001501    -2.70   0.007    -.0006995   -.0001102
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0003467   .0009429     0.37   0.713    -.0015043    .0021978
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0503029   .0296404     1.70   0.090    -.0078844    .1084901
           regimedum2 |    .000729   .0108497     0.07   0.946    -.0205701     .022028
           regimedum3 |  -.0101258   .0140298    -0.72   0.471    -.0376678    .0174162
           regimedum4 |   .0110073   .0099483     1.11   0.269    -.0085223    .0305368
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0013342   .0094731    -0.14   0.888    -.0199308    .0172625
          chcpi_w005e |   .0056995   .0025862     2.20   0.028     .0006225    .0107766
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |  -.0044608    .020515    -0.22   0.828     -.044734    .0358123
                1976  |  -.0335704     .03692    -0.91   0.363    -.1060483    .0389075
                1977  |   .1125072   .0934684     1.20   0.229    -.0709814    .2959957
                1978  |   .0039217   .0207628     0.19   0.850    -.0368379    .0446813
                1979  |    .082062   .0410701     2.00   0.046     .0014371     .162687
                1980  |   -.024671   .0314369    -0.78   0.433     -.086385     .037043
                1981  |   .0037397   .0708659     0.05   0.958    -.1353776     .142857
                1982  |  -.0119628   .0295945    -0.40   0.686    -.0700601    .0461344
                1983  |   .0129403   .0187007     0.69   0.489    -.0237712    .0496519
                1984  |   .0136885   .0415232     0.33   0.742    -.0678259    .0952029
                1985  |   .0347049   .0337721     1.03   0.304    -.0315934    .1010032
                1986  |    .003579   .0356802     0.10   0.920     -.066465    .0736231
                1987  |   .0265898   .0263077     1.01   0.312    -.0250551    .0782347
                1988  |  -.0073586   .0245878    -0.30   0.765    -.0556271    .0409099
                1989  |   .0487655   .0400406     1.22   0.224    -.0298385    .1273696
                1990  |  -.0245571   .0333239    -0.74   0.461    -.0899755    .0408612
                1991  |   .0089474   .0192365     0.47   0.642    -.0288159    .0467107
                1992  |  -.0364617   .0324776    -1.12   0.262    -.1002187    .0272952
                1993  |  -.0220594   .0300485    -0.73   0.463    -.0810478     .036929
                1994  |   .0188352   .0301536     0.62   0.532    -.0403595    .0780298
                1995  |   .0180157   .0231118     0.78   0.436    -.0273552    .0633866
                1996  |    .016863   .0295426     0.57   0.568    -.0411322    .0748583
                1997  |   .0359252    .028275     1.27   0.204    -.0195817     .091432
                1998  |   .0437176   .0255234     1.71   0.087    -.0063875    .0938227
                1999  |   .0208067   .0310371     0.67   0.503    -.0401225    .0817358
                2000  |  -.0135245   .0296241    -0.46   0.648    -.0716797    .0446307
                2001  |   .0273316   .0215504     1.27   0.205    -.0149741    .0696373
                2002  |   .0290139   .0209755     1.38   0.167    -.0121632    .0701911
                2003  |   .0059793   .0275288     0.22   0.828    -.0480627    .0600214
                2004  |  -.0131859   .0254569    -0.52   0.605    -.0631605    .0367886
                2005  |   .0198067   .0241656     0.82   0.413     -.027633    .0672463
                2006  |   .0130361   .0227582     0.57   0.567    -.0316407    .0577129
                2007  |   .0196679   .0223979     0.88   0.380    -.0243016    .0636374
                2008  |  -.0017072   .0259227    -0.07   0.948    -.0525961    .0491818
                2009  |   .0103127   .0284545     0.36   0.717    -.0455464    .0661719
                2010  |   .0246891   .0193514     1.28   0.202    -.0132998    .0626781
                2011  |   .0034669   .0205414     0.17   0.866    -.0368582    .0437919
                2012  |   .0145425   .0233203     0.62   0.533    -.0312377    .0603228
                2013  |   .0029425   .0253726     0.12   0.908    -.0468666    .0527515
                2014  |   .0019136   .0223685     0.09   0.932    -.0419981    .0458253
                2015  |   .0054637    .023359     0.23   0.815    -.0403926    .0513199
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |   .0476419    .013722     3.47   0.001     .0207041    .0745797
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |   .0168166   .0109664     1.53   0.126    -.0047117    .0383448
                      |
           englishlaw |  -.0145838   .0070071    -2.08   0.038    -.0283395   -.0008281
           eltenglish |   .0989355    .037493     2.64   0.008     .0253327    .1725382
             lpd1500s |  -.0076407   .0024285    -3.15   0.002    -.0124082   -.0028733
          eltlpd1500s |  -.0186918   .0121317    -1.54   0.124    -.0425076     .005124
                _cons |  -.0085516   .0174176    -0.49   0.624    -.0427441    .0256409
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        813
                                                F(  56,    756)   =       3.85
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0000
                                                R-squared         =     0.2000
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.1407
                                                Root MSE          =     0.1867

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
              polconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -.0645453   .0621995    -1.04   0.300    -.1866496    .0575591
           lgurbanpct |  -.0010703   .0005073    -2.11   0.035    -.0020662   -.0000743
        lgurbanpctelt |   .0004456   .0010379     0.43   0.668    -.0015918    .0024831
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0367263    .061311     0.60   0.549    -.0836337    .1570863
           regimedum2 |  -.0072647   .0226032    -0.32   0.748    -.0516372    .0371078
           regimedum3 |   -.066153   .0328431    -2.01   0.044    -.1306275   -.0016785
           regimedum4 |   .0407638   .0203714     2.00   0.046     .0007725    .0807551
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0098676   .0434588    -0.23   0.820    -.0951819    .0754467
          chcpi_w005e |   .0170416   .0036559     4.66   0.000     .0098648    .0242185
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   .0677434   .0954848     0.71   0.478    -.1197035    .2551903
                1976  |   .0840228   .0900002     0.93   0.351    -.0926571    .2607028
                1977  |   .1584297   .0911728     1.74   0.083    -.0205523    .3374116
                1978  |   .0451374   .0954006     0.47   0.636    -.1421441     .232419
                1979  |   .0958833   .1043631     0.92   0.359    -.1089927    .3007593
                1980  |  -.0526812   .1128048    -0.47   0.641    -.2741292    .1687667
                1981  |   .0277338   .0917301     0.30   0.762    -.1523422    .2078097
                1982  |   .1246347   .0636955     1.96   0.051    -.0004064    .2496758
                1983  |   .0928591    .066673     1.39   0.164    -.0380271    .2237452
                1984  |   .0963064   .0690523     1.39   0.164    -.0392507    .2318635
                1985  |   .0822075   .0736351     1.12   0.265    -.0623461     .226761
                1986  |   .0326836   .0785855     0.42   0.678    -.1215881    .1869554
                1987  |   .0637535    .071731     0.89   0.374     -.077062    .2045691
                1988  |    .031851   .0689369     0.46   0.644    -.1034796    .1671815
                1989  |   .0322656   .0608057     0.53   0.596    -.0871024    .1516336
                1990  |  -.0375706   .0575535    -0.65   0.514    -.1505543     .075413
                1991  |  -.0677865   .0551685    -1.23   0.220    -.1760881    .0405151
                1992  |  -.0386844   .0549071    -0.70   0.481     -.146473    .0691042
                1993  |   .0182749   .0519357     0.35   0.725    -.0836804    .1202303
                1994  |   .0249086   .0568226     0.44   0.661    -.0866403    .1364575
                1995  |   .1373668   .0456033     3.01   0.003     .0478427     .226891
                1996  |   .1422337   .0488815     2.91   0.004     .0462741    .2381933
                1997  |   .1292548   .0464383     2.78   0.006     .0380914    .2204183
                1998  |   .1119724   .0489465     2.29   0.022     .0158853    .2080596
                1999  |   .0751864   .0538011     1.40   0.163     -.030431    .1808038
                2000  |   .0303898    .052322     0.58   0.562    -.0723239    .1331035
                2001  |   .0426483   .0521671     0.82   0.414    -.0597614    .1450579
                2002  |    .007737   .0515701     0.15   0.881    -.0935007    .1089747
                2003  |   .0077147   .0531075     0.15   0.885     -.096541    .1119705
                2004  |   .0160942   .0551511     0.29   0.771    -.0921733    .1243617
                2005  |   .0349427   .0561701     0.62   0.534    -.0753253    .1452106
                2006  |   .0476279   .0549419     0.87   0.386     -.060229    .1554847
                2007  |   .0682633   .0532807     1.28   0.201    -.0363324     .172859
                2008  |   .0392507   .0527724     0.74   0.457    -.0643472    .1428486
                2009  |   .0448951   .0537216     0.84   0.404     -.060566    .1503563
                2010  |   .0135475   .0504214     0.27   0.788    -.0854352    .1125302
                2011  |   .0328896   .0491968     0.67   0.504    -.0636891    .1294682
                2012  |   .0237427   .0515049     0.46   0.645    -.0773668    .1248523
                2013  |   .0292312   .0507417     0.58   0.565    -.0703801    .1288425
                2014  |  -.0002984   .0482978    -0.01   0.995    -.0951122    .0945154
                2015  |   .0171136   .0469256     0.36   0.715    -.0750063    .1092335
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |    .172575   .0296257     5.83   0.000     .1144166    .2307334
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |   .0181352   .0202434     0.90   0.371    -.0216048    .0578751
                      |
           englishlaw |   .0055017   .0224702     0.24   0.807    -.0386097     .049613
           eltenglish |   .0217335    .040933     0.53   0.596    -.0586224    .1020894
             lpd1500s |  -.0530117   .0075335    -7.04   0.000    -.0678008   -.0382227
          eltlpd1500s |   .0000958   .0131469     0.01   0.994     -.025713    .0259046
                _cons |   .4226437   .0456339     9.26   0.000     .3330594    .5122279
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        813
                                                  Wald chi2(54)   =     147.69
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.0821
                                                  Root MSE        =     30.567

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           eltpolconv |   94.37062   50.27511     1.88   0.061    -4.166785     192.908
              polconv |  -24.51615   25.22874    -0.97   0.331    -73.96357    24.93126
                  elt |   -47.0652   21.47858    -2.19   0.028    -89.16245   -4.967961
           lgurbanpct |  -.1428244   .0744219    -1.92   0.055    -.2886887    .0030399
        lgurbanpctelt |    .107086    .103739     1.03   0.302    -.0962386    .3104106
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   5.938687   11.00038     0.54   0.589    -15.62166    27.49903
           regimedum2 |  -1.822869   2.912995    -0.63   0.531    -7.532234    3.886497
           regimedum3 |  -.8625179   3.297163    -0.26   0.794    -7.324839    5.599803
           regimedum4 |   2.574737   3.325851     0.77   0.439    -3.943811    9.093284
          rpt_for_elt |  -10.40621   5.137132    -2.03   0.043     -20.4748   -.3376109
          chcpi_w005e |   .0806233   1.058651     0.08   0.939    -1.994294    2.155541
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   21.67624   14.93104     1.45   0.147     -7.58805    50.94054
                1976  |   11.40669   7.318646     1.56   0.119     -2.93759    25.75098
                1977  |    .472432   7.942021     0.06   0.953    -15.09364    16.03851
                1978  |   16.03141   8.212889     1.95   0.051    -.0655532    32.12838
                1979  |   17.49065     11.701     1.49   0.135    -5.442895     40.4242
                1980  |   .7787888   11.97659     0.07   0.948     -22.6949    24.25248
                1981  |  -1.847809   7.384972    -0.25   0.802    -16.32209    12.62647
                1982  |    5.65772   9.462514     0.60   0.550    -12.88847    24.20391
                1983  |  -3.801213   5.984041    -0.64   0.525    -15.52972    7.927291
                1984  |   .4517903   8.300653     0.05   0.957    -15.81719    16.72077
                1985  |  -2.510587   6.665594    -0.38   0.706    -15.57491    10.55374
                1986  |     15.889   8.578745     1.85   0.064    -.9250352    32.70303
                1987  |   11.71537   6.483753     1.81   0.071    -.9925548    24.42329
                1988  |   16.28376   6.945389     2.34   0.019     2.671051    29.89648
                1989  |   6.742951   6.645543     1.01   0.310    -6.282074    19.76798
                1990  |   17.08075   6.688578     2.55   0.011     3.971381    30.19013
                1991  |   2.928199   6.434477     0.46   0.649    -9.683143    15.53954
                1992  |   8.657692   5.994024     1.44   0.149    -3.090379    20.40576
                1993  |   17.51743   5.866406     2.99   0.003     6.019486    29.01538
                1994  |   13.58373   7.088131     1.92   0.055    -.3087529    27.47621
                1995  |   17.71823   14.71795     1.20   0.229    -11.12842    46.56489
                1996  |   2.271099   6.787495     0.33   0.738    -11.03215    15.57434
                1997  |   12.17932   7.081483     1.72   0.085    -1.700132    26.05877
                1998  |   3.818173   6.582378     0.58   0.562    -9.083051     16.7194
                1999  |  -.6362874   5.663608    -0.11   0.911    -11.73675    10.46418
                2000  |    15.0289   7.452944     2.02   0.044     .4213937     29.6364
                2001  |   .3856722   6.157442     0.06   0.950    -11.68269    12.45404
                2002  |   5.352879   10.40116     0.51   0.607    -15.03302    25.73878
                2003  |   11.69264   7.274262     1.61   0.108    -2.564653    25.94993
                2004  |   18.21481   5.943952     3.06   0.002     6.564874    29.86474
                2005  |   22.23816    8.03487     2.77   0.006     6.490109    37.98622
                2006  |   16.09756   4.767697     3.38   0.001      6.75304    25.44207
                2007  |   7.796114   6.405227     1.22   0.224    -4.757901    20.35013
                2008  |   18.88928   11.09387     1.70   0.089    -2.854306    40.63286
                2009  |   -9.17834   5.338306    -1.72   0.086    -19.64123    1.284548
                2010  |   32.92991   14.40376     2.29   0.022     4.699048    61.16077
                2011  |   9.856068   6.053505     1.63   0.103    -2.008584    21.72072
                2012  |   15.02311   8.514233     1.76   0.078    -1.664485     31.7107
                2013  |   4.675786   5.647746     0.83   0.408    -6.393594    15.74516
                2014  |   6.325136   5.916679     1.07   0.285    -5.271342    17.92161
                2015  |   4.338277   5.111968     0.85   0.396    -5.680997    14.35755
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             regionid |
                   2  |  -9.474758   3.332541    -2.84   0.004    -16.00642   -2.943098
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |  -6.215377   3.549369    -1.75   0.080    -13.17201     .741258
                      |
                _cons |   22.10739     10.766     2.05   0.040     1.006414    43.20837
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  eltpolconv polconv
Instruments:   elt lgurbanpct lgurbanpctelt chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2
               regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year
               1977.year 1978.year 1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year
               1984.year 1985.year 1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year
               1991.year 1992.year 1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year
               1998.year 1999.year 2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year
               2005.year 2006.year 2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year
               2012.year 2013.year 2014.year 2015.year 2.regionid 4.regionid
               englishlaw eltenglish lpd1500s eltlpd1500s

. estat endogenous

  Tests of endogeneity
  Ho: variables are exogenous

  Robust score chi2(2)            =  2.40174  (p = 0.3009)
  Robust regression F(2,756)      =  1.12628  (p = 0.3248)

. estat firststage ,all

  First-stage regression summary statistics
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |            Adjusted      Partial       Robust
      Variable |   R-sq.       R-sq.        R-sq.      F(4,756)   Prob > F
  -------------+------------------------------------------------------------
    eltpolconv |  0.7965      0.7814       0.0625       4.93238    0.0006
       polconv |  0.2000      0.1407       0.0885       15.8961    0.0000
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Shea's partial R-squared
  --------------------------------------------------
               |     Shea's             Shea's
      Variable |  Partial R-sq.   Adj. Partial R-sq.
  -------------+------------------------------------
    eltpolconv |     0.0532             -0.0251
       polconv |     0.0753             -0.0011
  --------------------------------------------------


. estat overid

  Test of overidentifying restrictions:

  Score chi2(2)          =  1.76215  (p = 0.4143)

. ////////////////////
> 
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> //Supplemental Table S8. Estimates for 2nd-stage Control Variables, Table 3
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * Supplemental Table S8 shows estimates and corresponding standard errors for control variables for analyses shown in Table 3.
. * Please run commands under heading "Table 3. Endogenous Political Institutions and Urbanization" for results in table.
. 
. 
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> //Supplemental Table S9. Control Variable Estimates for Table 4
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * Supplemental Table S9 shows estimates and corresponding standard errors for control variables for analyses shown in Table 4.
. * Please run commands under heading "Table 4. Presidential Systems with Fixed Elections" for results in table.
. 
. 
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Supplemental Table S10, Panel A. Endogenous Discretionary Elections, 2nd-stage Estimates
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * (1) ln Institutional Constraints
. eststo: ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e (elt eltlnpolconv =termover termoverlnpolconv) lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 
> regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  i.year i.countryid if pfix0_sample==1 & president_fixed==0, robust
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 4.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 6.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 7.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 8.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 10.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 12.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 14.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 15.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 16.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 17.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 18.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 19.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 20.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 21.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 22.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 23.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 24.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 25.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 26.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 28.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 29.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 30.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 31.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 32.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 33.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 34.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 35.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 36.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 37.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 38.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 39.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 40.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 41.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 43.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 44.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 47.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 48.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 49.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 50.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 51.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 53.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 54.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 55.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 57.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 58.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 61.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 62.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 63.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 64.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 66.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 67.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 69.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 71.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 73.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 74.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 76.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 77.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 78.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 79.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 80.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 83.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 84.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 85.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 87.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 88.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 89.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 90.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 91.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 92.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 93.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 94.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 95.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 96.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 97.countryid identifies no observations in the sample

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        436
                                                  Wald chi2(70)   =     160.54
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.1706
                                                  Root MSE        =     23.066

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -67.72428   45.68564    -1.48   0.138    -157.2665    21.81793
         eltlnpolconv |   14.86657   11.05008     1.35   0.179     -6.79119    36.52434
            lnpolconv |  -4.069071   4.754827    -0.86   0.392    -13.38836    5.250219
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   1.912575   28.31109     0.07   0.946    -53.57615     57.4013
           regimedum2 |  -7.771218   3.682283    -2.11   0.035    -14.98836   -.5540761
           regimedum3 |   -11.4542   6.850478    -1.67   0.095    -24.88089     1.97249
           regimedum4 |  -8.310667   4.526086    -1.84   0.066    -17.18163    .5602993
          rpt_for_elt |   .0725241   8.352027     0.01   0.993    -16.29715     16.4422
          chcpi_w005e |   2.526813   11.95989     0.21   0.833    -20.91415    25.96777
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   20.02076   18.05794     1.11   0.268    -15.37216    55.41368
                1976  |   9.072861   9.248271     0.98   0.327    -9.053417    27.19914
                1977  |   8.126182   6.053065     1.34   0.179    -3.737608    19.98997
                1978  |   15.30313   8.462076     1.81   0.071    -1.282234    31.88849
                1979  |    22.0262    8.35278     2.64   0.008     5.655056    38.39735
                1980  |   9.828186   11.54391     0.85   0.395    -12.79746    32.45384
                1981  |  -8.427327   9.310119    -0.91   0.365    -26.67482    9.820171
                1982  |   10.25913   10.31087     0.99   0.320    -9.949801    30.46807
                1983  |   5.610137   5.548822     1.01   0.312    -5.265355    16.48563
                1984  |   9.621946   8.452455     1.14   0.255     -6.94456    26.18845
                1985  |  -.5760534   6.628514    -0.09   0.931     -13.5677    12.41559
                1986  |   13.17116   6.829273     1.93   0.054    -.2139673    26.55629
                1987  |   19.33694    9.70144     1.99   0.046     .3224672    38.35141
                1988  |   33.81817   11.63194     2.91   0.004     11.01998    56.61635
                1989  |   29.73506   8.896375     3.34   0.001     12.29849    47.17164
                1990  |   18.33254   9.806125     1.87   0.062    -.8871117    37.55219
                1991  |   8.984032    6.97625     1.29   0.198    -4.689166    22.65723
                1992  |   1.889686   6.344787     0.30   0.766    -10.54587    14.32524
                1993  |    34.5548   22.43251     1.54   0.123    -9.412114    78.52171
                1994  |   23.52695   13.65702     1.72   0.085    -3.240311    50.29421
                1995  |   16.73721   6.769976     2.47   0.013     3.468302    30.00612
                1996  |   6.108369   8.166434     0.75   0.454    -9.897548    22.11429
                1997  |  -.5250743   6.545473    -0.08   0.936    -13.35397    12.30382
                1998  |  -10.05532   7.604052    -1.32   0.186    -24.95899    4.848352
                1999  |  -.8876653    5.31286    -0.17   0.867    -11.30068    9.525348
                2000  |   14.82352   9.389938     1.58   0.114    -3.580418    33.22746
                2001  |   5.158379    6.43511     0.80   0.423    -7.454205    17.77096
                2002  |  -1.163424   5.373643    -0.22   0.829    -11.69557    9.368723
                2003  |   6.892494   5.894762     1.17   0.242    -4.661027    18.44602
                2004  |   14.88783   9.505694     1.57   0.117     -3.74299    33.51865
                2005  |   21.11787   13.42797     1.57   0.116    -5.200477    47.43621
                2006  |   10.13082    6.52005     1.55   0.120    -2.648241    22.90989
                2007  |   14.80962   9.225408     1.61   0.108     -3.27185    32.89109
                2008  |   1.516539   8.483637     0.18   0.858    -15.11108    18.14416
                2009  |   -5.06068   6.736593    -0.75   0.453    -18.26416      8.1428
                2010  |   1.662613   5.036818     0.33   0.741    -8.209369     11.5346
                2011  |   4.478769   5.820378     0.77   0.442    -6.928963     15.8865
                2012  |   2.218534   6.142862     0.36   0.718    -9.821254    14.25832
                2013  |   .8253802    6.60927     0.12   0.901    -12.12855    13.77931
                2014  |   8.761725   9.206587     0.95   0.341    -9.282855     26.8063
                2015  |   4.864685   5.188786     0.94   0.348    -5.305149    15.03452
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
            countryid |
                   2  |          0  (empty)
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |          0  (empty)
                   5  |  -28.30069   15.86383    -1.78   0.074    -59.39323    2.791852
                   6  |          0  (empty)
                   7  |          0  (empty)
                   8  |          0  (empty)
                   9  |   -28.1107   20.93839    -1.34   0.179     -69.1492    12.92779
                  10  |          0  (empty)
                  11  |    -20.402   15.27525    -1.34   0.182    -50.34095    9.536945
                  12  |          0  (empty)
                  13  |    -65.671   31.74956    -2.07   0.039     -127.899   -3.442993
                  14  |          0  (empty)
                  15  |          0  (empty)
                  16  |          0  (empty)
                  17  |          0  (empty)
                  18  |          0  (empty)
                  19  |          0  (empty)
                  20  |          0  (empty)
                  21  |          0  (empty)
                  22  |          0  (empty)
                  23  |          0  (empty)
                  24  |          0  (empty)
                  25  |          0  (empty)
                  26  |          0  (empty)
                  27  |  -22.57171   13.68479    -1.65   0.099     -49.3934    4.249986
                  28  |          0  (empty)
                  29  |          0  (empty)
                  30  |          0  (empty)
                  31  |          0  (empty)
                  32  |          0  (empty)
                  33  |          0  (empty)
                  34  |          0  (empty)
                  35  |          0  (empty)
                  36  |          0  (empty)
                  37  |          0  (empty)
                  38  |          0  (empty)
                  39  |          0  (empty)
                  40  |          0  (empty)
                  41  |          0  (empty)
                  42  |  -12.83553   14.76369    -0.87   0.385    -41.77183    16.10077
                  43  |          0  (empty)
                  44  |          0  (empty)
                  45  |  -22.41763   13.48958    -1.66   0.097    -48.85672    4.021458
                  46  |  -30.20842   18.45287    -1.64   0.102    -66.37538    5.958545
                  47  |          0  (empty)
                  48  |          0  (empty)
                  49  |          0  (empty)
                  50  |          0  (empty)
                  51  |          0  (empty)
                  52  |  -21.82138   15.18024    -1.44   0.151    -51.57409    7.931341
                  53  |          0  (empty)
                  54  |          0  (empty)
                  55  |          0  (empty)
                  56  |  -27.73658   15.81236    -1.75   0.079    -58.72823    3.255077
                  57  |          0  (empty)
                  58  |          0  (empty)
                  59  |  -30.22068    14.8041    -2.04   0.041    -59.23618   -1.205185
                  60  |  -10.60898   13.69264    -0.77   0.438    -37.44605    16.22809
                  61  |          0  (empty)
                  62  |          0  (empty)
                  63  |          0  (empty)
                  64  |          0  (empty)
                  65  |  -18.76984   13.29209    -1.41   0.158    -44.82186    7.282185
                  66  |          0  (empty)
                  67  |          0  (empty)
                  68  |  -23.39755   13.48356    -1.74   0.083    -49.82484    3.029737
                  69  |          0  (empty)
                  70  |  -27.09855   14.64799    -1.85   0.064    -55.80809    1.610993
                  71  |          0  (empty)
                  72  |  -30.28134   18.55185    -1.63   0.103    -66.64229    6.079622
                  73  |          0  (empty)
                  74  |          0  (empty)
                  75  |  -23.65944   15.09758    -1.57   0.117    -53.25016    5.931273
                  76  |          0  (empty)
                  77  |          0  (empty)
                  78  |          0  (empty)
                  79  |          0  (empty)
                  80  |          0  (empty)
                  81  |  -25.97546   13.74555    -1.89   0.059    -52.91624    .9653266
                  82  |  -8.011829   17.02114    -0.47   0.638    -41.37264    25.34898
                  83  |          0  (empty)
                  84  |          0  (empty)
                  85  |          0  (empty)
                  86  |  -26.79902    15.2955    -1.75   0.080    -56.77766    3.179619
                  87  |          0  (empty)
                  88  |          0  (empty)
                  89  |          0  (empty)
                  90  |          0  (empty)
                  91  |          0  (empty)
                  92  |          0  (empty)
                  93  |          0  (empty)
                  94  |          0  (empty)
                  95  |          0  (empty)
                  96  |          0  (empty)
                  97  |          0  (empty)
                      |
                _cons |   46.73819   23.93547     1.95   0.051    -.1744703    93.65085
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  elt eltlnpolconv
Instruments:   lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4
               rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year 1977.year 1978.year
               1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year 1984.year 1985.year
               1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year 1991.year 1992.year
               1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year 1998.year 1999.year
               2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year 2005.year 2006.year
               2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year 2012.year 2013.year
               2014.year 2015.year 5.countryid 9.countryid 11.countryid 13.countryid
               27.countryid 42.countryid 45.countryid 46.countryid 52.countryid
               56.countryid 59.countryid 60.countryid 65.countryid 68.countryid
               70.countryid 72.countryid 75.countryid 81.countryid 82.countryid
               86.countryid termover termoverlnpolconv
(est1 stored)

. 
. * (2) Linear Institutional Constraints
. eststo: ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e (elt eltpolconv =termover termoverpolconv) polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regime
> dum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  i.year i.countryid if  pfix0_sample==1 & president_fixed==0, robust
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 4.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 6.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 7.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 8.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 10.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 12.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 14.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 15.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 16.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 17.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 18.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 19.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 20.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 21.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 22.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 23.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 24.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 25.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 26.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 28.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 29.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 30.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 31.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 32.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 33.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 34.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 35.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 36.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 37.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 38.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 39.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 40.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 41.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 43.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 44.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 47.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 48.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 49.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 50.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 51.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 53.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 54.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 55.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 57.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 58.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 61.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 62.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 63.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 64.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 66.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 67.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 69.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 71.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 73.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 74.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 76.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 77.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 78.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 79.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 80.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 83.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 84.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 85.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 87.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 88.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 89.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 90.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 91.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 92.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 93.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 94.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 95.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 96.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 97.countryid identifies no observations in the sample

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        436
                                                  Wald chi2(70)   =     162.11
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.1655
                                                  Root MSE        =     23.137

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   -37.0322   22.88118    -1.62   0.106    -81.87849    7.814082
           eltpolconv |   49.04708   35.37835     1.39   0.166    -20.29322    118.3874
              polconv |  -8.170183   12.31402    -0.66   0.507    -32.30522    15.96485
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |  -.7514168   28.60592    -0.03   0.979      -56.818    55.31516
           regimedum2 |  -7.467221    3.70182    -2.02   0.044    -14.72265   -.2117881
           regimedum3 |  -10.60727   6.780283    -1.56   0.118    -23.89638    2.681843
           regimedum4 |  -7.975958   4.363401    -1.83   0.068    -16.52807    .5761507
          rpt_for_elt |  -.7796055   8.070196    -0.10   0.923     -16.5969    15.03769
          chcpi_w005e |     3.2947   11.09057     0.30   0.766    -18.44242    25.03182
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   20.25831   18.04058     1.12   0.261    -15.10057     55.6172
                1976  |   11.00038   10.81858     1.02   0.309    -10.20365    32.20441
                1977  |    8.32291   6.516135     1.28   0.202     -4.44848     21.0943
                1978  |   15.47708   8.476076     1.83   0.068    -1.135723    32.08988
                1979  |   21.94557   8.093557     2.71   0.007     6.082488    37.80865
                1980  |    11.0237   12.29392     0.90   0.370    -13.07194    35.11934
                1981  |  -8.629818   8.947154    -0.96   0.335    -26.16592    8.906282
                1982  |   10.46363   10.44793     1.00   0.317    -10.01394     30.9412
                1983  |   4.738074   5.363767     0.88   0.377    -5.774717    15.25086
                1984  |   10.57251   9.032402     1.17   0.242     -7.13067    28.27569
                1985  |  -.7666608   6.557065    -0.12   0.907    -13.61827    12.08495
                1986  |   13.96181    6.96311     2.01   0.045      .314367    27.60926
                1987  |   18.64944   9.251297     2.02   0.044     .5172283    36.78165
                1988  |   33.89769   11.51336     2.94   0.003     11.33191    56.46347
                1989  |    30.8414   9.442665     3.27   0.001     12.33412    49.34868
                1990  |    16.8503   8.900066     1.89   0.058    -.5935041    34.29411
                1991  |   7.817157   6.933336     1.13   0.260    -5.771932    21.40624
                1992  |   1.585183   6.081173     0.26   0.794     -10.3337    13.50406
                1993  |   32.69582   21.81462     1.50   0.134    -10.06006    75.45169
                1994  |   23.03636   13.49699     1.71   0.088    -3.417244    49.48996
                1995  |   15.68151   6.767054     2.32   0.020     2.418327    28.94469
                1996  |   4.967254   8.139443     0.61   0.542    -10.98576    20.92027
                1997  |  -.9869689   6.535046    -0.15   0.880    -13.79542    11.82149
                1998  |  -10.16796   7.609409    -1.34   0.181    -25.08213    4.746204
                1999  |  -1.727209    5.01996    -0.34   0.731    -11.56615    8.111731
                2000  |   13.92509   9.784117     1.42   0.155    -5.251431     33.1016
                2001  |   5.486047    6.65439     0.82   0.410    -7.556318    18.52841
                2002  |  -1.382262   5.363599    -0.26   0.797    -11.89472    9.130199
                2003  |   6.659882   5.861552     1.14   0.256    -4.828548    18.14831
                2004  |   15.31953   9.752053     1.57   0.116    -3.794148     34.4332
                2005  |   21.74328   13.55388     1.60   0.109    -4.821832     48.3084
                2006  |   10.69769   6.991313     1.53   0.126    -3.005032    24.40041
                2007  |   14.76913   9.324201     1.58   0.113    -3.505963    33.04423
                2008  |    2.15115   8.579021     0.25   0.802    -14.66342    18.96572
                2009  |  -4.750577   6.878797    -0.69   0.490    -18.23277    8.731618
                2010  |   1.752447   5.091636     0.34   0.731    -8.226976    11.73187
                2011  |   5.068615   6.174553     0.82   0.412    -7.033287    17.17052
                2012  |   2.797368    6.17177     0.45   0.650    -9.299079    14.89382
                2013  |   -.324751      6.288    -0.05   0.959      -12.649     11.9995
                2014  |   9.523628   9.704944     0.98   0.326    -9.497712    28.54497
                2015  |   4.695405   5.001485     0.94   0.348    -5.107326    14.49814
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
            countryid |
                   2  |          0  (empty)
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |          0  (empty)
                   5  |  -28.53233   16.05791    -1.78   0.076    -60.00525    2.940592
                   6  |          0  (empty)
                   7  |          0  (empty)
                   8  |          0  (empty)
                   9  |  -20.98524   16.62776    -1.26   0.207    -53.57506    11.60457
                  10  |          0  (empty)
                  11  |  -21.26349   15.32658    -1.39   0.165    -51.30304    8.776051
                  12  |          0  (empty)
                  13  |  -67.71056   30.70442    -2.21   0.027    -127.8901   -7.531004
                  14  |          0  (empty)
                  15  |          0  (empty)
                  16  |          0  (empty)
                  17  |          0  (empty)
                  18  |          0  (empty)
                  19  |          0  (empty)
                  20  |          0  (empty)
                  21  |          0  (empty)
                  22  |          0  (empty)
                  23  |          0  (empty)
                  24  |          0  (empty)
                  25  |          0  (empty)
                  26  |          0  (empty)
                  27  |  -25.17228   14.18601    -1.77   0.076    -52.97636    2.631791
                  28  |          0  (empty)
                  29  |          0  (empty)
                  30  |          0  (empty)
                  31  |          0  (empty)
                  32  |          0  (empty)
                  33  |          0  (empty)
                  34  |          0  (empty)
                  35  |          0  (empty)
                  36  |          0  (empty)
                  37  |          0  (empty)
                  38  |          0  (empty)
                  39  |          0  (empty)
                  40  |          0  (empty)
                  41  |          0  (empty)
                  42  |  -13.62407   14.96924    -0.91   0.363    -42.96325    15.71511
                  43  |          0  (empty)
                  44  |          0  (empty)
                  45  |  -23.74772   13.59784    -1.75   0.081    -50.39899    2.903555
                  46  |  -29.07857   18.24486    -1.59   0.111    -64.83783    6.680689
                  47  |          0  (empty)
                  48  |          0  (empty)
                  49  |          0  (empty)
                  50  |          0  (empty)
                  51  |          0  (empty)
                  52  |   -22.9661   15.17929    -1.51   0.130    -52.71695    6.784757
                  53  |          0  (empty)
                  54  |          0  (empty)
                  55  |          0  (empty)
                  56  |  -28.53858   15.87024    -1.80   0.072    -59.64367     2.56652
                  57  |          0  (empty)
                  58  |          0  (empty)
                  59  |  -31.71978   14.96288    -2.12   0.034    -61.04648   -2.393079
                  60  |  -12.20941   13.93209    -0.88   0.381    -39.51581    15.09699
                  61  |          0  (empty)
                  62  |          0  (empty)
                  63  |          0  (empty)
                  64  |          0  (empty)
                  65  |   -20.1731   13.43979    -1.50   0.133     -46.5146    6.168398
                  66  |          0  (empty)
                  67  |          0  (empty)
                  68  |  -23.45496   13.41934    -1.75   0.080    -49.75638    2.846451
                  69  |          0  (empty)
                  70  |  -27.44866   14.64947    -1.87   0.061    -56.16109    1.263764
                  71  |          0  (empty)
                  72  |  -31.77917   18.56007    -1.71   0.087    -68.15624    4.597898
                  73  |          0  (empty)
                  74  |          0  (empty)
                  75  |  -24.54594   14.95171    -1.64   0.101    -53.85076    4.758879
                  76  |          0  (empty)
                  77  |          0  (empty)
                  78  |          0  (empty)
                  79  |          0  (empty)
                  80  |          0  (empty)
                  81  |  -26.30691   13.78212    -1.91   0.056    -53.31937    .7055483
                  82  |  -10.00631    17.8299    -0.56   0.575    -44.95227    24.93964
                  83  |          0  (empty)
                  84  |          0  (empty)
                  85  |          0  (empty)
                  86  |   -28.1954   15.53754    -1.81   0.070    -58.64841     2.25761
                  87  |          0  (empty)
                  88  |          0  (empty)
                  89  |          0  (empty)
                  90  |          0  (empty)
                  91  |          0  (empty)
                  92  |          0  (empty)
                  93  |          0  (empty)
                  94  |          0  (empty)
                  95  |          0  (empty)
                  96  |          0  (empty)
                  97  |          0  (empty)
                      |
                _cons |   36.18601    17.1244     2.11   0.035     2.622808    69.74921
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  elt eltpolconv
Instruments:   polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4
               rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year 1977.year 1978.year
               1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year 1984.year 1985.year
               1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year 1991.year 1992.year
               1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year 1998.year 1999.year
               2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year 2005.year 2006.year
               2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year 2012.year 2013.year
               2014.year 2015.year 5.countryid 9.countryid 11.countryid 13.countryid
               27.countryid 42.countryid 45.countryid 46.countryid 52.countryid
               56.countryid 59.countryid 60.countryid 65.countryid 68.countryid
               70.countryid 72.countryid 75.countryid 81.countryid 82.countryid
               86.countryid termover termoverpolconv
(est2 stored)

. 
. esttab using "./working data/Table S10A.rtf", title("Supplemental Table S10, Panel A. Endogenous Discretionary Elections, 2nd-stage Es
> timates") mtitles("ln Institutional Constraints" "Linear Institutional Constraints")  se(a) label  nogap onecell compress  keep(elt el
> tlnpolconv lnpolconv eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  ) order(elt 
> eltlnpolconv lnpolconv eltpolconv polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum4 regimedum3 regimedum2 rpt_for_elt  chcpi_w005e ) star(* 0
> .10 ** 0.05 *** 0.01) replace unstack b(2) 
(output written to ./working data/Table S10A.rtf)

. 
. eststo clear

. ////////////////////
> 
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> // Supplemental Table S10, Panel B. Endogenous Discretionary Elections, 1st-stage Estimates
. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. * ln Institutional Constraints
. ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e (elt eltlnpolconv =termover termoverlnpolconv) lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedu
> m3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  i.year i.countryid if pfix0_sample==1 & president_fixed==0, robust first
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 4.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 6.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 7.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 8.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 10.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 12.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 14.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 15.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 16.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 17.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 18.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 19.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 20.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 21.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 22.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 23.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 24.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 25.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 26.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 28.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 29.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 30.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 31.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 32.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 33.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 34.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 35.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 36.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 37.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 38.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 39.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 40.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 41.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 43.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 44.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 47.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 48.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 49.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 50.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 51.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 53.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 54.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 55.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 57.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 58.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 61.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 62.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 63.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 64.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 66.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 67.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 69.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 71.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 73.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 74.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 76.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 77.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 78.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 79.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 80.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 83.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 84.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 85.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 87.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 88.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 89.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 90.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 91.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 92.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 93.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 94.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 95.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 96.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 97.countryid identifies no observations in the sample

First-stage regressions
-----------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        436
                                                F(  70,    365)   =       1.69
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0012
                                                R-squared         =     0.1981
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.0443
                                                Root MSE          =     0.4129

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
                  elt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
            lnpolconv |  -.0847961   .0618685    -1.37   0.171    -.2064595    .0368673
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0463707    .248949     0.19   0.852    -.4431838    .5359252
           regimedum2 |  -.0164517   .1035903    -0.16   0.874    -.2201605     .187257
           regimedum3 |  -.0363326   .1997886    -0.18   0.856    -.4292138    .3565486
           regimedum4 |  -.0280915   .0947014    -0.30   0.767    -.2143204    .1581373
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0583891   .1468873    -0.40   0.691    -.3472408    .2304625
          chcpi_w005e |   .0679804   .1994896     0.34   0.733    -.3243128    .4602735
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |  -.1975383   .1575562    -1.25   0.211    -.5073702    .1122935
                1976  |   .2829892   .2743958     1.03   0.303    -.2566059    .8225844
                1977  |   .1698428   .3213494     0.53   0.597    -.4620858    .8017715
                1978  |  -.1256672   .1217082    -1.03   0.303    -.3650045    .1136701
                1979  |   .2137735   .2650226     0.81   0.420    -.3073894    .7349364
                1980  |  -.0347659   .2531259    -0.14   0.891    -.5325341    .4630024
                1981  |   .0530619   .2756697     0.19   0.847    -.4890383    .5951621
                1982  |  -.0574442     .27997    -0.21   0.838     -.608001    .4931126
                1983  |  -.0154972   .2471593    -0.06   0.950    -.5015322    .4705378
                1984  |   .2069191    .208112     0.99   0.321    -.2023299    .6161681
                1985  |  -.1368244   .1175232    -1.16   0.245     -.367932    .0942832
                1986  |   .1951536   .2515797     0.78   0.438    -.2995741    .6898812
                1987  |  -.0259235   .2522581    -0.10   0.918    -.5219852    .4701383
                1988  |   .0170548   .2315103     0.07   0.941    -.4382066    .4723162
                1989  |   .1494941   .2005452     0.75   0.456     -.244875    .5438631
                1990  |   .0965657   .2058367     0.47   0.639     -.308209    .5013403
                1991  |  -.0007431   .2010907    -0.00   0.997    -.3961847    .3946986
                1992  |  -.1452773    .160178    -0.91   0.365    -.4602648    .1697102
                1993  |  -.0391692   .1433573    -0.27   0.785    -.3210791    .2427408
                1994  |   .1393505   .1949622     0.71   0.475    -.2440397    .5227408
                1995  |   .2212525   .2032729     1.09   0.277    -.1784806    .6209855
                1996  |   .0189084   .1737642     0.11   0.913    -.3227963     .360613
                1997  |   .0057041   .1729092     0.03   0.974    -.3343191    .3457272
                1998  |   .0390594   .1782525     0.22   0.827    -.3114715    .3895902
                1999  |   .0397403   .1870055     0.21   0.832    -.3280032    .4074838
                2000  |   .2171426   .1981591     1.10   0.274    -.1725341    .6068193
                2001  |  -.1305093   .1413038    -0.92   0.356     -.408381    .1473625
                2002  |  -.1479053   .1138036    -1.30   0.195    -.3716984    .0758877
                2003  |   .1187375   .1925467     0.62   0.538    -.2599025    .4973775
                2004  |   .0171881   .1752125     0.10   0.922    -.3273646    .3617409
                2005  |    -.00485   .1693334    -0.03   0.977    -.3378415    .3281414
                2006  |  -.0380886   .1587201    -0.24   0.810    -.3502093    .2740321
                2007  |    .143385   .1886584     0.76   0.448    -.2276088    .5143789
                2008  |   .0801269   .2186817     0.37   0.714    -.3499074    .5101612
                2009  |  -.1504029    .161961    -0.93   0.354    -.4688966    .1680908
                2010  |  -.0919146   .1311893    -0.70   0.484    -.3498963    .1660671
                2011  |   .0286028   .1470696     0.19   0.846    -.2606073    .3178129
                2012  |   .0884505   .1752588     0.50   0.614    -.2561932    .4330943
                2013  |    .151664   .1824747     0.83   0.406    -.2071697    .5104977
                2014  |   -.020508   .1684155    -0.12   0.903    -.3516946    .3106785
                2015  |  -.1132635    .117877    -0.96   0.337    -.3450667    .1185398
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
            countryid |
                   2  |          0  (empty)
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |          0  (empty)
                   5  |  -.0764141   .1553085    -0.49   0.623    -.3818259    .2289976
                   6  |          0  (empty)
                   7  |          0  (empty)
                   8  |          0  (empty)
                   9  |  -.3702118   .2705927    -1.37   0.172    -.9023282    .1619045
                  10  |          0  (empty)
                  11  |   .0101476   .1379654     0.07   0.941    -.2611593    .2814544
                  12  |          0  (empty)
                  13  |   .0455534   .3337854     0.14   0.892    -.6108304    .7019371
                  14  |          0  (empty)
                  15  |          0  (empty)
                  16  |          0  (empty)
                  17  |          0  (empty)
                  18  |          0  (empty)
                  19  |          0  (empty)
                  20  |          0  (empty)
                  21  |          0  (empty)
                  22  |          0  (empty)
                  23  |          0  (empty)
                  24  |          0  (empty)
                  25  |          0  (empty)
                  26  |          0  (empty)
                  27  |   .2103232   .1668583     1.26   0.208    -.1178012    .5384475
                  28  |          0  (empty)
                  29  |          0  (empty)
                  30  |          0  (empty)
                  31  |          0  (empty)
                  32  |          0  (empty)
                  33  |          0  (empty)
                  34  |          0  (empty)
                  35  |          0  (empty)
                  36  |          0  (empty)
                  37  |          0  (empty)
                  38  |          0  (empty)
                  39  |          0  (empty)
                  40  |          0  (empty)
                  41  |          0  (empty)
                  42  |   .0662636   .1506452     0.44   0.660    -.2299778     .362505
                  43  |          0  (empty)
                  44  |          0  (empty)
                  45  |   .0913315    .141761     0.64   0.520    -.1874392    .3701023
                  46  |   .0339655   .2680357     0.13   0.899    -.4931225    .5610536
                  47  |          0  (empty)
                  48  |          0  (empty)
                  49  |          0  (empty)
                  50  |          0  (empty)
                  51  |          0  (empty)
                  52  |  -.1636748   .1521473    -1.08   0.283    -.4628701    .1355205
                  53  |          0  (empty)
                  54  |          0  (empty)
                  55  |          0  (empty)
                  56  |   .0620315   .1778516     0.35   0.727    -.2877109    .4117738
                  57  |          0  (empty)
                  58  |          0  (empty)
                  59  |   .0777583   .1523669     0.51   0.610    -.2218689    .3773854
                  60  |   .1116485   .2768834     0.40   0.687    -.4328384    .6561354
                  61  |          0  (empty)
                  62  |          0  (empty)
                  63  |          0  (empty)
                  64  |          0  (empty)
                  65  |  -.0065931   .1475447    -0.04   0.964    -.2967374    .2835512
                  66  |          0  (empty)
                  67  |          0  (empty)
                  68  |   .1998473   .2066721     0.97   0.334    -.2065702    .6062648
                  69  |          0  (empty)
                  70  |   .0610728   .1632279     0.37   0.709    -.2599123    .3820579
                  71  |          0  (empty)
                  72  |   .0178648   .2188004     0.08   0.935    -.4124027    .4481323
                  73  |          0  (empty)
                  74  |          0  (empty)
                  75  |   .1119844   .1592229     0.70   0.482    -.2011251    .4250938
                  76  |          0  (empty)
                  77  |          0  (empty)
                  78  |          0  (empty)
                  79  |          0  (empty)
                  80  |          0  (empty)
                  81  |   .0245345   .1404337     0.17   0.861    -.2516262    .3006952
                  82  |   -.059542   .2303024    -0.26   0.796    -.5124281     .393344
                  83  |          0  (empty)
                  84  |          0  (empty)
                  85  |          0  (empty)
                  86  |   .1120224   .1587276     0.71   0.481     -.200113    .4241577
                  87  |          0  (empty)
                  88  |          0  (empty)
                  89  |          0  (empty)
                  90  |          0  (empty)
                  91  |          0  (empty)
                  92  |          0  (empty)
                  93  |          0  (empty)
                  94  |          0  (empty)
                  95  |          0  (empty)
                  96  |          0  (empty)
                  97  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             termover |   .2038236   .3152536     0.65   0.518    -.4161177     .823765
    termoverlnpolconv |   .0291774   .0798893     0.37   0.715    -.1279237    .1862786
                _cons |    .430409   .2721523     1.58   0.115    -.1047742    .9655923
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        436
                                                F(  70,    365)   =       1.66
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0017
                                                R-squared         =     0.2054
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.0530
                                                Root MSE          =     1.6199

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
         eltlnpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
            lnpolconv |   .0647952   .1432983     0.45   0.651    -.2169986    .3465891
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0707636   .9654884     0.07   0.942    -1.827854    1.969382
           regimedum2 |  -.0354581   .4091341    -0.09   0.931     -.840014    .7690977
           regimedum3 |   .0026341   .8054168     0.00   0.997    -1.581206    1.586474
           regimedum4 |  -.0441311    .371784    -0.12   0.906    -.7752386    .6869763
          rpt_for_elt |  -.3363235    .547166    -0.61   0.539    -1.412317      .73967
          chcpi_w005e |   .6968839   .5872052     1.19   0.236     -.457846    1.851614
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |  -.8294188   .6108364    -1.36   0.175    -2.030619    .3717815
                1976  |   .8705414   1.037503     0.84   0.402    -1.169692    2.910775
                1977  |   .5340019   1.224056     0.44   0.663    -1.873086     2.94109
                1978  |  -.5340474    .486534    -1.10   0.273    -1.490809    .4227142
                1979  |   .8327122   1.064838     0.78   0.435    -1.261275    2.926699
                1980  |  -.3437822   .9624659    -0.36   0.721    -2.236456    1.548892
                1981  |   .2107148   1.130428     0.19   0.852    -2.012254    2.433683
                1982  |   -.399345   1.167903    -0.34   0.733    -2.696008    1.897318
                1983  |  -.1132359    1.02684    -0.11   0.912    -2.132502     1.90603
                1984  |    .660058   .8248114     0.80   0.424     -.961921    2.282037
                1985  |  -.5947073    .465294    -1.28   0.202    -1.509701    .3202862
                1986  |   .5596364   .9414788     0.59   0.553    -1.291767     2.41104
                1987  |    .007858   .9981379     0.01   0.994    -1.954965    1.970681
                1988  |   .1133793    .946814     0.12   0.905    -1.748516    1.975274
                1989  |   .4621351   .7853665     0.59   0.557    -1.082276    2.006546
                1990  |   .0223491   .7740133     0.03   0.977    -1.499736    1.544434
                1991  |  -.0584707   .7819208    -0.07   0.940    -1.596106    1.479165
                1992  |  -.5412207   .5938649    -0.91   0.363    -1.709047    .6266054
                1993  |    -.46955   .5331227    -0.88   0.379    -1.517928    .5788277
                1994  |   .5260786   .7957551     0.66   0.509    -1.038762    2.090919
                1995  |   .8037724   .8292577     0.97   0.333    -.8269502    2.434495
                1996  |  -.0233802   .7161554    -0.03   0.974    -1.431689    1.384928
                1997  |  -.1260655   .7159513    -0.18   0.860    -1.533973    1.281842
                1998  |  -.0202277   .7143116    -0.03   0.977     -1.42491    1.384455
                1999  |   .0528196   .7617997     0.07   0.945    -1.445248    1.550887
                2000  |   .7849213   .7945718     0.99   0.324     -.777592    2.347435
                2001  |  -.6134095   .5703786    -1.08   0.283     -1.73505    .5082312
                2002  |  -.6589514   .4689552    -1.41   0.161    -1.581145    .2632417
                2003  |   .4671303   .7765375     0.60   0.548    -1.059919    1.994179
                2004  |   .0084621   .7128696     0.01   0.991    -1.393385    1.410309
                2005  |  -.1154241   .6789203    -0.17   0.865     -1.45051    1.219662
                2006  |  -.2607647   .6273468    -0.42   0.678    -1.494432    .9729031
                2007  |   .5577551   .7757304     0.72   0.473    -.9677067    2.083217
                2008  |   .4402291    .854459     0.52   0.607    -1.240051     2.12051
                2009  |  -.6523971   .6691868    -0.97   0.330    -1.968343    .6635485
                2010  |  -.4184981   .5332646    -0.78   0.433    -1.467155    .6301586
                2011  |    .053671   .5866952     0.09   0.927    -1.100056    1.207398
                2012  |   .3039696   .6913549     0.44   0.660    -1.055569    1.663508
                2013  |    .408325   .7041953     0.58   0.562    -.9764643    1.793114
                2014  |  -.1731528   .6723569    -0.26   0.797    -1.495332    1.149027
                2015  |  -.4310859   .4791892    -0.90   0.369    -1.373404    .5112323
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
            countryid |
                   2  |          0  (empty)
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |          0  (empty)
                   5  |  -.2939913   .5888606    -0.50   0.618    -1.451977    .8639941
                   6  |          0  (empty)
                   7  |          0  (empty)
                   8  |          0  (empty)
                   9  |  -.1538555   .6657625    -0.23   0.817    -1.463067    1.155356
                  10  |          0  (empty)
                  11  |  -.1043026   .5119731    -0.20   0.839     -1.11109    .9024845
                  12  |          0  (empty)
                  13  |  -.4369362   1.222148    -0.36   0.721    -2.840271    1.966398
                  14  |          0  (empty)
                  15  |          0  (empty)
                  16  |          0  (empty)
                  17  |          0  (empty)
                  18  |          0  (empty)
                  19  |          0  (empty)
                  20  |          0  (empty)
                  21  |          0  (empty)
                  22  |          0  (empty)
                  23  |          0  (empty)
                  24  |          0  (empty)
                  25  |          0  (empty)
                  26  |          0  (empty)
                  27  |   .5715965   .6511955     0.88   0.381    -.7089693    1.852162
                  28  |          0  (empty)
                  29  |          0  (empty)
                  30  |          0  (empty)
                  31  |          0  (empty)
                  32  |          0  (empty)
                  33  |          0  (empty)
                  34  |          0  (empty)
                  35  |          0  (empty)
                  36  |          0  (empty)
                  37  |          0  (empty)
                  38  |          0  (empty)
                  39  |          0  (empty)
                  40  |          0  (empty)
                  41  |          0  (empty)
                  42  |   .1092834   .5690129     0.19   0.848    -1.009672    1.228239
                  43  |          0  (empty)
                  44  |          0  (empty)
                  45  |   .1526919   .5439912     0.28   0.779    -.9170585    1.222442
                  46  |  -.0336937   .9178964    -0.04   0.971    -1.838723    1.771335
                  47  |          0  (empty)
                  48  |          0  (empty)
                  49  |          0  (empty)
                  50  |          0  (empty)
                  51  |          0  (empty)
                  52  |  -.9993266   .5828452    -1.71   0.087    -2.145483    .1468296
                  53  |          0  (empty)
                  54  |          0  (empty)
                  55  |          0  (empty)
                  56  |   .0695274   .6983078     0.10   0.921    -1.303684    1.442739
                  57  |          0  (empty)
                  58  |          0  (empty)
                  59  |   .0788195   .5835484     0.14   0.893    -1.068719    1.226358
                  60  |   .1509122   1.156658     0.13   0.896    -2.123637    2.425462
                  61  |          0  (empty)
                  62  |          0  (empty)
                  63  |          0  (empty)
                  64  |          0  (empty)
                  65  |  -.2441368   .5465856    -0.45   0.655    -1.318989    .8307154
                  66  |          0  (empty)
                  67  |          0  (empty)
                  68  |   .6549847   .7856807     0.83   0.405    -.8900443    2.200014
                  69  |          0  (empty)
                  70  |   .1359327   .6258039     0.22   0.828    -1.094701    1.366566
                  71  |          0  (empty)
                  72  |  -.2117793    .854133    -0.25   0.804    -1.891419     1.46786
                  73  |          0  (empty)
                  74  |          0  (empty)
                  75  |   .1752945   .6007908     0.29   0.771    -1.006151     1.35674
                  76  |          0  (empty)
                  77  |          0  (empty)
                  78  |          0  (empty)
                  79  |          0  (empty)
                  80  |          0  (empty)
                  81  |  -.0169692   .5028219    -0.03   0.973    -1.005761    .9718222
                  82  |   -.273272   .8869455    -0.31   0.758    -2.017437    1.470893
                  83  |          0  (empty)
                  84  |          0  (empty)
                  85  |          0  (empty)
                  86  |    .316809   .5992589     0.53   0.597    -.8616244    1.495243
                  87  |          0  (empty)
                  88  |          0  (empty)
                  89  |          0  (empty)
                  90  |          0  (empty)
                  91  |          0  (empty)
                  92  |          0  (empty)
                  93  |          0  (empty)
                  94  |          0  (empty)
                  95  |          0  (empty)
                  96  |          0  (empty)
                  97  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             termover |  -.5939728   .6722944    -0.88   0.378    -1.916029    .7280838
    termoverlnpolconv |   .4748722    .185993     2.55   0.011     .1091197    .8406246
                _cons |   .2828234   .7731583     0.37   0.715     -1.23758    1.803227
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        436
                                                  Wald chi2(70)   =     160.54
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.1706
                                                  Root MSE        =     23.066

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |  -67.72428   45.68564    -1.48   0.138    -157.2665    21.81793
         eltlnpolconv |   14.86657   11.05008     1.35   0.179     -6.79119    36.52434
            lnpolconv |  -4.069071   4.754827    -0.86   0.392    -13.38836    5.250219
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   1.912575   28.31109     0.07   0.946    -53.57615     57.4013
           regimedum2 |  -7.771218   3.682283    -2.11   0.035    -14.98836   -.5540761
           regimedum3 |   -11.4542   6.850478    -1.67   0.095    -24.88089     1.97249
           regimedum4 |  -8.310667   4.526086    -1.84   0.066    -17.18163    .5602993
          rpt_for_elt |   .0725241   8.352027     0.01   0.993    -16.29715     16.4422
          chcpi_w005e |   2.526813   11.95989     0.21   0.833    -20.91415    25.96777
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   20.02076   18.05794     1.11   0.268    -15.37216    55.41368
                1976  |   9.072861   9.248271     0.98   0.327    -9.053417    27.19914
                1977  |   8.126182   6.053065     1.34   0.179    -3.737608    19.98997
                1978  |   15.30313   8.462076     1.81   0.071    -1.282234    31.88849
                1979  |    22.0262    8.35278     2.64   0.008     5.655056    38.39735
                1980  |   9.828186   11.54391     0.85   0.395    -12.79746    32.45384
                1981  |  -8.427327   9.310119    -0.91   0.365    -26.67482    9.820171
                1982  |   10.25913   10.31087     0.99   0.320    -9.949801    30.46807
                1983  |   5.610137   5.548822     1.01   0.312    -5.265355    16.48563
                1984  |   9.621946   8.452455     1.14   0.255     -6.94456    26.18845
                1985  |  -.5760534   6.628514    -0.09   0.931     -13.5677    12.41559
                1986  |   13.17116   6.829273     1.93   0.054    -.2139673    26.55629
                1987  |   19.33694    9.70144     1.99   0.046     .3224672    38.35141
                1988  |   33.81817   11.63194     2.91   0.004     11.01998    56.61635
                1989  |   29.73506   8.896375     3.34   0.001     12.29849    47.17164
                1990  |   18.33254   9.806125     1.87   0.062    -.8871117    37.55219
                1991  |   8.984032    6.97625     1.29   0.198    -4.689166    22.65723
                1992  |   1.889686   6.344787     0.30   0.766    -10.54587    14.32524
                1993  |    34.5548   22.43251     1.54   0.123    -9.412114    78.52171
                1994  |   23.52695   13.65702     1.72   0.085    -3.240311    50.29421
                1995  |   16.73721   6.769976     2.47   0.013     3.468302    30.00612
                1996  |   6.108369   8.166434     0.75   0.454    -9.897548    22.11429
                1997  |  -.5250743   6.545473    -0.08   0.936    -13.35397    12.30382
                1998  |  -10.05532   7.604052    -1.32   0.186    -24.95899    4.848352
                1999  |  -.8876653    5.31286    -0.17   0.867    -11.30068    9.525348
                2000  |   14.82352   9.389938     1.58   0.114    -3.580418    33.22746
                2001  |   5.158379    6.43511     0.80   0.423    -7.454205    17.77096
                2002  |  -1.163424   5.373643    -0.22   0.829    -11.69557    9.368723
                2003  |   6.892494   5.894762     1.17   0.242    -4.661027    18.44602
                2004  |   14.88783   9.505694     1.57   0.117     -3.74299    33.51865
                2005  |   21.11787   13.42797     1.57   0.116    -5.200477    47.43621
                2006  |   10.13082    6.52005     1.55   0.120    -2.648241    22.90989
                2007  |   14.80962   9.225408     1.61   0.108     -3.27185    32.89109
                2008  |   1.516539   8.483637     0.18   0.858    -15.11108    18.14416
                2009  |   -5.06068   6.736593    -0.75   0.453    -18.26416      8.1428
                2010  |   1.662613   5.036818     0.33   0.741    -8.209369     11.5346
                2011  |   4.478769   5.820378     0.77   0.442    -6.928963     15.8865
                2012  |   2.218534   6.142862     0.36   0.718    -9.821254    14.25832
                2013  |   .8253802    6.60927     0.12   0.901    -12.12855    13.77931
                2014  |   8.761725   9.206587     0.95   0.341    -9.282855     26.8063
                2015  |   4.864685   5.188786     0.94   0.348    -5.305149    15.03452
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
            countryid |
                   2  |          0  (empty)
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |          0  (empty)
                   5  |  -28.30069   15.86383    -1.78   0.074    -59.39323    2.791852
                   6  |          0  (empty)
                   7  |          0  (empty)
                   8  |          0  (empty)
                   9  |   -28.1107   20.93839    -1.34   0.179     -69.1492    12.92779
                  10  |          0  (empty)
                  11  |    -20.402   15.27525    -1.34   0.182    -50.34095    9.536945
                  12  |          0  (empty)
                  13  |    -65.671   31.74956    -2.07   0.039     -127.899   -3.442993
                  14  |          0  (empty)
                  15  |          0  (empty)
                  16  |          0  (empty)
                  17  |          0  (empty)
                  18  |          0  (empty)
                  19  |          0  (empty)
                  20  |          0  (empty)
                  21  |          0  (empty)
                  22  |          0  (empty)
                  23  |          0  (empty)
                  24  |          0  (empty)
                  25  |          0  (empty)
                  26  |          0  (empty)
                  27  |  -22.57171   13.68479    -1.65   0.099     -49.3934    4.249986
                  28  |          0  (empty)
                  29  |          0  (empty)
                  30  |          0  (empty)
                  31  |          0  (empty)
                  32  |          0  (empty)
                  33  |          0  (empty)
                  34  |          0  (empty)
                  35  |          0  (empty)
                  36  |          0  (empty)
                  37  |          0  (empty)
                  38  |          0  (empty)
                  39  |          0  (empty)
                  40  |          0  (empty)
                  41  |          0  (empty)
                  42  |  -12.83553   14.76369    -0.87   0.385    -41.77183    16.10077
                  43  |          0  (empty)
                  44  |          0  (empty)
                  45  |  -22.41763   13.48958    -1.66   0.097    -48.85672    4.021458
                  46  |  -30.20842   18.45287    -1.64   0.102    -66.37538    5.958545
                  47  |          0  (empty)
                  48  |          0  (empty)
                  49  |          0  (empty)
                  50  |          0  (empty)
                  51  |          0  (empty)
                  52  |  -21.82138   15.18024    -1.44   0.151    -51.57409    7.931341
                  53  |          0  (empty)
                  54  |          0  (empty)
                  55  |          0  (empty)
                  56  |  -27.73658   15.81236    -1.75   0.079    -58.72823    3.255077
                  57  |          0  (empty)
                  58  |          0  (empty)
                  59  |  -30.22068    14.8041    -2.04   0.041    -59.23618   -1.205185
                  60  |  -10.60898   13.69264    -0.77   0.438    -37.44605    16.22809
                  61  |          0  (empty)
                  62  |          0  (empty)
                  63  |          0  (empty)
                  64  |          0  (empty)
                  65  |  -18.76984   13.29209    -1.41   0.158    -44.82186    7.282185
                  66  |          0  (empty)
                  67  |          0  (empty)
                  68  |  -23.39755   13.48356    -1.74   0.083    -49.82484    3.029737
                  69  |          0  (empty)
                  70  |  -27.09855   14.64799    -1.85   0.064    -55.80809    1.610993
                  71  |          0  (empty)
                  72  |  -30.28134   18.55185    -1.63   0.103    -66.64229    6.079622
                  73  |          0  (empty)
                  74  |          0  (empty)
                  75  |  -23.65944   15.09758    -1.57   0.117    -53.25016    5.931273
                  76  |          0  (empty)
                  77  |          0  (empty)
                  78  |          0  (empty)
                  79  |          0  (empty)
                  80  |          0  (empty)
                  81  |  -25.97546   13.74555    -1.89   0.059    -52.91624    .9653266
                  82  |  -8.011829   17.02114    -0.47   0.638    -41.37264    25.34898
                  83  |          0  (empty)
                  84  |          0  (empty)
                  85  |          0  (empty)
                  86  |  -26.79902    15.2955    -1.75   0.080    -56.77766    3.179619
                  87  |          0  (empty)
                  88  |          0  (empty)
                  89  |          0  (empty)
                  90  |          0  (empty)
                  91  |          0  (empty)
                  92  |          0  (empty)
                  93  |          0  (empty)
                  94  |          0  (empty)
                  95  |          0  (empty)
                  96  |          0  (empty)
                  97  |          0  (empty)
                      |
                _cons |   46.73819   23.93547     1.95   0.051    -.1744703    93.65085
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  elt eltlnpolconv
Instruments:   lnpolconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4
               rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year 1977.year 1978.year
               1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year 1984.year 1985.year
               1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year 1991.year 1992.year
               1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year 1998.year 1999.year
               2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year 2005.year 2006.year
               2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year 2012.year 2013.year
               2014.year 2015.year 5.countryid 9.countryid 11.countryid 13.countryid
               27.countryid 42.countryid 45.countryid 46.countryid 52.countryid
               56.countryid 59.countryid 60.countryid 65.countryid 68.countryid
               70.countryid 72.countryid 75.countryid 81.countryid 82.countryid
               86.countryid termover termoverlnpolconv

. estat endogenous

  Tests of endogeneity
  Ho: variables are exogenous

  Robust score chi2(2)            =  3.12185  (p = 0.2099)
  Robust regression F(2,363)      =  1.34069  (p = 0.2630)

. estat firststage ,all

  First-stage regression summary statistics
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |            Adjusted      Partial       Robust
      Variable |   R-sq.       R-sq.        R-sq.      F(2,365)   Prob > F
  -------------+------------------------------------------------------------
           elt |  0.1981      0.0443       0.0899       13.7342    0.0000
  eltlnpolconv |  0.2054      0.0530       0.0955       14.0958    0.0000
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Shea's partial R-squared
  --------------------------------------------------
               |     Shea's             Shea's
      Variable |  Partial R-sq.   Adj. Partial R-sq.
  -------------+------------------------------------
           elt |     0.1391             -0.3186
  eltlnpolconv |     0.1478             -0.3054
  --------------------------------------------------


. 
. * Linear Institutional Constraints
. ivregress 2sls chrprivgfcf100_w005e (elt eltpolconv =termover termoverpolconv) polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 reg
> imedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e i.year i.countryid if pfix0_sample==1 & president_fixed==0, robust first
note: 1973.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 1974.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2016.year omitted because of collinearity
note: 2017.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2018.year identifies no observations in the sample
note: 2.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 3.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 4.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 6.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 7.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 8.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 10.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 12.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 14.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 15.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 16.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 17.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 18.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 19.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 20.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 21.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 22.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 23.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 24.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 25.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 26.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 28.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 29.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 30.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 31.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 32.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 33.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 34.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 35.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 36.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 37.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 38.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 39.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 40.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 41.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 43.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 44.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 47.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 48.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 49.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 50.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 51.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 53.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 54.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 55.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 57.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 58.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 61.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 62.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 63.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 64.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 66.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 67.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 69.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 71.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 73.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 74.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 76.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 77.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 78.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 79.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 80.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 83.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 84.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 85.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 87.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 88.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 89.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 90.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 91.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 92.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 93.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 94.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 95.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 96.countryid identifies no observations in the sample
note: 97.countryid identifies no observations in the sample

First-stage regressions
-----------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        436
                                                F(  70,    365)   =       1.68
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0013
                                                R-squared         =     0.1934
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.0387
                                                Root MSE          =     0.4141

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
                  elt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
              polconv |  -.1452622   .1786021    -0.81   0.417    -.4964805    .2059561
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0497615   .2495049     0.20   0.842    -.4408861     .540409
           regimedum2 |  -.0244258   .1045668    -0.23   0.815    -.2300547    .1812031
           regimedum3 |  -.0427939   .2007069    -0.21   0.831    -.4374809    .3518931
           regimedum4 |  -.0463446   .0957027    -0.48   0.628    -.2345426    .1418533
          rpt_for_elt |   -.068273   .1455853    -0.47   0.639    -.3545643    .2180183
          chcpi_w005e |   .0906439   .1850622     0.49   0.625     -.273278    .4545659
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |  -.1988958   .1580223    -1.26   0.209    -.5096442    .1118527
                1976  |   .2839214   .2816799     1.01   0.314    -.2699977    .8378405
                1977  |   .1649587   .3162984     0.52   0.602    -.4570373    .7869547
                1978  |  -.1241991   .1228694    -1.01   0.313    -.3658198    .1174216
                1979  |   .2130848   .2647239     0.80   0.421    -.3074906    .7336602
                1980  |  -.0386552   .2505708    -0.15   0.877    -.5313988    .4540884
                1981  |   .0562899   .2795995     0.20   0.841    -.4935382     .606118
                1982  |  -.0574127   .2777368    -0.21   0.836    -.6035779    .4887525
                1983  |  -.0129116   .2506878    -0.05   0.959    -.5058852    .4800621
                1984  |   .2127204   .2099028     1.01   0.312    -.2000502    .6254909
                1985  |  -.1302744   .1185317    -1.10   0.272    -.3633652    .1028165
                1986  |   .2019899   .2502471     0.81   0.420    -.2901172     .694097
                1987  |  -.0218611   .2535597    -0.09   0.931    -.5204823    .4767601
                1988  |   .0260058   .2292161     0.11   0.910    -.4247441    .4767557
                1989  |   .1579532   .2011398     0.79   0.433     -.237585    .5534915
                1990  |   .1319239   .2206233     0.60   0.550    -.3019284    .5657762
                1991  |  -.0008171    .200804    -0.00   0.997    -.3956951     .394061
                1992  |  -.1005072   .1564308    -0.64   0.521     -.408126    .2071116
                1993  |  -.0183597   .1564486    -0.12   0.907    -.3260134     .289294
                1994  |     .14254    .195218     0.73   0.466    -.2413532    .5264333
                1995  |   .2214129   .2040331     1.09   0.279    -.1798152    .6226409
                1996  |   .0146584   .1735003     0.08   0.933    -.3265272    .3558439
                1997  |   .0014445   .1739656     0.01   0.993    -.3406562    .3435452
                1998  |   .0353709   .1780448     0.20   0.843    -.3147514    .3854932
                1999  |   .0354996   .1875003     0.19   0.850    -.3332168    .4042161
                2000  |   .2112811   .1988378     1.06   0.289    -.1797304    .6022926
                2001  |  -.1278247   .1414993    -0.90   0.367     -.406081    .1504316
                2002  |  -.1455524   .1138412    -1.28   0.202    -.3694193    .0783146
                2003  |   .1206621   .1912052     0.63   0.528    -.2553399    .4966642
                2004  |   .0189293   .1767535     0.11   0.915    -.3286538    .3665125
                2005  |  -.0069234   .1690842    -0.04   0.967    -.3394248     .325578
                2006  |  -.0415321   .1602865    -0.26   0.796    -.3567332    .2736689
                2007  |   .1385442   .1885549     0.73   0.463    -.2322461    .5093345
                2008  |   .0755309   .2168157     0.35   0.728    -.3508338    .5018956
                2009  |   -.150055   .1624603    -0.92   0.356    -.4695306    .1694207
                2010  |  -.0913122   .1308854    -0.70   0.486    -.3486962    .1660719
                2011  |   .0295069   .1477737     0.20   0.842    -.2610878    .3201015
                2012  |   .0899033   .1760106     0.51   0.610    -.2562188    .4360254
                2013  |   .1516588   .1815687     0.84   0.404    -.2053932    .5087107
                2014  |  -.0180919   .1694592    -0.11   0.915    -.3513308     .315147
                2015  |  -.1138381   .1173129    -0.97   0.332    -.3445321    .1168558
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
            countryid |
                   2  |          0  (empty)
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |          0  (empty)
                   5  |  -.0917992   .1559317    -0.59   0.556    -.3984365    .2148381
                   6  |          0  (empty)
                   7  |          0  (empty)
                   8  |          0  (empty)
                   9  |  -.1456414   .1810498    -0.80   0.422     -.501673    .2103903
                  10  |          0  (empty)
                  11  |   .0001535   .1414122     0.00   0.999    -.2779314    .2782384
                  12  |          0  (empty)
                  13  |  -.0157801   .3308689    -0.05   0.962    -.6664286    .6348685
                  14  |          0  (empty)
                  15  |          0  (empty)
                  16  |          0  (empty)
                  17  |          0  (empty)
                  18  |          0  (empty)
                  19  |          0  (empty)
                  20  |          0  (empty)
                  21  |          0  (empty)
                  22  |          0  (empty)
                  23  |          0  (empty)
                  24  |          0  (empty)
                  25  |          0  (empty)
                  26  |          0  (empty)
                  27  |   .1988595   .1767701     1.12   0.261    -.1487562    .5464751
                  28  |          0  (empty)
                  29  |          0  (empty)
                  30  |          0  (empty)
                  31  |          0  (empty)
                  32  |          0  (empty)
                  33  |          0  (empty)
                  34  |          0  (empty)
                  35  |          0  (empty)
                  36  |          0  (empty)
                  37  |          0  (empty)
                  38  |          0  (empty)
                  39  |          0  (empty)
                  40  |          0  (empty)
                  41  |          0  (empty)
                  42  |   .0675374   .1509822     0.45   0.655    -.2293667    .3644415
                  43  |          0  (empty)
                  44  |          0  (empty)
                  45  |   .0838421   .1454349     0.58   0.565    -.2021533    .3698375
                  46  |   .0295541   .2645566     0.11   0.911    -.4906923    .5498005
                  47  |          0  (empty)
                  48  |          0  (empty)
                  49  |          0  (empty)
                  50  |          0  (empty)
                  51  |          0  (empty)
                  52  |  -.1808548   .1656107    -1.09   0.276    -.5065256    .1448161
                  53  |          0  (empty)
                  54  |          0  (empty)
                  55  |          0  (empty)
                  56  |   .0420109   .1878321     0.22   0.823    -.3273581    .4113799
                  57  |          0  (empty)
                  58  |          0  (empty)
                  59  |   .0605583   .1606276     0.38   0.706    -.2553135      .37643
                  60  |   .1053458    .281673     0.37   0.709    -.4485598    .6592514
                  61  |          0  (empty)
                  62  |          0  (empty)
                  63  |          0  (empty)
                  64  |          0  (empty)
                  65  |  -.0028206   .1484814    -0.02   0.985    -.2948071    .2891658
                  66  |          0  (empty)
                  67  |          0  (empty)
                  68  |    .190755   .2067236     0.92   0.357    -.2157638    .5972738
                  69  |          0  (empty)
                  70  |   .0516033   .1631366     0.32   0.752    -.2692023    .3724089
                  71  |          0  (empty)
                  72  |  -.0089253   .2260814    -0.04   0.969     -.453511    .4356603
                  73  |          0  (empty)
                  74  |          0  (empty)
                  75  |   .0975169   .1643902     0.59   0.553     -.225754    .4207877
                  76  |          0  (empty)
                  77  |          0  (empty)
                  78  |          0  (empty)
                  79  |          0  (empty)
                  80  |          0  (empty)
                  81  |   .0384624   .1403066     0.27   0.784    -.2374485    .3143732
                  82  |  -.0521664   .2292812    -0.23   0.820    -.5030445    .3987116
                  83  |          0  (empty)
                  84  |          0  (empty)
                  85  |          0  (empty)
                  86  |   .0984665   .1644935     0.60   0.550    -.2250075    .4219405
                  87  |          0  (empty)
                  88  |          0  (empty)
                  89  |          0  (empty)
                  90  |          0  (empty)
                  91  |          0  (empty)
                  92  |          0  (empty)
                  93  |          0  (empty)
                  94  |          0  (empty)
                  95  |          0  (empty)
                  96  |          0  (empty)
                  97  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             termover |   .2651086   .1861391     1.42   0.155    -.1009312    .6311483
      termoverpolconv |   .0998342   .3141263     0.32   0.751    -.5178904    .7175587
                _cons |   .1902757   .1812862     1.05   0.295    -.1662207    .5467722
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                Number of obs     =        436
                                                F(  70,    365)   =       1.55
                                                Prob > F          =     0.0055
                                                R-squared         =     0.2432
                                                Adj R-squared     =     0.0981
                                                Root MSE          =     0.2376

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
           eltpolconv |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
              polconv |   .1003519   .0900541     1.11   0.266    -.0767381     .277442
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |   .0488556   .1436972     0.34   0.734    -.2337228     .331434
           regimedum2 |   .0015283   .0619313     0.02   0.980    -.1202586    .1233153
           regimedum3 |   .0161261   .1260137     0.13   0.898    -.2316778      .26393
           regimedum4 |  -.0006117   .0548162    -0.01   0.991     -.108407    .1071836
          rpt_for_elt |  -.0204713   .0808278    -0.25   0.800     -.179418    .1384754
          chcpi_w005e |   .1278124   .0845911     1.51   0.132    -.0385348    .2941596
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |  -.1258117   .0881834    -1.43   0.155     -.299223    .0475996
                1976  |   .0461007   .1191613     0.39   0.699    -.1882281    .2804295
                1977  |   .0737843   .1640206     0.45   0.653    -.2487595    .3963282
                1978  |  -.0897752   .0751978    -1.19   0.233    -.2376504    .0581001
                1979  |   .1154554   .1571577     0.73   0.463    -.1935927    .4245035
                1980  |  -.1017488   .1166752    -0.87   0.384    -.3311887    .1276912
                1981  |   .0369406    .189387     0.20   0.845    -.3354861    .4093673
                1982  |   -.097154   .1792271    -0.54   0.588    -.4496013    .2552933
                1983  |  -.0027151     .16543    -0.02   0.987    -.3280306    .3226004
                1984  |   .0639247   .1210605     0.53   0.598    -.1741389    .3019884
                1985  |   -.090884    .071953    -1.26   0.207    -.2323785    .0506105
                1986  |   .0317969   .1236615     0.26   0.797    -.2113814    .2749753
                1987  |   .0340014   .1516143     0.22   0.823    -.2641457    .3321485
                1988  |   .0242571   .1613553     0.15   0.881    -.2930456    .3415597
                1989  |   .0348429   .1132324     0.31   0.758     -.187827    .2575127
                1990  |  -.0232526   .1094375    -0.21   0.832    -.2384597    .1919546
                1991  |   .0168763   .1131018     0.15   0.881    -.2055366    .2392893
                1992  |  -.0974257   .0834974    -1.17   0.244     -.261622    .0667706
                1993  |  -.0724934   .0799314    -0.91   0.365    -.2296772    .0846904
                1994  |   .0843298   .1266155     0.67   0.506    -.1646575    .3333172
                1995  |   .1240633   .1307816     0.95   0.343    -.1331168    .3812434
                1996  |   .0024496   .1173009     0.02   0.983    -.2282207      .23312
                1997  |  -.0263416   .1147168    -0.23   0.819    -.2519305    .1992472
                1998  |  -.0229794    .099256    -0.23   0.817    -.2181648    .1722059
                1999  |   .0116545   .1128434     0.10   0.918    -.2102504    .2335594
                2000  |   .1159534   .1213661     0.96   0.340    -.1227111    .3546179
                2001  |  -.1050763   .0860526    -1.22   0.223    -.2742973    .0641447
                2002  |  -.1014642   .0752349    -1.35   0.178    -.2494125     .046484
                2003  |   .0682144   .1163185     0.59   0.558    -.1605241    .2969528
                2004  |  -.0117092   .1114225    -0.11   0.916    -.2308197    .2074014
                2005  |  -.0428283    .099344    -0.43   0.667    -.2381867      .15253
                2006  |  -.0548798   .0884642    -0.62   0.535    -.2288434    .1190838
                2007  |   .0800957   .1205297     0.66   0.507    -.1569241    .3171156
                2008  |   .0647643   .1243589     0.52   0.603    -.1797857    .3093142
                2009  |  -.1023687   .1045752    -0.98   0.328    -.3080142    .1032767
                2010  |  -.0699993   .0806704    -0.87   0.386    -.2286365    .0886378
                2011  |   -.007501   .0873315    -0.09   0.932    -.1792371     .164235
                2012  |   .0293977   .1025112     0.29   0.774     -.172189    .2309844
                2013  |   .0494148   .1022802     0.48   0.629    -.1517176    .2505472
                2014  |  -.0440778   .0946618    -0.47   0.642    -.2302287    .1420732
                2015  |  -.0599113   .0745331    -0.80   0.422    -.2064794    .0866569
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
            countryid |
                   2  |          0  (empty)
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |          0  (empty)
                   5  |  -.0284273   .0771814    -0.37   0.713    -.1802033    .1233488
                   6  |          0  (empty)
                   7  |          0  (empty)
                   8  |          0  (empty)
                   9  |  -.0013978   .0730267    -0.02   0.985    -.1450037    .1422081
                  10  |          0  (empty)
                  11  |  -.0194718    .067528    -0.29   0.773    -.1522645    .1133209
                  12  |          0  (empty)
                  13  |  -.0833437   .1952709    -0.43   0.670    -.4673408    .3006535
                  14  |          0  (empty)
                  15  |          0  (empty)
                  16  |          0  (empty)
                  17  |          0  (empty)
                  18  |          0  (empty)
                  19  |          0  (empty)
                  20  |          0  (empty)
                  21  |          0  (empty)
                  22  |          0  (empty)
                  23  |          0  (empty)
                  24  |          0  (empty)
                  25  |          0  (empty)
                  26  |          0  (empty)
                  27  |   .0960343   .1049018     0.92   0.361    -.1102536    .3023222
                  28  |          0  (empty)
                  29  |          0  (empty)
                  30  |          0  (empty)
                  31  |          0  (empty)
                  32  |          0  (empty)
                  33  |          0  (empty)
                  34  |          0  (empty)
                  35  |          0  (empty)
                  36  |          0  (empty)
                  37  |          0  (empty)
                  38  |          0  (empty)
                  39  |          0  (empty)
                  40  |          0  (empty)
                  41  |          0  (empty)
                  42  |   .0104598   .0755574     0.14   0.890    -.1381227    .1590423
                  43  |          0  (empty)
                  44  |          0  (empty)
                  45  |     .02294   .0798965     0.29   0.774    -.1341754    .1800553
                  46  |   -.033709   .1076872    -0.31   0.754    -.2454742    .1780562
                  47  |          0  (empty)
                  48  |          0  (empty)
                  49  |          0  (empty)
                  50  |          0  (empty)
                  51  |          0  (empty)
                  52  |  -.1838488   .0938084    -1.96   0.051    -.3683216    .0006239
                  53  |          0  (empty)
                  54  |          0  (empty)
                  55  |          0  (empty)
                  56  |   .0091059   .1083251     0.08   0.933    -.2039137    .2221256
                  57  |          0  (empty)
                  58  |          0  (empty)
                  59  |   .0142645   .0888431     0.16   0.873    -.1604441    .1889731
                  60  |   .0163045   .1924935     0.08   0.933     -.362231    .3948401
                  61  |          0  (empty)
                  62  |          0  (empty)
                  63  |          0  (empty)
                  64  |          0  (empty)
                  65  |  -.0280314   .0688515    -0.41   0.684    -.1634268     .107364
                  66  |          0  (empty)
                  67  |          0  (empty)
                  68  |   .0788088   .0950489     0.83   0.408    -.1081033    .2657209
                  69  |          0  (empty)
                  70  |   .0142327   .0844026     0.17   0.866    -.1517437    .1802091
                  71  |          0  (empty)
                  72  |  -.0450483   .1301362    -0.35   0.729    -.3009591    .2108625
                  73  |          0  (empty)
                  74  |          0  (empty)
                  75  |   .0084703   .0864788     0.10   0.922    -.1615891    .1785296
                  76  |          0  (empty)
                  77  |          0  (empty)
                  78  |          0  (empty)
                  79  |          0  (empty)
                  80  |          0  (empty)
                  81  |  -.0084789   .0594082    -0.14   0.887    -.1253041    .1083464
                  82  |  -.0148999   .1259798    -0.12   0.906    -.2626373    .2328375
                  83  |          0  (empty)
                  84  |          0  (empty)
                  85  |          0  (empty)
                  86  |   .0548239   .0838611     0.65   0.514    -.1100877    .2197355
                  87  |          0  (empty)
                  88  |          0  (empty)
                  89  |          0  (empty)
                  90  |          0  (empty)
                  91  |          0  (empty)
                  92  |          0  (empty)
                  93  |          0  (empty)
                  94  |          0  (empty)
                  95  |          0  (empty)
                  96  |          0  (empty)
                  97  |          0  (empty)
                      |
             termover |  -.0779452   .0750675    -1.04   0.300    -.2255643    .0696739
      termoverpolconv |   .4620171   .1588431     2.91   0.004     .1496547    .7743795
                _cons |   .0212229   .0963619     0.22   0.826    -.1682712    .2107171
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression          Number of obs   =        436
                                                  Wald chi2(70)   =     162.11
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
                                                  R-squared       =     0.1655
                                                  Root MSE        =     23.137

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      |               Robust
 chrprivgfcf100_w005e |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  elt |   -37.0322   22.88118    -1.62   0.106    -81.87849    7.814082
           eltpolconv |   49.04708   35.37835     1.39   0.166    -20.29322    118.3874
              polconv |  -8.170183   12.31402    -0.66   0.507    -32.30522    15.96485
chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e |  -.7514168   28.60592    -0.03   0.979      -56.818    55.31516
           regimedum2 |  -7.467221    3.70182    -2.02   0.044    -14.72265   -.2117881
           regimedum3 |  -10.60727   6.780283    -1.56   0.118    -23.89638    2.681843
           regimedum4 |  -7.975958   4.363401    -1.83   0.068    -16.52807    .5761507
          rpt_for_elt |  -.7796055   8.070196    -0.10   0.923     -16.5969    15.03769
          chcpi_w005e |     3.2947   11.09057     0.30   0.766    -18.44242    25.03182
                      |
                 year |
                1973  |          0  (empty)
                1974  |          0  (empty)
                1975  |   20.25831   18.04058     1.12   0.261    -15.10057     55.6172
                1976  |   11.00038   10.81858     1.02   0.309    -10.20365    32.20441
                1977  |    8.32291   6.516135     1.28   0.202     -4.44848     21.0943
                1978  |   15.47708   8.476076     1.83   0.068    -1.135723    32.08988
                1979  |   21.94557   8.093557     2.71   0.007     6.082488    37.80865
                1980  |    11.0237   12.29392     0.90   0.370    -13.07194    35.11934
                1981  |  -8.629818   8.947154    -0.96   0.335    -26.16592    8.906282
                1982  |   10.46363   10.44793     1.00   0.317    -10.01394     30.9412
                1983  |   4.738074   5.363767     0.88   0.377    -5.774717    15.25086
                1984  |   10.57251   9.032402     1.17   0.242     -7.13067    28.27569
                1985  |  -.7666608   6.557065    -0.12   0.907    -13.61827    12.08495
                1986  |   13.96181    6.96311     2.01   0.045      .314367    27.60926
                1987  |   18.64944   9.251297     2.02   0.044     .5172283    36.78165
                1988  |   33.89769   11.51336     2.94   0.003     11.33191    56.46347
                1989  |    30.8414   9.442665     3.27   0.001     12.33412    49.34868
                1990  |    16.8503   8.900066     1.89   0.058    -.5935041    34.29411
                1991  |   7.817157   6.933336     1.13   0.260    -5.771932    21.40624
                1992  |   1.585183   6.081173     0.26   0.794     -10.3337    13.50406
                1993  |   32.69582   21.81462     1.50   0.134    -10.06006    75.45169
                1994  |   23.03636   13.49699     1.71   0.088    -3.417244    49.48996
                1995  |   15.68151   6.767054     2.32   0.020     2.418327    28.94469
                1996  |   4.967254   8.139443     0.61   0.542    -10.98576    20.92027
                1997  |  -.9869689   6.535046    -0.15   0.880    -13.79542    11.82149
                1998  |  -10.16796   7.609409    -1.34   0.181    -25.08213    4.746204
                1999  |  -1.727209    5.01996    -0.34   0.731    -11.56615    8.111731
                2000  |   13.92509   9.784117     1.42   0.155    -5.251431     33.1016
                2001  |   5.486047    6.65439     0.82   0.410    -7.556318    18.52841
                2002  |  -1.382262   5.363599    -0.26   0.797    -11.89472    9.130199
                2003  |   6.659882   5.861552     1.14   0.256    -4.828548    18.14831
                2004  |   15.31953   9.752053     1.57   0.116    -3.794148     34.4332
                2005  |   21.74328   13.55388     1.60   0.109    -4.821832     48.3084
                2006  |   10.69769   6.991313     1.53   0.126    -3.005032    24.40041
                2007  |   14.76913   9.324201     1.58   0.113    -3.505963    33.04423
                2008  |    2.15115   8.579021     0.25   0.802    -14.66342    18.96572
                2009  |  -4.750577   6.878797    -0.69   0.490    -18.23277    8.731618
                2010  |   1.752447   5.091636     0.34   0.731    -8.226976    11.73187
                2011  |   5.068615   6.174553     0.82   0.412    -7.033287    17.17052
                2012  |   2.797368    6.17177     0.45   0.650    -9.299079    14.89382
                2013  |   -.324751      6.288    -0.05   0.959      -12.649     11.9995
                2014  |   9.523628   9.704944     0.98   0.326    -9.497712    28.54497
                2015  |   4.695405   5.001485     0.94   0.348    -5.107326    14.49814
                2016  |          0  (omitted)
                2017  |          0  (empty)
                2018  |          0  (empty)
                      |
            countryid |
                   2  |          0  (empty)
                   3  |          0  (empty)
                   4  |          0  (empty)
                   5  |  -28.53233   16.05791    -1.78   0.076    -60.00525    2.940592
                   6  |          0  (empty)
                   7  |          0  (empty)
                   8  |          0  (empty)
                   9  |  -20.98524   16.62776    -1.26   0.207    -53.57506    11.60457
                  10  |          0  (empty)
                  11  |  -21.26349   15.32658    -1.39   0.165    -51.30304    8.776051
                  12  |          0  (empty)
                  13  |  -67.71056   30.70442    -2.21   0.027    -127.8901   -7.531004
                  14  |          0  (empty)
                  15  |          0  (empty)
                  16  |          0  (empty)
                  17  |          0  (empty)
                  18  |          0  (empty)
                  19  |          0  (empty)
                  20  |          0  (empty)
                  21  |          0  (empty)
                  22  |          0  (empty)
                  23  |          0  (empty)
                  24  |          0  (empty)
                  25  |          0  (empty)
                  26  |          0  (empty)
                  27  |  -25.17228   14.18601    -1.77   0.076    -52.97636    2.631791
                  28  |          0  (empty)
                  29  |          0  (empty)
                  30  |          0  (empty)
                  31  |          0  (empty)
                  32  |          0  (empty)
                  33  |          0  (empty)
                  34  |          0  (empty)
                  35  |          0  (empty)
                  36  |          0  (empty)
                  37  |          0  (empty)
                  38  |          0  (empty)
                  39  |          0  (empty)
                  40  |          0  (empty)
                  41  |          0  (empty)
                  42  |  -13.62407   14.96924    -0.91   0.363    -42.96325    15.71511
                  43  |          0  (empty)
                  44  |          0  (empty)
                  45  |  -23.74772   13.59784    -1.75   0.081    -50.39899    2.903555
                  46  |  -29.07857   18.24486    -1.59   0.111    -64.83783    6.680689
                  47  |          0  (empty)
                  48  |          0  (empty)
                  49  |          0  (empty)
                  50  |          0  (empty)
                  51  |          0  (empty)
                  52  |   -22.9661   15.17929    -1.51   0.130    -52.71695    6.784757
                  53  |          0  (empty)
                  54  |          0  (empty)
                  55  |          0  (empty)
                  56  |  -28.53858   15.87024    -1.80   0.072    -59.64367     2.56652
                  57  |          0  (empty)
                  58  |          0  (empty)
                  59  |  -31.71978   14.96288    -2.12   0.034    -61.04648   -2.393079
                  60  |  -12.20941   13.93209    -0.88   0.381    -39.51581    15.09699
                  61  |          0  (empty)
                  62  |          0  (empty)
                  63  |          0  (empty)
                  64  |          0  (empty)
                  65  |   -20.1731   13.43979    -1.50   0.133     -46.5146    6.168398
                  66  |          0  (empty)
                  67  |          0  (empty)
                  68  |  -23.45496   13.41934    -1.75   0.080    -49.75638    2.846451
                  69  |          0  (empty)
                  70  |  -27.44866   14.64947    -1.87   0.061    -56.16109    1.263764
                  71  |          0  (empty)
                  72  |  -31.77917   18.56007    -1.71   0.087    -68.15624    4.597898
                  73  |          0  (empty)
                  74  |          0  (empty)
                  75  |  -24.54594   14.95171    -1.64   0.101    -53.85076    4.758879
                  76  |          0  (empty)
                  77  |          0  (empty)
                  78  |          0  (empty)
                  79  |          0  (empty)
                  80  |          0  (empty)
                  81  |  -26.30691   13.78212    -1.91   0.056    -53.31937    .7055483
                  82  |  -10.00631    17.8299    -0.56   0.575    -44.95227    24.93964
                  83  |          0  (empty)
                  84  |          0  (empty)
                  85  |          0  (empty)
                  86  |   -28.1954   15.53754    -1.81   0.070    -58.64841     2.25761
                  87  |          0  (empty)
                  88  |          0  (empty)
                  89  |          0  (empty)
                  90  |          0  (empty)
                  91  |          0  (empty)
                  92  |          0  (empty)
                  93  |          0  (empty)
                  94  |          0  (empty)
                  95  |          0  (empty)
                  96  |          0  (empty)
                  97  |          0  (empty)
                      |
                _cons |   36.18601    17.1244     2.11   0.035     2.622808    69.74921
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented:  elt eltpolconv
Instruments:   polconv chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4
               rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e 1975.year 1976.year 1977.year 1978.year
               1979.year 1980.year 1981.year 1982.year 1983.year 1984.year 1985.year
               1986.year 1987.year 1988.year 1989.year 1990.year 1991.year 1992.year
               1993.year 1994.year 1995.year 1996.year 1997.year 1998.year 1999.year
               2000.year 2001.year 2002.year 2003.year 2004.year 2005.year 2006.year
               2007.year 2008.year 2009.year 2010.year 2011.year 2012.year 2013.year
               2014.year 2015.year 5.countryid 9.countryid 11.countryid 13.countryid
               27.countryid 42.countryid 45.countryid 46.countryid 52.countryid
               56.countryid 59.countryid 60.countryid 65.countryid 68.countryid
               70.countryid 72.countryid 75.countryid 81.countryid 82.countryid
               86.countryid termover termoverpolconv

. estat endogenous

  Tests of endogeneity
  Ho: variables are exogenous

  Robust score chi2(2)            =  2.94272  (p = 0.2296)
  Robust regression F(2,363)      =  1.25928  (p = 0.2851)

. estat firststage ,all

  First-stage regression summary statistics
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |            Adjusted      Partial       Robust
      Variable |   R-sq.       R-sq.        R-sq.      F(2,365)   Prob > F
  -------------+------------------------------------------------------------
           elt |  0.1934      0.0387       0.0914       14.1039    0.0000
    eltpolconv |  0.2432      0.0981       0.1054       12.7861    0.0000
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Shea's partial R-squared
  --------------------------------------------------
               |     Shea's             Shea's
      Variable |  Partial R-sq.   Adj. Partial R-sq.
  -------------+------------------------------------
           elt |     0.1483             -0.3046
    eltpolconv |     0.1710             -0.2697
  --------------------------------------------------


. ////////////////////
> 
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> *Supplemental Figure 1: Linear Interaction Effect and Common Support Assumptions
. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
> 
. interflex chrprivgfcf100 elt polconv  chlgrealpcgdpUS_w005e   regimedum2 regimedum3 regimedum4 rpt_for_elt chcpi_w005e  if  main_sampl
> e==1, fe (countryname year) cluster(countryname) vce(robust) dlabel("Executive Election") xlabel("Institutional Constraints") ylabel("
> Private Fixed Investment Growth") xd(density) 
p value of Wald test: 0.2626

. //N.B. To reproduce the labels of Supplemental Figure 1, manually change size of axis labels to "v. Small" ; the size of the labels to
>  "Small", and add zeroes to x-axis values .2, .4, .6, and .8 in the Graph Editor
. 
. log close
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  /Users/sebastianthieme/Dropbox/Projects/Developing_Cycles/working data/main_analyses_and_supplemental_tables.log
  log type:  text
 closed on:  23 Mar 2023, 18:42:28
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
